1643

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1643 (MDCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (dominical letter D) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Julian calendar, the 1643rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 643rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 43rd year of the 17th century, and the 4th year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1643, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• c. January – Claudio Monteverdi's opera L'incoronazione di Poppea is first performed at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice.
• January 21 – Abel Tasman discovers the island of Tonga.
• February 6 – Abel Tasman discovers the Fiji islands.
• March 13 – First English Civil War – First Battle of Middlewich: The Roundheads rout the Cavaliers at Middlewich in Cheshire, England.
• April 1 – Åmål, Sweden is granted its city charter.
• April 28 – Francisco de Lucena, former Portuguese Secretary of State, is beheaded after being charged with treason.
• May 14 – Louis XIV succeeds Louis XIII as King of France at age five. His rule will last until his death at age 77 in 1715, a total of 72 years, which will be the longest reign of any European monarch in recorded history.
• May 19
  • Battle of Rocroi: The French defeat the Spanish at Rocroi, France.
  • The New England Confederation is formed as a military alliance.
• June 30 – First English Civil War – Battle of Adwalton Moor: Cavaliers (supporters of Charles I) gain control of Yorkshire.

July–December

• July 1 – First meeting of the Westminster Assembly of Divines
• July 5 – First English Civil War – Battle of Lansdowne: Royalists and Parliamentarians battle to a draw.
• July 13 – First English Civil War – Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Lord Henry Wilmot, Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, wins a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Sir William Waller.
• September 20 – First English Civil War – First Battle of Newbury: Royalists withdraw to end further bloodshed.
• September 21 – Hong Taiji, Qing dynasty Emperor of China dies.
• October 8 – The Shunzhi Emperor of China is crowned age 5, having been chosen to succeed his father by the Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers.
• October 28 – The Dutch corsairs end their occupation of Valdivia in what will become Chile.
• November 14 – Empress Meishō abdicates and Emperor Go-Kōmyō accedes to the throne of Japan.
• November 24 – Battle of Tuttlingen: France is defeated by forces of the Holy Roman Empire.
• December 25 – Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean is first sighted, by Captain William Mynors of the British East India Company on the Royal Mary.^[1]

Date unknown

• An Calbhach mac Aedh Ó Conchobhair Donn, The Ó Conchubhair Donn, Chief of the Name of the Clan Ó Conchubhair, is popularly inaugurated as last King of Connacht in Ireland.
• Baden-Baden is pillaged by the French.
• Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer.
• Paul de Chomedey, Sieur de Maisonneuve, places the first Mount Royal Cross atop Mount Royal above Montreal.
• Jean Bolland publishes the first two volumes of the Acta Sanctorum (in Antwerp). This is the beginning of the Bollandists' work.
• Miyamoto Musashi begins to dictate The Book of Five Rings (Go Rin No Sho) to his student, completing it in 1654 just before his death.
• Roger Williams, a co-founder of Rhode Island, publishes A Key into the Language of America.

Births

Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado born 23 March

Louis Moréri born 25 March

Gilbert Burnet born 18 September

Bahadur Shah I born 14 October

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle born 21 November

January–March

• January 2 – Eleonora d'Este (d. 1722)
• January 7 – Sir Samuel Grimston, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1700)
• January 9 – Eleonoro Pacello, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Pula (1689–1695) (d. 1695)
• January 13 – Axel Wachtmeister, Count of Mälsåker, Swedish field marshal (d. 1699)
• January 25 – John Hayes, English politician (d. 1705)
• January 30 – Sir Francis Blundell, 3rd Baronet, Irish politician (d. 1707)
• February 6
  • Charles Fanshawe, 4th Viscount Fanshawe, English politician (d. 1710)
  • Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, Prussian politician (d. 1712)
• February 15 – García Felipe de Legazpi y Velasco Altamirano y Albornoz, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tlaxcala (d. 1706)
• February 16 – John Sharp, English Archbishop of York (d. 1714)
• February 25
  • Ahmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1695)
  • Christian Franz Paullini, German physician (d. 1712)
• March 4 – Fran Krsto Frankopan, Croatian baroque poet, nobleman and politician (d. 1671)
• March 6 – Pierre de Langle, French bishop and theologian (d. 1724)
• March 8 – Nabeshima Naoyuki, Daimyo (d. 1725)
• March 17 – Fabrizio Spada, Catholic cardinal (d. 1717)
• March 23 – Mary of Jesus de León y Delgado, Spanish Dominican lay sister and mystic (d. 1731)
• March 25 – Louis Moréri, French priest and encyclopaedist (d. 1680)
• March 28 – Anthony Dopping, Anglican Bishop of Meath (d. 1697)
• March 29 – Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Pontchartrain (d. 1727)

April–June

• April 3 – Charles V, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1690)
• April 6 – Nehemiah Jewett, politician (d. 1720)
• April 30 – Johann Oswald Harms, German Baroque painter (d. 1708)
• May 3 – Georg Franck von Franckenau, German botanist (d. 1704)
• May 7 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native-born mayor of New York City (d. 1700)
• May 8 – George Louis I, Count of Erbach-Erbach, Count of Erbach and Erbach (1672–1693) (d. 1693)
• May 9 – Charles Kirkhoven, 1st Earl of Bellomont, Dutch-born Irish peer (d. 1683)
• May 10 – Gabriel Revel, French painter (d. 1712)
• May 29 – Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Scottish peer and the son of John Lyon (d. 1695)

July–September

• July 3 – Johann Ernst von Thun, Catholic bishop (d. 1709)
• July 26 – Burchard de Volder, Dutch mathematician (d. 1709)
• July 28 – Antonio Tarsia, Composer (d. 1722)
• July 29 – Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (d. 1709)
• August 3 – Charles de la Rue, Latin poet (d. 1725)
• August 12 – King Afonso VI of Portugal, King of Portugal and the Algarves (d. 1683)
• August 16 – Mumtaz Shikoh, Mughal Empire emperor (d. 1647)
• August 18 – William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (1670–1709) (d. 1709)
• August 26 – Cardinal de Bouillon, Catholic cardinal (d. 1715)
• September 3 – Lorenzo Bellini (d. 1704)
• September 5 – Sir William Portman, 6th Baronet, English politician (d. 1690)
• September 6 – François-Joseph de Beaupoil de Sainte-Aulaire, French poet (d. 1742)
• September 14
  • Jeremiah Dummer, American silversmith (d. 1718)
  • Joseph de Jouvancy, French historian (d. 1719)
• September 17 – Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham, English peer (d. 1694)
• September 18 – Gilbert Burnet, Scottish philosopher and historian (d. 1715)
• September 27 – Solomon Stoddard, pastor of the Congregationalist Church in Northampton (d. 1729)
• September 30 – Samuel Hoadly, Schoolmaster and writer of educational books (d. 1705)

October–December

• October 5 – Zinat-un-Nissa, Imperial princess of the Mughal Empire (d. 1721)
• October 14 – Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (d. 1712)
• October 25 – Georg Ludwig Agricola, German composer (d. 1676)
• November 1 – John Strype, English historian and biographer (d. 1737)
• November 4 – Asano Nagatomo, Daimyo who ruled the Akō Domain (d. 1675)
• November 16 – Jean Chardin (d. 1713)
• November 21 – René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, French explorer (d. 1687)
• November 23 – Eberhard von Danckelmann, Prussian politician (d. 1722)
• December 24 – Israel Kolmodin, Swedish hymnwriter and priest (d. 1709)
• December 28 – Salomon van Til, theologian of the Dutch Reformed Church (d. 1713)
• date unknown – Ilona Zrínyi, Hungarian heroine (d. 1703)
• date unknown – Marie Grubbe, Danish countess (d. 1718)

Deaths

• February 25 – Marco da Gagliano, Italian composer (b. 1582)
• March 1 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
• March 1 – Rustam Khan, Georgian-Iranian soldier (b. c. 1588)
• April 4 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (b. 1583)
• April 20 – Christoph Demantius, German composer (b. 1567)
• April 28 – Francisco de Lucena, Portuguese Secretary of State (b. c. 1578)
• May 14 – King Louis XIII of France (b. 1601)
• July 25 – Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English statesman (b. 1584)
• August 20 – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (b. 1591)
• September 15 – Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (b. 1566)
• September 20, at the Battle of Newbury:
  • Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer
  • Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon
  • Henry Spencer, 1st Earl of Sunderland
• September 21 – Emperor Hong Taiji of China (b. 1592)
• October 29 – Brilliana, Lady Harley, English noble, letter writer and war heroine (b. 1598)
• November 3 – John Bainbridge, English astronomer (b. 1583)
• November 3 – Paul Guldin, Swiss astronomer and mathematician (b. 1577)
• November 16 – Jean-Baptiste Budes, Comte de Guébriant, Marshal of France (b. 1602)
• November 29
  • William Cartwright, English dramatist (b. 1611)
  • Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer (b. 1567)
• December 8 – John Pym, English statesman (b. 1583)
• December 11 – Herman Wrangel, Swedish soldier and politician
• December 30 – Giovanni Baglione, Italian painter and historian of art (b. 1566)
• approx. date – Henry Glapthorne, English dramatist (b. 1610)
• date unkown – Sophia Brahe, Danish astronomer, horticulturalist (b. 1556)
• date unkown – Maria Pita, Spanish heroine (b. 1565)

References