1220

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Year 1220 (MCCXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

• May 26 - German Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor grants bishops sovereign rights
• May – St. Francis of Assisi resigns from the leadership of the Franciscan Order.
• August 8 – Livonian Crusade: Estonians defeat the invading Swedes in the Battle of Lihula.
• November 22 – Frederick II is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Honorius III.
• The Mongols first invade the Khwarazmian Empire; Bukhara and Samarkand are taken.
• The Dominican Order is approved by Pope Honorius III.
• Conrad of Masovia drives out the heathen Prussians from a Masovian territory of Chelmno Land.
• Trial by ordeal is abolished in England.
• The German Hohenstaufen dynasty, which had ruled Sicily since 1194, adopts Palermo as its principal seat.
• Dordrecht receives city rights, making it the oldest city in the present-day Holland area.
• Ljubljana receives its town rights.
• The Islamic lands of Central Asia are overrun by the armies of the Mongol invader Genghis Khan (ca. 1155–1227), who lays waste to many civilizations and creates an empire that stretches from China to the Caspian Sea.
• The Thai Kingdom of Sukhothai is established.
• St Benedict of Nursia was Canonized by the Roman Catholic Church.
• Gothic architecture becomes increasingly popular in Europe.
• The rebuilding of the Cathedral of Chartres, which had been destroyed by a fire in 1194, is completed.
• Rebuilding of Amiens Cathedral begins.^[1]
• Rebuilding of York Minster begins.
• Building of the Salisbury Cathedral begins.^[1]
• Rebuilding of the city of London begins

Births

• April 1 – Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
• May 30 – Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
• November 11 – Alphonse of Toulouse, son of Louis VIII of France (d. 1271)
• Przemysł I of Poland (d. 1257)
• Thomas Ercildoun, Scottish minstrel (d. 1297)
• Walter de Burgh, 1st Earl of Ulster (d. 1271)
• Yaroslav of Russia, Grand Duke of Vladimir

Deaths

• February 17 – Theobald I, Duke of Lorraine
• April 15 – Adolf of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne
• June 1 – Henry de Bohun, 1st Earl of Hereford (b. 1176)
• November 3 – Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal, spouse of King Afonso II of Portugal (b. 1186)
• Michael Choniates, Byzantine writer and ecclesiastic
• Farid od-Din Mohammad ebn Ebrahim 'Attar, Persian mystical poet
• Saxo Grammaticus, Danish historian (b. 1150)
• Mestwin I of Pomerania

References