2006 World Men's Curling Championship

2006 World Men's Curling Championship
Host city Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
Arena Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell
Dates April 1-9, 2006
Winner  Scotland
Skip David Murdoch
Third Ewan MacDonald
Second Warwick Smith
Lead Euan Byers
Alternate Peter Smith
Coach Tom Pendreigh
Finalist  Canada
The Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell was the location of the Championship

The 2006 World Men's Curling Championship was held April 1-9, 2006 at the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Scotland, skipped by David Murdoch, won the tournament defeating Canada in the final.

Teams

 Australia  Canada  Denmark
Australia Curling Club

Skip: Hugh Millikin
Third: Ricky Tasker
Second: Mike Woloschuk
Lead: Stephen Johns
Alternate: Ian Palangio

 CC Victoria, Sainte-Foy and
CC Etchemin, Saint-Romuald

Skip: Jean-Michel Ménard
Third: François Roberge
Second: Éric Sylvain
Lead: Maxime Elmaleh
Alternate: Jean Gagnon

 Hvidovre CC, Hvidovre

Skip: Ulrik Schmidt
Third: Lasse Lavrsen
Second: Carsten Svensgaard
Lead: Joel Ostrowski
Alternate: Kenneth Jørgensen

 Finland  Germany  Ireland
Oulunkylä Curling, Helsinki

Skip: Markku Uusipaavalniemi***
Third: Kalle Kiiskinen
Second: Jani Sullanmaa
Lead: Teemu Salo
Alternate: Jari Rouvinen

 EC Oberstdorf, Oberstdorf

Skip: Sebastian Stock
Third: Daniel Herberg
Second: Markus Messenzehl
Lead: Patrick Hoffman
Alternate: Bernhard Mayr

 ICA National Team

Skip: Douglas Dryburgh
Third: Peter Wilson
Second: Robin Gray
Lead: John Kenny
Alternate: Peter J.D. Wilson

 Japan  Norway  Scotland
Tokoro CC, Tokoro

Skip: Yoshiyuki Ohmiya
Third: Makoto Tsuruga
Second: Tsuyoshi Ryutaki
Lead: Kazuhiko Ikawa
Alternate: Yuji Hirama

 Snarøen CC, Bærum

Skip: Thomas Ulsrud
Third: Torger Nergård
Second: Thomas Due
Lead: Jan Thoresen
Alternate: Christoffer Svae

 Lockerbie CC, Lockerbie

Skip: David Murdoch
Third: Ewan MacDonald
Second: Warwick Smith
Lead: Euan Byers
Alternate: Peter Smith

 Sweden   Switzerland  United States
Sundbybergs CK, Sundbyberg

Skip: Nils Carlsén
Third: Niklas Edin
Second: Marcus Hasselborg
Lead: Emanuel Allberg
Alternate: Daniel Tenn

 CC St. Galler Bär, St. Gallen

Skip: Ralph Stöckli
Third: Claudio Pescia
Second: Pascal Sieber
Lead: Simon Strübin
Alternate: Marco Battilana

 Bemidji CC, Bemidji

Skip: Pete Fenson
Third: Shawn Rojeski
Second: Joseph Polo
Lead: John Shuster
Alternate: Scott Baird

*** Finnish skip Markku Uusipaavalniemi missed the first three games with a wrist injury;[1] Kiiskinen skipped in his place. Markku returned April 3; threw second rocks in the early draw and third stones in the remainder of the competition.

Standings

Scoring for the tournament was done by CurlingZone.com. They calculated the player percentages differently than normal. They used a five-point system with a multiplier for degree of difficulty in shots.

Country Skip W L PF PA Ends
Won		 Ends
Lost		 Blank
Ends		 Stolen
Ends		 Shot
Pct.
 Scotland David Murdoch 9 2 82 54 55 40 10 23 85.7
 Canada Jean-Michel Ménard 8 3 77 63 52 4413 13 83.2
 Norway Thomas Ulsrud 7 4 75 61 48 44 16 13 79.3
 United States Pete Fenson 7 4 67 55 4340 23 13 82.1
 Sweden Nils Carlsén 6 5 80 63 43 46 15 982.8
 Switzerland Ralph Stöckli 6 5 68 59 47 39 15 1880.8
 Finland Markku Uusipaavalniemi 6 5 71 66 41 39 14 10 78.4
 Denmark Ulrik Schmidt 5 6 68 7042 4613 979.4
 Australia Hugh Millikin 5 6 66 74 474518 12 77.1
 Germany Sebastian Stock 4 7 41 6233 38 18 8 72.3
 Japan Yoshiyuki Ohmiya 2 9 40 64 33 46 14 3 71.6
 Ireland Douglas Dryburgh 1 10 47 84 3854 15 675.8

Results

Draw 1

April 1, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 8

 Scotland (Murdoch) 2 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 9

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 5

 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 6

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X 3

  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 3 X X 10

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 4

 Canada (Ménard) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 5

Draw 2

April 1, 16:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 3 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 2 9

 Germany (Stock) 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 6

 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 3 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 8

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 6

 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 2 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 8

 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 7

Draw 3

April 2, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 8

 Australia (Millikin) 1 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 1 9

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 2 0 7

 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 2 2 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 9

Draw 4

April 2, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 X X 4

 United States (Fenson) 0 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 X X 9

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 0 0 6

  Switzerland (Stöckli) 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 1 7

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 7

 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 4

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 2 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 X 8

 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 X 4

Draw 5

April 2, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 1 7

 Canada (Ménard) 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 5

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 2 8

 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 5

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 2 0 2 4 0 1 0 0 X X 9

 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 X X 4

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 X X 4

 Sweden (Carlsén) 3 0 4 0 0 2 0 1 X X 10

Draw 6

April 3, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 4

 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 1 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 6

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 1 0 0 2 0 2 1 2 X X 8

 Germany (Stock) 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 X X 3

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 7

  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 6

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 8

 Norway (Ulsrud) 1 0 2 0 1 0 1 3 0 1 9

Draw 7

April 3, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 6

 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 3

 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 6

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 2 2 8

 United States (Fenson) 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 5

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 1 0 1 0 1 0 X X X X 3

 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 2 0 2 0 5 X X X X 9

Draw 8

April 3, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 2 8

 Australia (Millikin) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 3

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 6

 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 3

 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 5

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 7

 Canada (Ménard) 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 2 0 0 8

Draw 9

April 4, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 X 3

 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 1 0 2 0 0 1 2 1 X 8

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 X X 4

 Australia (Millikin) 0 2 1 0 3 1 0 3 X X 10

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 6

 Canada (Ménard) 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 7

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 X 7

 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 X 4

Draw 10

April 4, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 5

 Norway (Ulsrud) 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 4

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 0 0 9

  Switzerland (Stöckli) 2 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 8

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 1 1 2 3 0 X X X X 8

 Germany (Stock) 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X X X 1

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 5

 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 1 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 9

Draw 11

April 4, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 3

 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 4

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 7

 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 5

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 3 X 9

 Ireland (Dryburgh) 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 0 X 5

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 2 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 9

 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 8

Draw 12

April 5, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 3 2 0 4 0 3 X X X X 12

 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 0 1 0 2 0 X X X X 3

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 X X 1

 United States (Fenson) 2 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 X X 7

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 1 0 3 0 0 3 1 2 X X 10

 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X 2

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 2 0 3 0 1 4 X X X 10

 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 X X X 1

Draw 13

April 5, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 X 3

 Sweden (Carlsén) 3 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 1 X 8

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 X 4

 Canada (Ménard) 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 X 7

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 4

 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 5

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 X 3

 Scotland (Murdoch) 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 X 7

Draw 14

April 5, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 4

 Germany (Stock) 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 5

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 9

 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 6

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 3 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 8

 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 5

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 3 0 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 9

  Switzerland (Stöckli) 3 0 1 0 1 2 0 2 0 1 10

Draw 15

April 6, 09:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 1 0 1 8

 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 2 0 5

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
  Switzerland (Stöckli) 1 0 2 1 3 0 1 X X X 8

 Ireland (Dryburgh) 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 X X X 2

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Germany (Stock) 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 6

 Denmark (Schmidt) 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 7

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 1 7

 United States (Fenson) 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 5

Draw 16

April 6, 14:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 6

  Switzerland (Stöckli) 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Australia (Millikin) 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 4

 Norway (Ulsrud) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 5

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 6

 Finland (Uusipaavalniemi) 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 4

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 2 3 0 1 0 0 2 X X 8

 Germany (Stock) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 X X 3

Draw 17

April 7, 19:00

Sheet A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 United States (Fenson) 1 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 6

 Canada (Ménard) 0 3 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 1 9

Sheet B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Denmark (Schmidt) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 1 0 8

 Sweden (Carlsén) 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 5

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Ireland (Dryburgh) 1 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 6

 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 3 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 7

Sheet D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Final
 Japan (Ohmiya) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 6

 Australia (Millikin) 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 1 1 0 1 7

Playoffs

Brackets

  Page playoffs Semifinal Final
                           
1   Scotland 2  
2   Canada 8         2   Canada 4
      1   Scotland 6   1   Scotland 7
  3   Norway 4  
3   Norway 8
4   United States 5  

1 vs. 2 game

April 7, 14:00

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 0 0 1 0 1 X X X X 2

 Canada (Ménard) 1 3 1 0 3 0 X X X X 8

Player Percentages
 Scotland  Canada
David Murdoch 52% Jean-Michel Ménard 89%
Ewan MacDonald 53% François Roberge 83%
Warwick Smith 80% Éric Sylvain 89%
Euan Byers 85% Maxime Elmaleh 85%
Total 67% Total 86%

3 vs. 4 game

April 7, 19:00

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 1 8

 United States (Fenson) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 5

Player Percentages
 Norway  United States
Thomas Ulsrud 87% Pete Fenson 76%
Torger Nergård 85% Shawn Rojeski 79%
Thomas Due 83% Joseph Polo 90%
Jan Thoresen 79% John Shuster 95%
Total 84% Total 85%

Semi-final

April 8, 13:00

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Scotland (Murdoch) 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 6

 Norway (Ulsrud) 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 4

Player Percentages
 Scotland  Norway
David Murdoch 75% Thomas Ulsrud 68%
Ewan MacDonald 68% Torger Nergård 69%
Warwick Smith 73% Thomas Due 68%
Euan Byers 74% Jan Thoresen 75%
Total 73% Total 70%

Final

April 9, 12:30

Sheet C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Final
 Canada (Ménard) 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 4

 Scotland (Murdoch) 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 1 7

Player Percentages
 Scotland  Canada
David Murdoch 87% Jean-Michel Ménard 76%
Ewan MacDonald 86% François Roberge 72%
Warwick Smith 82% Éric Sylvain 76%
Euan Byers 81% Maxime Elmaleh 85%
Total 84% Total 77%
2006 Ford World Curling Championship
Scotland
Scotland
4th title

Round-robin player percentages

Leads % Seconds % Thirds % Skips %
Canada Maxime Elmaleh 89 Scotland Warwick Smith 86 Scotland Ewan MacDonald 86 Scotland David Murdoch 87
Denmark Joel Ostrowski 84 United States Joe Polo 86 Sweden Niklas Edin 83 Finland Markku Uusipaavalniemi 85
Switzerland Simon Strübin 84 Canada Eric Sylvain 84 Switzerland Claudio Pescia 81 Norway Thomas Ulsrud 84
United States John Shuster 84 Sweden Marcus Hasselborg 84 United States Shawn Rojeski 81 Canada Jean-Michel Ménard 82
Sweden Emanuel Allberg 82 Switzerland Pascal Sieber 82 Switzerland Lasse Lavrsen 80 Sweden Nils Carlsén 82
Scotland Euan Byers 82 Denmark Carsten Svensgaard 79 Australia Ricky Tasker 79 United States Pete Fenson 80
Finland Teemu Salo 81 Ireland Robin Gray 77
Norway Jan Thoresen 80 Australia Mike Woloschuk 77
Norway Thomas Due 77

References

General
Specific
  1. ↑ "Finland Skip Sidelines With Wrist Injury". The Canadian Press. 2006-04-01. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 8/15/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.