1910–21 Australian region cyclone seasons

1910–11 cyclone season

Track map of the whole season

Cyclone 1

On 19 November 1911, a cyclone touched land in Western Australia when it had a minimum pressure of 965 hPa.[1]

Cyclone 2

Track of Cyclone #2

A long-lived weak cyclone formed in the Gulf of Carpenteria on 3 January, and made landfall with a pressure of 996 hPa.[1][2]

Cyclone 3

On 4 January 1911 a cyclone affected the Pilbara coast between Cossack and Onslow. The Glenbank was wrecked off Legendre Island with the loss of all but one of its crew. The cyclone crossed near Mardie station where nearly every outbuilding was levelled to the ground and 6000-gallon tanks were blown away.[3]

Cyclone 4

This cyclone affected Queensland.[1]

Cyclone 5

Cyclone 5 crossed the Cape York Peninsula.

Cyclone 6

This cyclone approached the Queensland coast near Townsville, Australia, but took a sharp turn away from the coast on 22 March.

Cyclone 7

The cyclone came ashore between Cape Upstart and Cape Bowling Green. The ship 'Yongala' was completely destroyed, with the loss of all 120 people on board.

1911-12 cyclone season

Unnamed tropical cyclone near Port Hedland (1912)

This cyclone crossed the coast just west of Balla Balla near Port Hedland and claimed well over 150 lives. It is almost certainly Australia's worst weather-related maritime disaster since Federation with the loss of the coastal steamer Koombana.[3]

1917-18 cyclone season

1918 Mackay cyclone

Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Australia
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 1,947 76.65 Peter 1979 Mount Bellenden Ker [4]
2 1,870 73.62 Rona–Frank 1999 Mount Bellenden Ker [4]
3 1,318 51.89 Wanda 1974 Mount Glorious [5]
4 1,256.8 49.48 Fletcher 2014 Kowanyama [6][7]
5 1,082 42.60 Aivu 1989 Dalrymple Heights [8]
6 1,065 41.93 May 1998 Burketown [9]
7 1,000 39.37 Justin 1997 Willis Island [10]
7 1,000 39.37 Ellie 2009 [11]
7 1,000 39.37 Oswald 2013 Tully [12]
8 927 36.50 Unnamed April 1898 Whim Creek [13][14]

The 1918 Mackay cyclone struck the city of Mackay, Queensland, Australia on 21 January 1918. It remains one of the most destructive cyclones to strike a populated centre in Australia.

The eye of the storm passed to the north of the city just after sunrise. During the height of the storm, barometric pressure was recorded at 932.6 hPa, one of the lowest recordings in Australia. However, the pressure was probably a lot lower, as the barometer would not go beyond 932.6 hPa, and the eye of the storm did not cross directly over Mackay where the measurement was taken. The meteorologist at the time stated that the barometer was at its maximum low reading for at least 30 minutes before the cyclone moved inland and away, allowing the pressure to finally rise. Few buildings in the centre of Mackay escaped without significant structural damage. The accompanying storm surge resulted in a sea-level-rise of 2.36 metres above the highest spring tide level, with one witness later recalling waves of 2–3 metres breaking in the main street.

Communication links into Mackay were destroyed. The outside world did not learn of the Mackay cyclone until five days after impact, leading to some speculation the city had been completely destroyed.

Record amounts of rainfall were recorded in Mackay, the totals to 9 a.m. are as follows:

The rainfall resulted in the Pioneer River's highest flood level at the time, which took 2 weeks to subside.

Damage wasn't limited to Mackay. In Rockhampton, over 350 km south of Mackay, houses lost their roofs and solid jacaranda trees were uprooted. Extensive structural damage was also reported in Yeppoon and Mount Morgan. Rainfall associated with the cyclonic system was responsible for the big Rockhampton Flood of 1918 in February.

A total of thirty people perished in the disaster, including two in Rockhampton and another in Yeppoon.

1918 Innisfail cyclone

The 1918 Innisfail cyclone made landfall in the area around Innisfail, Queensland, Australia on 10 March 1918. It was more severe than the earlier Mackay storm. Only 12 houses survived being unroofed or totally destroyed. Damage was also sustained in Cairns, 100 km to the north, and inland to the Atherton Tableland. A 3.6m storm surge was experienced to the south at Mission Beach. 37 people were killed in Innisfail, and an estimated 40 to 60 more in outlying areas. The lowest pressure recorded was 926hPa, but again, damage to recording equipment meant that no accurate minimum for the storm's center survived. Estimates place the figure below 910hPa.[15]

Following this destruction, the area experienced a period of prosperity in the local agricultural industries. This led to the construction of many buildings in a grand art-deco style.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "BOM Cyclone Database".
  2. ↑ "Untitled".
  3. 1 2 BoM – Tropical Cyclones affecting Karratha/Dampier
  4. 1 2 "Climate Education: Flood". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  5. ↑ Bureau of Meteorology. Tropical Cyclones in Queensland. Retrieved on 17 July 2015.
  6. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Fletcher Impacts". Bureau of Meteorology. Government of Australia. 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
  7. ↑ "Kowanyama, Queensland February 2014 Daily Weather Observations". Bureau of Meteorology. Government of Australia. 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  8. ↑ "Report on Severe Tropical Cyclone Aivu: Rainfall" (PDF). Bureau of Meteorology. Government of Australia. 6 June 1990. p. 17–18. Retrieved 13 March 2014.
  9. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone May". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2013. Retrieved 29 January 2013.
  10. ↑ Queensland Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (2014). "Tropical Cyclone Justin" (PDF). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Government of Australia. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  11. ↑ "Tropical Cyclone Ellie". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2009. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  12. ↑ Brian Williams and Peter Michael (24 January 2013). "Ex-cyclone Oswald heads south with heavy rain tipped for long weekend". Australian Associated Press. The Courier Mail. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  13. ↑ Tropical Cyclones Affecting the Karratha/Dampier/Roebourne region (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 4 August 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  14. ↑ Bureau of Meteorology. Tropical Cyclone Extremes. Retrieved on 2 January 2008.
  15. ↑ Historical Impacts Along The East Coast
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