April 12

April 12 is the 102nd day of the year (103rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 263 days remaining until the end of the year. This date is slightly more likely to fall on a Tuesday, Thursday or Sunday (58 in 400 years each) than on Friday or Saturday (57), and slightly less likely to occur on a Monday or Wednesday (56).

Events

• 238 – Gordian II loses the Battle of Carthage against the Numidian forces loyal to Maximinus Thrax and is killed. Gordian I, his father, commits suicide.
• 240 – Shapur I is crowned as king of the Sasanian Empire.
• 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted to Christianity by Paulinus, bishop of York.
• 1167 – King Karl Sverkersson of Sweden is murdered on Visingsö.
• 1204 – The Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade breach the walls of Constantinople and enter the city, which they completely occupy the following day.
• 1606 – The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.
• 1776 – American Revolution: With the Halifax Resolves, the North Carolina Provincial Congress authorizes its Congressional delegation to vote for independence from Britain.
• 1807 – The Froberg mutiny ends when the remaining mutineers blow up the magazine of Fort Ricasoli.
• 1820 – Alexander Ypsilantis is declared leader of Filiki Eteria, a secret organization to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece.
• 1831 – Soldiers marching on the Broughton Suspension Bridge in Manchester, England cause it to collapse.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
• 1862 – American Civil War: The Andrews Raid (the Great Locomotive Chase) occurs, starting from Big Shanty, Georgia (now Kennesaw).
• 1864 – American Civil War: The Battle of Fort Pillow: Confederate forces kill most of the African American soldiers that surrendered at Fort Pillow, Tennessee.
• 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.
• 1877 – The United Kingdom annexes the Transvaal.
• 1910 – SMS Zrínyi, one of the last pre-dreadnought battleships built by the Austro-Hungarian Navy, is launched.
• 1917 – World War I: Canadian forces successfully complete the taking of Vimy Ridge from the Germans.
• 1927 – Shanghai massacre of 1927: Chiang Kai-shek orders the Communist Party of China members executed in Shanghai, ending the First United Front.
• 1927 – Rocksprings, Texas was hit by an F5 tornado that destroyed 235 of the 247 buildings in the town and killed 72 townspeople and injured 205; third deadliest tornado in Texas history.
• 1928 – The Bremen, a German Junkers W 33 type aircraft, takes off for the first successful transatlantic aeroplane flight from east to west.
• 1934 – The strongest surface wind gust in the world at the time of 231 mph, is measured on the summit of Mount Washington, New Hampshire. It has since been surpassed.
• 1934 – The U.S. Auto-Lite strike begins, culminating in a five-day melee between Ohio National Guard troops and 6,000 strikers and picketers.
• 1935 – First flight of the Bristol Blenheim.
• 1937 – Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
• 1945 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies while in office; Vice President Harry Truman, becomes President upon Roosevelt's death.
• 1945 – The U.S. Ninth Army under General William H. Simpson crosses the Elbe River astride Magdeburg, and reached Tangermünde—only 50 miles from Berlin.
• 1955 – The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, is declared safe and effective.
• 1961 – The Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes the first human to travel into outer space and perform the first manned orbital flight, Vostok 1.
• 1963 – The Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-33 collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S Finnclipper in the Danish straits.
• 1970 – Soviet submarine K-8, carrying four nuclear torpedoes, sinks in the Bay of Biscay four days after a fire on board.
• 1980 – Samuel Doe takes control of Liberia in a coup d'état, ending over 130 years of minority Americo-Liberian rule over the country.
• 1981 – The first launch of a Space Shuttle (Columbia) takes place: The STS-1 mission.
• 1990 – Jim Gary's "Twentieth Century Dinosaurs" exhibition opens at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He is the only sculptor ever invited to present a solo exhibition there.
• 1992 – The Euro Disney Resort officially opens with its theme park Euro Disneyland. The resort and its park's name are subsequently changed to Disneyland Paris.
• 1998 – An earthquake in Slovenia, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale occurs near the town of Bovec.
• 1999 – Then-US President Bill Clinton is cited for contempt of court for giving "intentionally false statements" in a civil lawsuit; he is later disbarred and fined.
• 2002 – A suicide bomber blows herself up at the entrance to Jerusalem's Mahane Yehuda Market, killing seven people and wounding 104.
• 2007 – A suicide bomber penetrates the Green Zone and detonates in a cafeteria within a parliament building, killing Iraqi MP Mohammed Awad and wounding more than twenty other people.
• 2009 – Zimbabwe officially abandons the Zimbabwean dollar as its official currency.
• 2013 – Two suicide bombers kill three Chadian soldiers and injure dozens of civilians at a market in Kidal, Mali.
• 2014 – The Great Fire of Valparaíso ravages the Chilean city of Valparaíso, killing 16, displacing nearly 10,000, and destroying over 2,000 homes.

Births

• 1432 – Anne of Austria, Landgravine of Thuringia (d. 1462)
• 1484 – Antonio da Sangallo the Younger, Italian architect, designed the Apostolic Palace and St. Peter's Basilica (d. 1546)
• 1500 – Joachim Camerarius, German scholar and translator (d. 1574)
• 1526 – Muretus, French philosopher and author (d. 1585)
• 1550 – Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, English courtier and politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (d. 1604)
• 1577 – Christian IV of Denmark (d. 1648)
• 1705 – William Cookworthy, English minister and pharmacist (d. 1780)
• 1710 – Caffarelli, Italian actor and singer (d. 1783)
• 1713 – Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French historian and author (d. 1796)
• 1716 – Felice Giardini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1796)
• 1722 – Pietro Nardini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1793)
• 1724 – Lyman Hall, American physician, clergyman, and politician, 16th Governor of Georgia (d. 1790)
• 1748 – Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist and author (d. 1836)
• 1777 – Henry Clay, American lawyer and politician, 9th United States Secretary of State (d. 1852)
• 1792 – John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham, English soldier and politician, Lord Privy Seal (d. 1840)
• 1794 – Germinal Pierre Dandelin, Belgian mathematician and engineer (d. 1847)
• 1796 – George N. Briggs, American lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1861)
• 1799 – Henri Druey, Swiss lawyer and politician, 2nd President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1855)
• 1801 – Joseph Lanner, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1843)
• 1823 – Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian playwright and translator (d. 1886)
• 1839 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian geographer and explorer (d. 1888)
• 1848 – José Gautier Benítez, Puerto Rican soldier and poet (d. 1880)
• 1851 – Edward Walter Maunder, English astronomer and author (d. 1928)
• 1852 – Ferdinand von Lindemann, German mathematician and academic (d. 1939)
• 1856 – Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, English mountaineer, cartographer, and politician (d. 1937)
• 1861 – Walter Bingle, Australian public servant (d. 1928)
• 1868 – Akiyama Saneyuki, Japanese admiral (d. 1918)
• 1868 – Ella Gaunt Smith, American businesswoman (d. 1932)
• 1871 – Ioannis Metaxas, Greek general and politician, 130th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1941)
• 1874 – William B. Bankhead, American lawyer and politician, 47th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1940)
• 1880 – Addie Joss, American baseball player and journalist (d. 1911)
• 1883 – Imogen Cunningham, American photographer and educator (d. 1976)
• 1883 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby player, cricketer, and sailor (d. 1959)
• 1884 – Tenby Davies, Welsh runner (d. 1932)
• 1884 – Otto Meyerhof, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Robert Delaunay, French painter (d. 1941)
• 1887 – Harold Lockwood, American actor and director (d. 1918)
• 1888 – Dan Ahearn, Irish-American long jumper and police officer (d. 1942)
• 1888 – Cecil Kimber, English automobile engineer (d. 1945)
• 1888 – Kaarlo Koskelo, Finnish-American wrestler (d. 1953)
• 1888 – Heinrich Neuhaus, Ukrainian-Russian pianist and educator (d. 1964)
• 1892 – Johnny Dodds, American clarinet player and saxophonist (d. 1940)
• 1894 – Francisco Craveiro Lopes, Portuguese field marshal and politician, 13th President of Portugal (d. 1964)
• 1898 – Lily Pons, French-American soprano and actress (d. 1976)
• 1901 – Lowell Stockman, American farmer and politician (d. 1962)
• 1902 – Louis Beel, Dutch academic and politician, 36th Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977)
• 1903 – Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
• 1907 – Zawgyi, Burmese poet, author, literary historian, critic, scholar and academic (d. 1990)
• 1907 – Felix de Weldon, Austrian-American sculptor, designed the Marine Corps War Memorial (d. 2003)
• 1907 – Hardie Gramatky, American author and painter (d. 1979)
• 1908 – Ida Pollock, English author and painter (d. 2013)
• 1908 – Robert Lee Scott, Jr., American pilot and general (d. 2006)
• 1911 – Mahmoud Younis, Egyptian engineer (d. 1976)
• 1912 – Frank Dilio, Canadian businessman (d. 1997)
• 1912 – Hamengkubuwono IX, Indonesian politician, 2nd Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1988)
• 1912 – Hound Dog Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
• 1913 – Keiko Fukuda, Japanese-American martial artist (d. 2013)
• 1914 – Armen Alchian, American economist and academic (d. 2013)
• 1916 – Movita Castaneda, American actress and singer (d. 2015)
• 1916 – Beverly Cleary, American author and librarian
• 1916 – Russell Garcia, American-New Zealand composer and conductor (d. 2011)
• 1916 – Benjamin Libet, American neuropsychologist and academic (d. 2007)
• 1917 – Helen Forrest, American singer and actress (d. 1999)
• 1917 – Vinoo Mankad, Indian cricketer (d. 1978)
• 1917 – Robert Manzon, French racing driver (d. 2015)
• 1919 – István Anhalt, Hungarian-Canadian composer and educator (d. 2012)
• 1921 – Robert Cliche, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (d. 1978)
• 1922 – Simon Kapwepwe, Zambian politician, 2nd Vice President of Zambia (d. 1980)
• 1923 – Ann Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 2004)
• 1924 – Raymond Barre, French economist and politician, Prime Minister of France (d. 2007)
• 1924 – Peter Safar, Austrian physician and academic (d. 2003)
• 1925 – Evelyn Berezin, American computer scientist and engineer
• 1925 – Ned Miller, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016)
• 1925 – Oliver Postgate, English animator, puppeteer, and screenwriter (d. 2008)
• 1926 – Jane Withers, American actress
• 1927 – Thomas Hemsley, English baritone (d. 2013)
• 1928 – Hardy Krüger, German actor
• 1928 – Jean-François Paillard, French conductor and author (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Elspet Gray, Scottish actress (d. 2013)
• 1929 – Mukhran Machavariani, Georgian poet and educator (d. 2010)
• 1930 – John Landy, Australian runner and politician, 26th Governor of Victoria
• 1930 – Bryan Magee, English philosopher and politician
• 1930 – Manuel Neri, American sculptor and painter
• 1930 – Michał Życzkowski, Polish technician and educator (d. 2006)
• 1931 – Leonid Derbenyov, Russian poet and songwriter (d. 1995)
• 1932 – Lakshman Kadirgamar, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 5th Sri Lankan Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2005)
• 1932 – Tiny Tim, American singer and ukulele player (d. 1996)
• 1933 – Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano and actress
• 1934 – Heinz Schneiter, Swiss footballer and manager
• 1935 – Wendy Savage, English gynaecologist and activist
• 1936 – Charles Napier, American actor (d. 2011)
• 1936 – Kennedy Simmonds, Kittitian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis
• 1937 – Dennis Banks, American author and activist
• 1937 – Igor Volk, Ukrainian-Russian colonel, pilot, and astronaut
• 1939 – Alan Ayckbourn, English director and playwright
• 1939 – Johnny Raper, Australian rugby league player and coach
• 1940 – Woodie Fryman, American baseball player (d. 2011)
• 1940 – Herbie Hancock, American pianist, composer, and bandleader
• 1941 – Bobby Moore, English footballer and manager (d. 1993)
• 1942 – Bill Bryden, Scottish actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1942 – Carlos Reutemann, Argentinian race car driver and politician, Governor of Santa Fe
• 1942 – Jacob Zuma, South African politician, 4th President of South Africa
• 1943 – Sumitra Mahajan, Indian politician, 16th Speaker of the Lok Sabha
• 1944 – Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (d. 2015)
• 1944 – John Kay, German-Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
• 1945 – Lee Jong-wook, South Korean physician and diplomat (d. 2006)
• 1946 – Ed O'Neill, American actor and producer
• 1946 – George Robertson, Baron Robertson of Port Ellen, Scottish politician and diplomat, 10th Secretary General of NATO
• 1947 – Roy M. Anderson, English epidemiologist, zoologist, and academic
• 1947 – Martin Brasier, English palaeontologist, biologist, and academic (d. 2014)
• 1947 – Tom Clancy, American historian and author (d. 2013)
• 1947 – Woody Johnson, American businessman and philanthropist
• 1947 – Dan Lauria, American actor
• 1947 – David Letterman, American comedian, actor, and talk show host
• 1948 – Jeremy Beadle, English television host and producer (d. 2008)
• 1948 – Joschka Fischer, German academic and politician, Vice Chancellor of Germany
• 1948 – Marcello Lippi, Italian footballer, manager, and coach
• 1949 – Scott Turow, American lawyer and author
• 1950 – Flavio Briatore, Italian businessman
• 1950 – David Cassidy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1950 – Nick Sackman, English composer and educator
• 1951 – Tom Noonan, American actor
• 1952 – Reuben Gant, American football player
• 1952 – Leicester Rutledge, New Zealand rugby player
• 1952 – Gary Soto, American poet, novelist, and memoirist
• 1952 – Ralph Wiley, American journalist (d. 2004)
• 1953 – Tanino Liberatore, Italian author and illustrator
• 1954 – John Faulkner, Australian educator and politician, 52nd Australian Minister for Defence
• 1954 – Jon Krakauer, American mountaineer and author
• 1954 – Steve Stevaert, Belgian businessman and politician, Governor of Limburg (d. 2015)
• 1954 – Pat Travers, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1955 – Fabian Hamilton, English graphic designer, engineer, and politician
• 1956 – Andy Garcia, Cuban-American actor, director, and producer
• 1956 – Herbert Grönemeyer, German singer-songwriter and actor
• 1957 – Greg Child, Australian mountaineer and author
• 1957 – Vince Gill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1957 – Tama Janowitz, American novelist and short story writer
• 1958 – Will Sergeant, English guitarist
• 1958 – Klaus Tafelmeier, German javelin thrower
• 1958 – Ginka Zagorcheva, Bulgarian hurdler
• 1959 – Howard Stableford, English radio and television host
• 1959 – Tracy Tormé, American screenwriter and producer
• 1961 – Corrado Fabi, Italian race car driver
• 1961 – Lisa Gerrard, Australian singer-songwriter
• 1961 – Charles Mann, American football player and sportscaster
• 1961 – Magda Szubanski, Australian Australian actress, comedian and writer
• 1962 – Art Alexakis, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
• 1962 – Carlos Sainz, Spanish race car driver
• 1962 – Nobuhiko Takada, Japanese mixed martial artist and wrestler, founded Hustle
• 1963 – Lydia Cacho, Mexican journalist and author
• 1964 – Amy Ray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1964 – Mark Simmonds, English surveyor and politician
• 1965 – Kim Bodnia, Danish actor and screenwriter
• 1965 – Tom O'Brien, American actor and producer
• 1965 – Chi Onwurah, English politician
• 1965 – Gervais Rufyikiri, Burundian politician
• 1965 – Mihai Stoica, Romanian footballer and manager
• 1966 – Nils-Olav Johansen, Norwegian guitarist and singer
• 1966 – Lorenzo White, American football player
• 1967 – Sarah Cracknell, English singer-songwriter
• 1967 – Mellow Man Ace, Cuban-American rapper
• 1968 – Alicia Coppola, American actress
• 1968 – Toby Gad, German songwriter and producer
• 1968 – Adam Graves, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1968 – Ott, English musician and record producer
• 1969 – Jörn Lenz, German footballer and manager
• 1969 – Lucas Radebe, South African footballer and sportscaster
• 1969 – Michael Jackson, American football player and politician
• 1970 – Sylvain Bouchard, Canadian speed skater
• 1971 – Nicholas Brendon, American actor
• 1971 – Shannen Doherty, American actress, director, and producer
• 1971 – Nick Hexum, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1971 – Myriam Muller, Luxembourgish actress
• 1972 – Şebnem Ferah, Turkish singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1972 – Dimitrios Kokotis, Greek high jumper
• 1972 – Paul Lo Duca, American baseball player and sportscaster
• 1973 – J. Scott Campbell, American author and illustrator
• 1973 – Claudia Jordan, American model and actress
• 1973 – Ryan Kisor, American trumpet player and composer
• 1973 – Antonio Osuna, Mexican-American baseball player
• 1974 – Belinda Emmett, Australian actress (d. 2006)
• 1974 – Bryan Fletcher, Australian rugby league player and sportscaster
• 1974 – Roman Hamrlík, Czech ice hockey player
• 1974 – Marley Shelton, American actress
• 1974 – Sylvinho, Brazilian footballer and manager
• 1976 – Olga Kotlyarova, Russian runner
• 1976 – Brad Miller, American basketball player
• 1977 – Giovanny Espinoza, Ecuadorian footballer
• 1977 – Jason Price, Welsh footballer
• 1977 – Glenn Rogers, Australian-Scottish cricketer
• 1978 – Guy Berryman, Scottish bass player and producer
• 1978 – Scott Crary, American director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1978 – Svetlana Lapina, Russian high jumper
• 1978 – Robin Walker, English businessman and politician
• 1979 – Claire Danes, American actress
• 1979 – Jordan De Jong, American baseball player
• 1979 – Elena Grosheva, Russian gymnast
• 1979 – Mateja Kežman, Serbian footballer
• 1979 – Jennifer Morrison, American actress
• 1979 – Cristian Ranalli, Italian footballer
• 1979 – Lee Soo-young, South Korean singer
• 1980 – Brian McFadden, Irish singer-songwriter
• 1980 – Erik Mongrain, Canadian guitarist and composer
• 1981 – Yuriy Borzakovskiy, Russian runner
• 1981 – Nicolás Burdisso, Argentinian footballer
• 1981 – Grant Holt, English footballer
• 1981 – Brian Vandborg, Danish cyclist
• 1983 – Jelena Dokic, Serbian-Australian tennis player
• 1983 – Genta Ismajli, Kosovan-Albanian singer-songwriter
• 1983 – Luke Kibet, Kenyan runner
• 1984 – Aleksey Dmitrik, Russian high jumper
• 1985 – James Alexandrou, English actor, director, and screenwriter
• 1985 – Brennan Boesch, American baseball player
• 1985 – Ted Ginn, Jr., American football player
• 1985 – Olga Seryabkina, Russian singer-songwriter
• 1985 – Hitomi Yoshizawa, Japanese singer
• 1986 – Blerim Džemaili, Swiss footballer
• 1986 – Marcel Granollers, Spanish tennis player
• 1987 – Brooklyn Decker, American model and actress
• 1987 – Shawn Gore, Canadian football player
• 1987 – Josh McCrone, Australian rugby league player
• 1987 – Brendon Urie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1988 – Ricardo Gabriel Álvarez, Argentinian footballer
• 1988 – Stephen Brogan, English footballer
• 1988 – Amedeo Calliari, Italian footballer
• 1988 – Jessie James Decker, American singer-songwriter
• 1989 – Bethan Dainton, Welsh rugby union player
• 1989 – Miguel Ángel Ponce, American-Mexican footballer
• 1989 – Kaitlyn Weaver, Canadian-American ice dancer
• 1990 – Francesca Halsall, English swimmer
• 1991 – Torey Krug, American ice hockey player
• 1991 – Oliver Norwood, English footballer
• 1991 – Magnus Pääjärvi, Swedish ice hockey player
• 1991 – Jazz Richards, Welsh footballer
• 1992 – Chad le Clos, South African swimmer
• 1993 – Jordan Archer, English-Scottish footballer
• 1993 – Dorial Green-Beckham, American football player
• 1993 – Ryan Nugent-Hopkins, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1994 – Isabelle Drummond, Brazilian actress and singer
• 1994 – Saoirse Ronan, American-born Irish actress
• 1994 – Airi Suzuki, Japanese actress and singer
• 1994 – Se-hun, South Korean singer
• 1995 – Pedro Cachín, Argentine tennis player
• 1996 – Elizaveta Kulichkova, Russian tennis player

Deaths

• 45 BC – Gnaeus Pompeius, Roman general and politician (b. 75 BC)
• 238 – Gordian I, Roman emperor (b. 159)
• 238 – Gordian II, Roman emperor (b. 192)
• 352 – Pope Julius I
• 434 – Archbishop Maximianus of Constantinople
• 1125 – Vladislaus I, Duke of Bohemia (b. 1065)
• 1443 – Henry Chichele, English archbishop (b. 1364)
• 1550 – Claude, Duke of Guise (b. 1496)
• 1555 – Joanna of Castile (b. 1479)
• 1675 – Richard Bennett, English politician, colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1609)
• 1684 – Nicola Amati, Italian instrument maker (b. 1596)
• 1687 – Ambrose Dixon, English-American soldier (b. 1619)
• 1704 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)
• 1748 – William Kent, English architect, designed Holkham Hall and Chiswick House (b. 1685)
• 1782 – Metastasio, Italian-Austrian poet and composer (b. 1698)
• 1788 – Carlo Antonio Campioni, French-Italian composer (b. 1719)
• 1795 – Johann Kaspar Basselet von La Rosée, Bavarian general (b. 1710)
• 1814 – Charles Burney, English composer and historian (b. 1726)
• 1817 – Charles Messier, French astronomer and academic (b. 1730)
• 1850 – Adoniram Judson, American lexicographer and missionary (b. 1788)
• 1866 – Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood, English politician, founded Fleetwood (b. 1801)
• 1872 – Nikolaos Mantzaros, Greek composer and theorist (b. 1795)
• 1878 – William M. Tweed, American lawyer and politician (b. 1823)
• 1879 – Richard Taylor, American general (b. 1826)
• 1898 – Elzéar-Alexandre Taschereau, Canadian cardinal (b. 1820)
• 1902 – Marie Alfred Cornu, French physicist and academic (b. 1842)
• 1906 – Mahesh Chandra Nyayratna Bhattacharyya, Indian scholar, academic, and philanthropist (b. 1836)
• 1912 – Clara Barton, American nurse and humanitarian, founded the American Red Cross (b. 1821)
• 1933 – Adelbert Ames, American general and politician, 30th Governor of Mississippi (b. 1835)
• 1937 – Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan, Turkish playwright and poet (b. 1852)
• 1938 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (b. 1873)
• 1943 – Viktor Puskar, Estonian colonel (b. 1889)
• 1945 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, American lawyer and politician, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
• 1953 – Lionel Logue, Australian actor and therapist (b. 1880)
• 1962 – Ron Flockhart, Scottish race car driver (b. 1923)
• 1966 – Sydney Allard, English racing driver and founder of the Allard car company (b. 1910)
• 1968 – Heinrich Nordhoff, German engineer (b. 1899)
• 1971 – Wynton Kelly, American pianist and composer (b. 1931)
• 1971 – Ed Lafitte, American baseball player and dentist (b. 1886)
• 1973 – Arthur Freed, American songwriter and producer (b. 1894)
• 1975 – Josephine Baker, American-born French actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1906)
• 1977 – Philip K. Wrigley, American businessman, co-founded Lincoln Park Gun Club (b. 1894)
• 1980 – Clark McConachy, New Zealand snooker player (b. 1895)
• 1980 – William R. Tolbert, Jr., Liberian politician, 20th President of Liberia (b. 1913)
• 1981 – Prince Yasuhiko Asaka of Japan (b. 1887)
• 1981 – Joe Louis, American boxer and wrestler (b. 1914)
• 1983 – Carl Morton, American baseball player (b. 1944)
• 1984 – Edwin T. Layton, American admiral and cryptanalyst (b. 1903)
• 1986 – Valentin Kataev, Russian author and playwright (b. 1897)
• 1987 – Mike Von Erich, American wrestler (b. 1964)
• 1988 – Alan Paton, South African historian and author (b. 1903)
• 1989 – Abbie Hoffman, American activist, co-founded Youth International Party (b. 1936)
• 1989 – Sugar Ray Robinson, American boxer (b. 1921)
• 1992 – Ilario Bandini, Italian race car driver and businessman (b. 1911)
• 1997 – George Wald, American neurologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
• 1998 – Robert Ford, Canadian poet and diplomat (b. 1915)
• 1999 – Boxcar Willie, American singer-songwriter (b. 1931)
• 2001 – Harvey Ball, American illustrator, created the smiley (b. 1921)
• 2002 – George Shevelov, Ukrainian-American linguist and philologist (b. 1908)
• 2004 – Moran Campbell, Canadian physician and academic, invented the venturi mask (b. 1925)
• 2006 – William Sloane Coffin, American minister and activist (b. 1924)
• 2007 – Kevin Crease, Australian journalist (b. 1936)
• 2008 – Cecilia Colledge, English-American figure skater and coach (b. 1920)
• 2008 – Patrick Hillery, Irish physician and politician, 6th President of Ireland (b. 1923)
• 2008 – Jerry Zucker, Israeli-American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1949)
• 2010 – Michel Chartrand, Canadian trade union leader (b. 1916)
• 2010 – Werner Schroeter, German director and screenwriter (b. 1945)
• 2011 – Karim Fakhrawi, Bahraini journalist, co-founded Al-Wasat (b. 1962)
• 2012 – Mohit Chattopadhyay, Indian poet and playwright (b. 1934)
• 2012 – Rodgers Grant, American pianist and composer (b. 1935)
• 2013 – Robert Byrne, American chess player and author (b. 1928)
• 2013 – Johnny du Plooy, South African boxer (b. 1964)
• 2013 – Michael France, American screenwriter (b. 1962)
• 2013 – Brennan Manning, American priest and author (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Annamária Szalai, Hungarian journalist and politician (b. 1961)
• 2013 – William Y. Thompson, American historian and author (b. 1922)
• 2013 – Ya'akov Yosef, Israeli rabbi and politician (b. 1946)
• 2014 – Pierre Autin-Grenier, French author and poet (b. 1947)
• 2014 – Fred Ho, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1957)
• 2014 – Pierre-Henri Menthéour, French cyclist (b. 1960)
• 2014 – Maurício Alves Peruchi, Brazilian footballer (b. 1990)
• 2014 – Hal Smith, American baseball player and coach (b. 1931)
• 2014 – Billy Standridge, American race car driver (b. 1953)
• 2015 – Paulo Brossard, Brazilian jurist and politician (b. 1924)
• 2015 – Patrice Dominguez, Algerian-French tennis player and trainer (b. 1950)
• 2015 – Alfred Eick, German commander (b. 1916)
• 2015 – André Mba Obame, Gabonese politician (b. 1957)
• 2016 – Anne Jackson, American actress (b. 1925)
• 2016 – Balls Mahoney, American professional wrestler (b. 1972)

Holidays and observances

• Children's Day (Bolivia)
• Christian feast day:
  • Adoniram Judson (Episcopal Church)
  • Alferius
  • Blessed Angelo Carletti di Chivasso
  • Erkembode
  • Pope Julius I
  • Zeno of Verona
  • April 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Commemoration of first human in space by Yuri Gagarin:
  • Cosmonautics Day (Russia)
  • International Day of Human Space Flight
  • Yuri's Night (International observance)
• Halifax Day (North Carolina)
• National Redemption Day (Liberia)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to April 12.

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada