100 Peaks of Taiwan

The 100 Peaks or Top 100 Mountains is a list of 100 mountain peaks in Taiwan. They were chosen by a group of prominent Taiwanese hikers from among the peaks known at the time to be over 3,000m in height. The selection criteria included uniqueness, danger, height, beauty and prominence; preference was also given to peaks already named and those with triangulation points.[1][2] As such, "Top" does not refer strictly to the top peaks by elevation, but rather those high peaks most worth hiking. The list was intended to promote enthusiasm for high-altitude hiking in Taiwan.[3] In the resulting list of one hundred peaks, 69 peaks were in the Central Mountain Range, the largest of Taiwan's five principal mountain ranges, while 19 were in the Xueshan Range, and 12 were in the Yushan Range.[4] The Alishan Range and Coastal Mountain Range, being entirely below 3,000m, have no peaks in the Top 100.

History

Taiwan has one of the highest densities of tall mountains in the world. In order to promote mountain hiking, the 100 Mountain Club of the Taiwan Province Alpine Association began developing a Top 100 list of peaks for Taiwan. Wen-An Lin, after a 1971 crossing of the Central Mountain Range, set about drawing up the list. After extensive consultation with Ching-Chang Tsai, Tian-Cheng Hsing, Tung-San Ting and other prominent hikers of the day, the Top 100 was finalized.[1]

Upon completion of the list, hiking the Top 100 immediately became one of the primary goals of avid hikers in Taiwan.[1][2][5][6][7] Finishing the Top 100 is no easy task, however. For aspiring Top 100 hikers, the Big Five, Pointy Three and Ominous One set of peaks, whose unique beauty best represents the majestic grandeur of Taiwan's high mountains, became a popular starting point. Other popular sets of peaks include the Precipitous Ten and the Four Beauties. Many begin with the more easily accessible peaks in the Hehuanshan area.

There are actually over 260 mountains over 3,000m in Taiwan, many of which did not make the Top 100 but are nevertheless impressive. Therefore, some criticism remains over the inclusion of certain mountains in the list, or the exclusion of others, such as Chushan in the Dongjunshan Chain, and Mutelebushan near Xueshan's North Peak. It is argued that these and other more remarkable peaks should be in the Top 100, while peaks like Jupenshan, Lushan, Nanhubeishan, Shenmazhenshan, Jianshan, and Bulakesangshan, which can hardly be called "peaks", should be taken off the list. Also, when resurveying was carried out long after the Top 100 list was completed, it was found that Liushunshan and Lushan were actually under 3,000m. However, as the Top 100 already enjoyed such widespread acceptance, they were not removed from the list and remain there to this day.

Complete listing of the Top 100

The following is a complete listing of the 100 Taiwanese mountain peaks commonly known as the Top 100:

#
Mountain
[8]

Elevation
[8]
LocationNational park
located in
ListPictures
1Yushan[lower-roman 1]3952 m
12966 ft
Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi CountyYushanBig Five #1[lower-alpha 1]
High Three #1[lower-alpha 2]
2Xueshan[lower-roman 2]3886 m
12749 ft
Miaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaBig Five #2[lower-alpha 1]
High Three #2[lower-alpha 2]
3Yushan East Peak3869 m
12694 ft
Nantou County, Kaohsiung CityYushanPrecipitous Ten #1[lower-alpha 3]
4Yushan North Peak3858 m
12657 ft
Nantou CountyYushanEight Beauties #1[lower-alpha 4]
5Yushan South Peak3844 m
12612 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanPrecipitous Ten #2[lower-alpha 3]
6Xiuguluanshan[lower-roman 3]3825 m
12549 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyYushanBig Five #3[lower-alpha 1]
7Mabolasishan[lower-roman 4]3785 m
12418 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyYushanPrecipitous Ten #3[lower-alpha 3]
8Nanhudashan3742 m
12277 ft
Taichung CityTarokoBig Five #4[lower-alpha 1]
9Dongxiaonanshan3711 m
12175 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanLevel Nine #1[lower-alpha 5]
10Zhongyangjianshan3705 m
12156 ft
Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoPointy Three #1[lower-alpha 6]
11Xueshan North Peak[lower-roman 5]3703 m
12149 ft
Miaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaGentle Ten #2[lower-alpha 7]
12Guanshan[lower-roman 6]3668 m
12034 ft
Taitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanPrecipitous Ten #4[lower-alpha 3]
13Dashuikushan3642 m
11949 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyYushanGentle Ten #1[lower-alpha 7]
14Nanhushan East Peak[lower-roman 7]3632 m
11916 ft
Taichung City, Hualien County, Yilan CountyTarokoRocky Ten #1[lower-alpha 8]
15Dongjundashan[lower-roman 8]3619 m
11873 ft
Nantou CountyMajestic Ten #1[lower-alpha 9]
16Qilaishan North Peak3607 m
11834 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoPrecipitous Ten #5[lower-alpha 3]
Ominous One[lower-alpha 10]
17Xiangyangshan[lower-roman 9]3603 m
11821 ft
Kaohsiung City, Taitung CountyYushanEight Beauties #2[lower-alpha 4]
18Dajianshan[lower-roman 10]3594 m
11791 ft
Taichung CityShei-PaPrecipitous Ten #6[lower-alpha 3]
19Yunfeng[lower-roman 11]3564 m
11693 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanLofty Nine #1[lower-alpha 11]
20Qilaishan[lower-roman 12]3560 m
11680 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyTarokoLofty Nine #2[lower-alpha 11]
21Malijiananshan[lower-roman 13]3546 m
11634 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyYushanRocky Ten #2[lower-alpha 8]
22Nanhubeishan[lower-roman 14]3536 m
11601 ft
Yilan County, Taichung CityTarokoMajestic Ten #2[lower-alpha 9]
23Daxueshan3530 m
11581 ft
Miaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaMajestic Ten #3[lower-alpha 9]
24Pintianshan[lower-roman 15]3524 m
11562 ft
Hsinchu County, Taichung CityShei-PaPrecipitous Ten #7[lower-alpha 3]
Four Beauties #1[lower-alpha 12]
25Yushan West Peak[lower-roman 16]3518 m
11542 ft
Chiayi County, Nantou CountyYushanVerdant Ten #4[lower-alpha 13]
26Touyingshan3510 m
11516 ft
Taichung City, Miaoli CountyShei-PaLofty Nine #3[lower-alpha 11]
27Sanchashan[lower-roman 17]3496 m
11470 ft
Hualien County, Taitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanMajestic Ten #3[lower-alpha 9]
28Dabajianshan[lower-roman 18]3492 m
11457 ft
Hsinchu County, Miaoli CountyShei-PaPointy Three #2[lower-alpha 6]
29Nanhushan South Peak3475 m
11401 ft
Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoRocky Ten #5[lower-alpha 8]
30Dongluandashan3468 m
11378 ft
Nantou CountyEight Beauties #3[lower-alpha 4]
31Wumingshan[lower-roman 19]3451 m
11322 ft
Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoPrecipitous Ten #8[lower-alpha 3]
32Babashan[lower-roman 20]3449 m
11316 ft
Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoLittle Eight #1[lower-alpha 14]
33Maxishan[lower-roman 21]3443 m
11296 ft
Hualien CountyYushanMajestic Ten #5[lower-alpha 9]
34Hehuanshan North Peak3422 m
11227 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyTarokoMajestic Ten #6[lower-alpha 9]
35Hehuanshan East Peak3421 m
11224 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyTarokoLofty Nine #4[lower-alpha 11]
36Xiaobajianshan3418 m
11214 ft
Miaoli CountyShei-PaCraggy Eight #2[lower-alpha 15]
37Hehuanshan Main Peak3417 m
11211 ft
Nantou CountyTarokoGentle Ten #3[lower-alpha 7]
38South Yushan3383 m
11099 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanGentle Ten #4[lower-alpha 7]
39Bilushan[lower-roman 22]3371 m
11060 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyTarokoNarrow Eight #3[lower-alpha 16]
40Zhuoshedashan3369 m
11053 ft
Nantou CountyLofty Nine #5[lower-alpha 11]
41Qilaishan South Peak3358 m
11017 ft
Nantou CountyMajestic Ten #7[lower-alpha 9]
42Nanshuangtoushan3356 m
11010 ft
Hualien County, Kaohsiung CityYushanLofty Nine #6[lower-alpha 11]
43Nenggaoshan South Peak3349 m
10988 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyPrecipitous Ten #9[lower-alpha 3]
44Zhijiayangdashan3345 m
10974 ft
Taichung CityShei-PaEight Beauties #4[lower-alpha 4]
45Baigudashan[lower-roman 23]3342 m
10965 ft
Nantou County, Taichung CityVerdant Ten #7[lower-alpha 13]
46Batongguanshan3335 m
10942 ft
Nantou CountyYushanCraggy Eight #3[lower-alpha 15]
47Xinkangshan[lower-roman 24]3331 m
10928 ft
Hualien CountyYushanPrecipitous Ten #10[lower-alpha 3]
48Dandashan3325 m
10909 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyNine Walls #3[lower-alpha 17]
49Taoshan3325 m
10909 ft
Hsinchu County, Taichung CityShei-PaEight Beauties #5[lower-alpha 4]
Four Beauties #2[lower-alpha 12]
50Jiayangshan[lower-roman 25]3314 m
10873 ft
Taichung CityShei-PaCraggy Eight #4[lower-alpha 15]
51Huoshishan3310 m
10860 ft
Miaoli County, Taichung CityShei-PaCraggy Eight #5[lower-alpha 15]
52Chiyoushan[lower-roman 26]3303 m
10837 ft
Hsinchu County, Taichung CityShei-PaSimple Six #1[lower-alpha 18]
Four Beauties #3[lower-alpha 12]
53Yizeshan[lower-roman 27]3297 m
10817 ft
Miaoli County, Hsinchu CountyShei-PaSimple Six #2[lower-alpha 18]
54Beinanzhushan3295 m
10810 ft
Kaohsiung City, Taitung CountyMajestic Ten #8[lower-alpha 9]
55Ganzhuowanshan3284 m
10774 ft
Nantou CountyNarrow Eight #4[lower-alpha 16]
56Taroko Mountain3283 m
10771 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoMajestic Ten #9[lower-alpha 9]
57Lulushan[lower-roman 28]3279 m
10758 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanCraggy Eight #7[lower-alpha 15]
58Kaxipananshan3276 m
10748 ft
Hualien CountyYushanRemote Nine #4[lower-alpha 19]
59Neilingershan3275 m
10745 ft
Hualien CountyMajestic Ten #10[lower-alpha 9]
60Lingmingshan3272 m
10735 ft
Taichung City, Hualien CountyTarokoEight Beauties #6[lower-alpha 4]
61Jundashan3265 m
10712 ft
Nantou CountyYushanEight Beauties #7[lower-alpha 4]
62Nenggaoshan[lower-roman 29]3262 m
10702 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyLofty Nine #7[lower-alpha 11]
High Three #3[lower-alpha 2]
63Wandongshan West Peak[lower-roman 30]3258 m
10689 ft
Nantou CountyRemote Nine #5[lower-alpha 19]
64Jianshan[lower-roman 31]3253 m
10673 ft
Taichung CityShei-PaNine Walls #5[lower-alpha 17]
65Pingfengshan3250 m
10663 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoNine Walls #6[lower-alpha 17]
66Xiaoguanshan3249 m
10659 ft
Kaohsiung City, Taitung CountyLofty Nine #8[lower-alpha 11]
67Yixiqingmazhishan3245 m
10646 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountySteep Seven #4[lower-alpha 20]
68Mushan[lower-roman 32]3241 m
10633 ft
Nantou CountySimple Six #5[lower-alpha 18]
69Yushan Front Peak3239 m
10627 ft
Chiayi County, Nantou CountyYushanSimple Six #5[lower-alpha 18]
70Shimenshan3237 m
10620 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyTarokoLittle Eight #2[lower-alpha 14]
71Wushuangshan[lower-roman 33]3231 m
10600 ft
Nantou CountyNine Walls #7[lower-alpha 17]
72Taguanshan[lower-roman 34]3222 m
10571 ft
Taitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanSteep Seven #5[lower-alpha 20]
73Mabishanshan[lower-roman 35]3211 m
10535 ft
Yilan County, Hualien CountyTarokoLevel Nine #7[lower-alpha 5]
74Dafenjianshan[lower-roman 36]3208 m
10525 ft
Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Hualien CountyYushanPointy Three #3[lower-alpha 6]
75Xueshan East Peak[lower-roman 37]3201 m
10502 ft
Taichung CityShei-PaLittle Eight #3[lower-alpha 14]
76Nanhuashan[lower-roman 38]3184 m
10446 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyNarrow Eight #6[lower-alpha 16]
77Guanshanlingshan3176 m
10420 ft
Taitung County, Kaohsiung CityYushanNarrow Eight #7[lower-alpha 16]
78Hainuonanshan3174 m
10413 ft
Taitung County, Kaohsiung CityGentle Ten #6[lower-alpha 7]
79Zhongxueshan3173 m
10410 ft
Miaoli CountyShei-PaVerdant Ten #8[lower-alpha 13]
80Shuanshan3168 m
10394 ft
Taichung CityTarokoEight Beauties #8[lower-alpha 4]
81Ganshufeng[lower-roman 39]3158 m
10361 ft
Hualien County, Taichung CityTarokoLittle Eight #6[lower-alpha 14]
82Hehuanshan West Peak3145 m
10318 ft
Nantou CountyTarokoVerdant Ten #9[lower-alpha 13]
83Shemazhenshan[lower-roman 40]3141 m
10305 ft
Yilan County, Taichung CityTarokoContiguous Six #1[lower-alpha 21]
84Kalayeshan[lower-roman 41]3133 m
10279 ft
Hsinchu County, Yilan CountyShei-PaContiguous Six #2[lower-alpha 21]
Four Beauties #4[lower-alpha 12]
85Kuhanuoxinshan3115 m
10220 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanRemote Nine #8[lower-alpha 19]
86Jialishan[lower-roman 42]3112 m
10210 ft
Miaoli CountyShei-PaContiguous Six #3[lower-alpha 21]
87Baishishan3110 m
10203 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountySteep Seven #6[lower-alpha 20]
88Panshishan[lower-roman 43]3106 m
10190 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoRemote Nine #9[lower-alpha 19]
89Patuolushan3101 m
10174 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoGentle Ten #8[lower-alpha 7]
90Beidawushan[lower-roman 44]3092 m
10144 ft
Pingtung County, Taitung CountyBig Five #5[lower-alpha 1]
91Xiluandashan[lower-roman 45]3081 m
10108 ft
Nantou CountySteep Seven #7[lower-alpha 20]
92Tafenshan3070 m
10072 ft
Hualien County, Kaohsiung CityYushanCraggy Eight #8[lower-alpha 15]
93Liwuzhushan[lower-roman 46]3069 m
10069 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoRocky Ten #9[lower-alpha 8]
94Andongjunshan[lower-roman 47]3068 m
10066 ft
Hualien County, Nantou CountyGentle Ten #9[lower-alpha 7]
95Guangtoushan[lower-roman 48]3060 m
10039 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyLevel Nine #8[lower-alpha 5]
96Yangtoushan3035 m
9957 ft
Hualien CountyTarokoNarrow Eight #8[lower-alpha 16]
97Bulakesangshan[lower-roman 49]3026 m
9928 ft
Taitung County, Hualien CountyNine Walls #9[lower-alpha 17]
98Jupenshan[lower-roman 50]3022 m
9915 ft
Nantou CountyYushanContiguous Six #4[lower-alpha 21]
99Liushunshan2999 m
9839 ft
Nantou County, Hualien CountyLevel Nine #9[lower-alpha 5]
100Lushan2981 m
9780 ft
Kaohsiung CityYushanContiguous Six #6[lower-alpha 21]

Notes

Designated lists

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 The Big Five are the biggest of the big in each geographical region and are a must for all Top 100 hikers.[9]
  2. 1 2 3 During Japanese rule, these three all had the character for "high" (高) in their name. This list is seldom referred to now that the mountains' names have changed.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Precipitous Ten list is composed of prominent, steep peaks not included in the Big Five, Pointy Three and Ominous One.[9]
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Eight Beauties were chosen for their beautiful landscapes, gentle slope, meadows of short bamboo and lack of rock scrambling.[9]
  5. 1 2 3 4 The Level Nine are wide, flat peaks without large rocks or trees, only short bamboo. Comfortable, easy walking.[9][10]
  6. 1 2 3 The Pointy Three are well-known mountains with distinct pyramid-like peaks.[9]
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 The Gentle Ten have an overall smooth profile, with gentle slopes and little climbing or scrambling needed.[9]
  8. 1 2 3 4 The Rocky Ten have rocky peaks that require scrambling or climbing to summit.[9]
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The Majestic Ten were chosen for their size and prominence, wide peaks, gentle slope and serene nature.[9]
  10. Qilaishan North Peak, the Ominous One, is located along the northern end of the Central Mountain Range's central spine. The ascent is steep and difficult in parts, and the dark fragmented slate covering the western face has earned it the nickname "Black Qilai". Some sources spell Qilai "Chilai".
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Lofty Nine are tall conspicuous peaks, catching the eye more than neighboring peaks.[9]
  12. 1 2 3 4 The Four Beauties are also known as the Wuling Sixiu[11] due to their proximity to Wuling Farm. Each of these four peaks has its own unique characteristics. The "Four Beauties" initially chosen by Tian-Cheng Hsing were Chiyoushan, Taoshan, Shilunshan and Kalayeshan, while Pintianshan was listed as one of the Precipitous Ten. However, since Shilunshan was not a Top 100, hikers began recognizing Pintianshan as one of the Four Beauties instead.[12]
  13. 1 2 3 4 The Verdant Ten have trails that wind through lush green forests of tall, twisting trees and bamboo.[9]
  14. 1 2 3 4 The Little Eight are small peaks with gentle slopes that can be easily reached as part of a longer trip.[9]
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The Craggy Eight jut out from the surrounding terrain and are surrounded by cliffs and difficult terrain.[9]
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 The Narrow Eight have long narrow ridgelines with cliffs or steep slopes on both sides.[9]
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 These mountains rise up like a wall, wide and flat, blocking the view of a large area like a screen.[9]
  18. 1 2 3 4 The Simple Six trails are offshoots from another main trail, short in distance and not very strenuous. They are easy side trips when hiking the parent trail.[9]
  19. 1 2 3 4 The Remote Nine are on distant offshoots of their mountain range and are not easily combined with other peaks into a single journey.[9]
  20. 1 2 3 4 Steep mountains with cliffs and loose rocks.[9]
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 The Contiguous Six are near other high peaks, and can be reached along a ridge that extends down from the higher peak. They have fairly level trails, the peaks are named and there is some sort of survey marker.[9]

Alternative names and other remarks

  1. Formerly known as Niitakayama, Mt. Morrison; This mountain is the highest point of Nantou County, Kaohsiung City, Chiayi County.
  2. Formerly known as Tsugitakayama, Mt. Sylvia; Highest point of Miaoli County, Taichung City.
  3. Other names: Mahuolasishan
  4. Other names: Wulamengshan
  5. Other names: Yuliyulishan
  6. Highest point of Taitung County
  7. Highest point of Yilan County
  8. Other names: Kayixishan
  9. Other names: Hongyeshan
  10. Other names: Baduowanuominshan
  11. Other names: Cloud Peak
  12. Other names: Qilaishan Main Peak
  13. Other names: Tabilashan
  14. Other names: Bayoushan
  15. Other names: Boqinxilunshan
  16. Other names: Tiancuifeng
  17. Other names: Xiaxueshashan
  18. Other names: Jiutongshan; Highest point of Hsinchu County
  19. Other names: Qusheshan, Gaotianshan
  20. Other names: Nanhunanshan
  21. Other names: Lagashan, Bainanshan
  22. Other names: Lagashan
  23. Other names: Baigoudashan
  24. Other names: Xinguanshan
  25. Other names: Adubanshan
  26. Other names: Yuluofushan
  27. Other names: Jiangzeshan
  28. Other names: Majiangzhizishan
  29. Formerly known as: Noutakayama
  30. Other names: Huoshan
  31. Other names: Xiaojianshan
  32. Other names: Ganzhuowanshan Southeast Peak
  33. Other names: Maxirouganshan
  34. Other names: Daguanshan
  35. Other names: Mameishan
  36. Other names: Jianshan
  37. Other names: Mingjianshan
  38. Other names: Nenggaoshan North Peak
  39. Other names: Zhongyangnanshan, Yam Peak
  40. Other names: Yezhenjialuosuishan
  41. Other names: Jialiupingshan
  42. Other names: Maibalabianshan
  43. Other names: Shanyuanshan
  44. Other names: Dawushan; Highest point in Pingtung County
  45. Other names: Luandashan
  46. Other names: Tacijilishan
  47. Other names: Andongjunshan
  48. Other names: Zhiyaganshan
  49. Other names: Wulagusanshan
  50. Other names: Yumabogeshan

References

  1. 1 2 3 臺灣百岳小史 (Short History of Taiwan's '100 Peaks'), accessed 03 June 2015.]
  2. 1 2 Lonely Planet; Robert Kelly; Chung Wah Chow (1 February 2014). Lonely Planet Taiwan. Lonely Planet Publications. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-74321-835-8.
  3. Yeh, Joseph (2011-01-31). "Fulfill your dreams while you are young, says daring hiker Lin Cheng-han". The China Post. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  4. 頁面歷史: 台灣百岳, National Park Mountaineering School (History: Taiwan's Top 100), accessed 03 June 2015.
  5. Huang, Chao-kuo (2007-12-24). "Taiwanese Scales World's Peaks". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  6. Bartholomew, Ian (2001-08-19). "Taiwan's rivers offer vast potential for adventure". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  7. Bartholomew, Ian (2013-03-20). "Mountain lore". Taipei Times. Retrieved 2015-06-03.
  8. 1 2 Chinese Taipei Alpine Association 百岳一覽表, accessed 03 June 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 台灣山嶽導覽入門篇 by H領隊, accessed 03 June 2015.
  10. 奇萊主峰濃霧積雪 救難人員舉步維艱, Eastern Daily News, accessed 03 June 2015.
  11. Taiwan's Most Spectacular Hiking Trails, Wanderlust travel magazine, accessed 03 June 2015.
  12. 第二世代台灣百嶽全集上冊,戶外生活圖書股份有限公司,陳遠見主編,2007年8月31日初版, ISBN 9789866994395.
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