Apley grind test

The Apley grind test or Apley test is used to evaluate individuals for problems in the meniscus of the knee.^[1]

In order to perform the test, the patient lies prone (face-down) on an examination table and flexes their knee to a ninety degree angle. The examiner then places his or her own knee across the posterior aspect of the patient's thigh. The tibia is then compressed onto the knee joint while being externally rotated. If this maneuver produces pain, this constitutes a "positive Apley test" and damage to the meniscus is likely. Lateral rotation tests for medial implications (meniscal during compression and ligamentous when distracting the tibia), Medial rotation tests for lateral implications again (meniscal during compression and ligamentous when distracting the tibia). Greater than 90 degrees of knee flexion will impinge more of the posterior horn, 90 degrees of knee flexion the medial meniscus and the closer to knee extension the further the anterior horn is being tested (< 90 degrees of knee flexion). Sensitivity 97% & Specificity 87%.

The Apley test is named for Alan Graham Apley^[2] (1914–1996), a British orthopedic surgeon.

References

↑ Solomon, D. H.; Simel, D. L.; Bates, D. W.; Katz, J. N.; Schaffer, J. L. (2001). "The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination". JAMA: the Journal of the American Medical Association. 286 (13): 1610–1620. doi:10.1001/jama.286.13.1610. PMID 11585485.
↑ Apley AG. The diagnosis of meniscus injuries. J Bone Joint Surg 1947; 29:78-84

Eponymous medical signs for skeletal system and joints

Joints

Arthropathy	osteoarthritis (Bouchard's nodes/Heberden's node) dermatomyositis (Gottron's papules) DeQuervain's syndrome (Finkelstein's test) anterior shoulder instability (Jobe's test) hip dysplasia Barlow's maneuver Ortolani test

Dorsopathy	low back pain (Waddell's signs) low back flexibility Ott test Schober test sacroiliitis (Larrey's sign)

Trauma/Orthopedics	Knee: ligament (Lachman test) meniscus Apley grind test McMurray test ligament and meniscus O'Donoghue's triad Ankle: tendon Simmonds' test Shoulder: rotator cuff Hawkins–Kennedy test ligament Neer impingement sign Jobe's test Watson's test

Skeletal/bone

bone tumor (Codman triangle)

osteochondritis dissecans (Wilson test)

Teeth

Hutchinson's teeth

Orthopedic surgery, operations/surgeries and other procedures on bones and joints (ICD-9-CM V3 76–81, ICD-10-PCS 0P–S)

Bones

Facial	Jaw reduction Dentofacial osteotomy Genioplasty/Mentoplasty Chin augmentation Orthognathic surgery

Spine	Coccygectomy Laminotomy Laminectomy Laminoplasty Corpectomy Facetectomy Foraminotomy Vertebral fixation Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Upper extremity	Acromioplasty

Lower extremity	Femoral head ostectomy Astragalectomy Distraction osteogenesis Ilizarov apparatus

General	Ostectomy Bone grafting Osteotomy Epiphysiodesis Reduction Internal fixation External fixation Tension band wiring

Cartilage

Joints

Spine	Arthrodesis Spinal fusion Intervertebral discs Discectomy Annuloplasty Arthroplasty

Upper extremity	Shoulder surgery Shoulder replacement Bankart repair Weaver–Dunn procedure Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction Hand surgery Brunelli procedure

Lower extremity	Hip resurfacing Hip replacement Rotationplasty Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Knee replacement/Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty Ankle replacement Broström procedure Triple arthrodesis

General	Arthrotomy Arthroplasty Synovectomy Arthroscopy Replacement joint imaging: Arthrogram Arthrocentesis

Orthopedic examination

General

Leg

Hip examination	Galeazzi test Allis test Barlow maneuver Ober's test Ortolani test Patrick's test Thomas test Trendelenburg's sign

Knee examination	Apley grind test Ballottement Clarke's test Drawer test Lachman test McMurray test Patellar tap Pivot-shift test Wilson test Valgus stress test

Foot & Ankle	Hubscher's maneuver Mulder's sign Simmonds' test Thompson test

Arm

Shoulder examination	Apprehension test Jobe's test Gerber's test Hawkins–Kennedy test Neer impingement sign O'Brien's test Speed's test Yergason's test

Elbow examination	Cozen's test Elbow extension test

Wrist & Hand	Durkan's test Finkelstein's test Froment's sign Lunotriquetral shear test Phalen maneuver Tinel sign Watson's test

Spine

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