Aluminium iodide
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name
Aluminium iodide | |
Other names
Aluminium(III) iodide Aluminum iodide | |
Identifiers | |
7784-23-8 (anhydrate) 10090-53-6 (hexahydrate) | |
3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
ChemSpider | 74202 (anhydrate) |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.140 |
EC Number | 232-054-8 |
PubChem | 82222 (anhydrate) |
UN number | UN 3260 |
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Properties | |
AlI3 | |
Molar mass | 407.69495 g/mol (anhydrous) 515.786 g/mol (hexahydrate) |
Appearance | white powder but impure samples are often brown |
Density | 3.98 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.63 g/cm3 (hexahydrate) |
Melting point | 189.4 °C (372.9 °F; 462.5 K) (anhydrous) 185 °C, decomposes (hexahydrate) |
Boiling point | 360 °C (680 °F; 633 K) , sublimes |
reacts violently (anhydrous) soluble (hexahydrate) | |
Solubility in alcohol, ether | soluble (hexahydrate) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
verify (what is ?) | |
Infobox references | |
Aluminium iodide is any chemical compound containing only aluminium and iodine. Invariably, the name refers to a compound of the composition , formed by the reaction of aluminium and iodine[1] or the action of HI on Al metal. The hexahydrate is obtained from a reaction between metallic aluminum or aluminum hydroxide with hydrogen iodide or hydroiodic acid. Like the related chloride and bromide, is a strong Lewis acid and will absorb water from the atmosphere. It is employed as a reagent for the scission of certain kinds of C-O and N-O bonds. It cleaves aryl ethers and deoxygenates epoxides.[2]
Structure
Solid is dimeric, consisting of , similar to that of AlBr3.[3] The structure of monomeric and dimeric forms have been characterized in the gas phase.[4] The monomer, is trigonal planar with a bond length of 2.448(6) Å, and the bridged dimer, at 430 K is a similar to Al2Cl6 and Al2Br6 with bond lengths of 2.456(6) Å (terminal) and 2.670(8) Å (bridging). The dimer is described as floppy with an equilibrium geometry of D2h.
Aluminium(I) iodide
The name "aluminium iodide" is widely assumed to describe the triiodide or its dimer. In fact, a monoiodide also enjoys a role in the system, although the compound AlI is unstable at room temperature relative to the triiodide[5]
An illustrative derivative of aluminium monoiodide is the cyclic adduct formed with triethylamine, .
References
- ↑ G. W. Watt; J. L. Hall (1953). Inorganic Syntheses. IV. pp. 117–119.
- ↑ M. Gugelchuk (2004). Aluminum Iodide, in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette). New York: J. Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/047084289X.ra083.
- ↑ Troyanov, Sergey I.; Krahl, Thoralf; Kemnitz, Erhard (2004). "Crystal structures of GaX3(X= Cl, Br, I) and AlI3". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. 219 (2-2004): 88–92. doi:10.1524/zkri.219.2.88.26320. ISSN 0044-2968.
- ↑ Hargittai, Magdolna; Réffy, Balázs; Kolonits, Mária (2006). "An Intricate Molecule: Aluminum Triiodide. Molecular Structure of AlI3and Al2I6from Electron Diffraction and Computation". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 110 (10): 3770–3777. doi:10.1021/jp056498e. ISSN 1089-5639.
- ↑ Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35: 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.