2010 Gansu mudslide

2010 Gansu mudslide

Time	11 midnight CST
Date	8 August 2010 (2010-08-08)
Location	Gansu, China
Casualties
1,471 dead[1]
294 missing
Gansu mudslide Location of the Gansu mudslide

Coordinates: 33°47′N 104°22′E / 33.783°N 104.367°E / 33.783; 104.367 The 2010 Gansu mudslide was a deadly mudslide in Zhouqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China that occurred at 12 midnight on 8 August 2010. It was caused by heavy rainfall and flooding in Gansu Province.^[2][3] It was the most deadly individual disaster among the 2010 China floods as of 19 August 2010. The mudslides killed more than 1,471 people as of 21 August 2010, while 1,243 others have been rescued and 294 remain missing.^{[1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]} The missing were presumed dead as officials ordered locals to stop searching for survivors or bodies to prevent the spread of disease.^[11] Over 1,700 people evacuated have been living in schools.^[5]

Cause

The worst hit location was Zhugqu County, where mud submerged houses and tore multi-story blocks of flats to pieces. The seat of Zhouqu County was densely populated, with 50,000 people (42,000 of them are permanent population) in an area of 2 square kilometres (0.77 sq mi).^[12] After the heavy rain, there was a buildup of water behind a dam of debris blocking a small river to the north of the city of Zhugqu; when the dam broke, around 1,800,000 cubic metres (64,000,000 cu ft) of mud and rocks swept through the town, in a surge reported as up to five storeys high, covering more than 300 low-rise homes and burying at least one village entirely.^[13][14] The mudslide left an area 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long by 300 metres (980 ft) wide in average leveled by mud with average thickness of 5 meters (16 ft).^[15][16]

According to Gyurme Dorje's Tibet Handbook, the forest region of Zhugqu has, since the 1950s, "shrunk by 30% and the reserve of timber reduced by 25% due to overfelling. The sand in the river water has increased by 60%, and the water volume has reduced by 8%, resulting in increased flooding and drought." Furthermore, in this county there were between 47 and 53 hydroelectric construction projects in recent years, with 41 completed and 12 approaching deadline, according to government data. These together have caused 749,000 tons of water and soil erosion and over 3,000,000 cubic meters of bulldozed material. In 2006, a Lanzhou University report concluded that these projects have made the whole area a volatile danger-zone.^[17] The Christian Science Monitor reported that two science researchers had predicted the mudslides in 1997.^[18]

The People's Daily has argued that the mudslide was due to a "perfect storm" of natural events, including "soft" "weathered" rock, heavy rainfall and drought and the Sichuan earthquake two years before.^[19] Authorities dismissed claims that the mudslides were "man-made".^[20]

Relief

Gansu province has received 120,000,000 million Chinese yuan (US$17,000,700 million) by 13 August.^[8] Hong Kong and Macau both donated millions of dollars to Gansu, with Macau donating more than US$7 million,^[21][22][23] and the United States donated $50,000 to Zhugqu County.^[24] Gyaincain Norbu, China's 11th Panchen Lama choice, donated ¥50,000 to relief efforts and prayed for the victims.^[25]

Reaction

On 15 August, a day of mourning was observed, with flags lowered to half-mast at government buildings within China and at embassies in foreign countries. Additionally, all public and online entertainment was suspended, and major newspapers and internet sites were grayscaled. At the Expo 2010 in Shanghai, all activities were canceled. Such events are rare in China; only after an earlier earthquake in 2010 and the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in recent years have such periods of mourning been observed.^[10]

References