1990 Batticaloa massacre

Batticaloa massacre or Sathurukondan massacre
Location Batticaloa, Sri Lanka
Coordinates 7°42′58″N 81°42′0″E / 7.71611°N 81.70000°E / 7.71611; 81.70000Coordinates: 7°42′58″N 81°42′0″E / 7.71611°N 81.70000°E / 7.71611; 81.70000
Date September 9, 1990 (+6 GMT)
Target Sri Lankan Tamil civilians
Attack type
 Cutting, Burning
Weapons Swords, Knives
Deaths 184
Non-fatal injuries
 1
Perpetrators Sri Lankan Army

The 1990 Batticaloa massacre, also known as the Sathurukondan massacre (Tamil: சத்துருக்கொண்டான் படுகொலை), was a massacre of at least 184 minority Sri Lankan Tamil refugees, including infants, from three villages in the Batticaloa District by the Sri Lankan Army on September 9, 1990.[1][2][3][4][5] Although the government instituted two investigations, no one was ever charged.

Background information

During the British colonial period, approximately 60% of the civil service jobs were held by the minority Sri Lankan Tamils, who constituted approximately 15% of the population prior to 1948. This was partly due to the availability of Western-style education provided by the Protestant American Ceylon Mission, Hindu revivalists, and local Catholic missions in the Tamil-dominated Jaffna peninsula. After gaining independence from Britain in 1948, Sinhalese politicians made the over-representation a political issue. They initiated measures aimed at correcting the over-representation by establishing ethnic quotas for university entrants. These measures, and a series of riots and pogroms starting from 1958 that targeted Sri Lankan Tamils and the resultant mass murder, displacements and refugees, led to the formation of rebel groups advocating independence for Sri Lankan Tamils. After the 1983 Black July pogrom, full-scale civil war erupted between the government and the rebel groups.[6] During the course of the civil war there were a number of massacres of civilians, war rapes, torture and enforced disappearances attributed to both the government and allied groups as well as the various rebel formations.

The massacre

The village of Sathurukondan lies just beyond Iruthayapuram, the northern suburb of Batticaloa. At 5:30 p.m. on September 9, 1990, armed men in uniform and in civilian clothes came into the area and ordered everyone to come on to the road. They were then marched to the army camp in the vicinity after being told that they would be questioned and released. Most of those who were left in the village that day were elderly, women and the very young.

According to the only survivor, Kanthasamy Krishnakumar (21), in a recording made before leading citizens in Batticaloa:

Fifty commandos walked about 150 of us to the Saturukondan army camp, which we reached about 7.00 or 8.00 p.m. Four were separated from the rest, attacked with swords and kris knives and were pulled away out of the camp. All were then taken to one place, attacked and burnt with tyres.[1]

Krishnakumar who was injured, managed to roll out of sight in the semi-darkness, crept away to a house and asked for water. He then went to his village and stayed in an empty house, and later found his way to his cousin's in Batticaloa town.

The list of victims totaled 184 (38 Sathurukondan, 47 Kokuvil, 37 Panniachchiady and 62 Pillayarady). Of this number, there were 47 children below the age of 10 and several women.[1][3][7]

Government investigation

Retired judge K. Palakidnar of the Special Presidential Commission of inquiry appointed by the People's Alliance government described the massacre in detail in his final report. According to the report of the commission of inquiry, 5 infants, 42 children under ten, 85 women and 28 old persons were among the 184 villagers who were murdered. The judge also identified three captains of the Sri Lankan Army: Warnakulasooriya, Herath and Wijenaike as the responsible parties. The judge in his report urged the Sri Lankan President that there is strong evidence for the massacre and that legal action should be taken against the perpetrators.[3][8]Although indictment levelled against alleged miscreants by the Human Rights Task Force, no action has been taken against the alleged perpetrators.[9][10]Within the Batticaloa district, during the late 1980s and early 1990s a total of 1,100 civilians disappeared, assumed killed.[11][12]

References

  1. 1 2 3 "The massacre at Sathurukondan: 9th September 1990 – Report 8". UTHR. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  2. ↑ "Chapter 45: War continues with brutality". Asia Times. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 "Batticaloa massacre victims remembered". Tamilnet. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  4. ↑ "Towards reconciliation". Dailynews. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  5. ↑ "World Report 2000: Sri Lanka". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  6. ↑ "Tamil Alienation". Russell R. Ross. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
  7. ↑ "Arrests and subsequent disappearances from the village of Sathurukondan and other Villages". Retrieved 4 July 2007.
  8. ↑ "Unanswered Questions About 1990 Operations in The East". UTHR-J. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  9. ↑ "Where is the Mass Grave of Vantharamoolai?". ACHRC. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  10. ↑ Cronin, Audrey (2009). How Terrorism Ends: Understanding the Decline and Demise of Terrorist Campaigns. Princeton University Press. p. 240. ISBN 0-691-13948-2. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
  11. ↑ "Graveyard for Disappeared Persons – Statistic for Batticaloa district". Retrieved 1 August 2006.
  12. ↑ "HRW report - Sri Lanka". HRW. Archived from the original on 14 February 2007. Retrieved 2007-02-02.
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