Australian Shield

Australian Shield
Stratigraphic range: Archean[1]
Type Shield
Area 700,000 km2[1]
Thickness up to 4.5 kilometres (0 mi)
Location
Region Oceania
Country  Australia
Basic geological regions of Australia, by age.

The Australian Shield, also called the Western Australian Shield or Western Plateau, occupies more than half of the continent of Australia. The word shield is used because it refers to ancient, molten rock which has cooled and solidified.[2] The Australian Shield has a characteristic depth of 4.5 km and an estimated age of 2.8 to 3.5 billion years.[3][4] In places younger sedimentary rock covers the shield's Precambrian surface.[5]

Extent

It occupies the portion of Australia west of a line running north-south roughly from the eastern shore of Arnhem Land on the Bay or Gulf of Carpentaria to the Eyre Peninsula in the state of South Australia, and skirting to the west of the Simpson Desert in the interior. The plateau has an average elevation of between 305 and 460 m (1,001 and 1,509 ft). The shield is fractured into a number of distinct blocks, including two cratons - the Pilbara Craton in the North and the Yilgarn Craton in the Southwest. These two cratons are the oldest part of the shield, both of which have been dated at more than 2.3 billion years old.[6] Some of these blocks have been raised to form uplands; others have been depressed, forming lowlands and basins. The lowlands include the Great Sandy Desert, the Gibson Desert, the Great Victoria Desert and the Nullarbor Plain, which are located in the north-western, central, southern and south-eastern shield areas respectively. The Nullarbor (from Latin, “no trees”) is an arid, virtually uninhabited limestone plateau. Between the Western Australian Shield and the Great Dividing Range is the Great Artesian Basin region.

The uplands include, in Western Australia, the Hamersley and King Leopold ranges in the western and north-western coastal areas and the Darling Range inland from Perth in the far south-west.[4] The MacDonnell Ranges lie in the southern part of the Northern Territory and the Stuart and Musgrave Ranges are located in the north of the state of South Australia. Erosion and weathering have created striking, isolated rock formations called mesas or buttes in many parts of the shield, including the Kimberleys and Pilbara districts of Western Australia and Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory.

See also

Features

Terminology

Notes

  1. 1 2 Hunter, D.R. (1981). Precambrian of the Southern Hemisphere. Elsevier. p. 33. ISBN 0080869017. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  2. ↑ Barrett; Dent (1996). Australian Environments: Place, Pattern and Process. Macmillan Education AU. p. 4. ISBN 0732931207. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Condie, Kent C. (2011). Earth as an Evolving Planetary System. Academic Press. p. 29. ISBN 0123852285. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  4. 1 2 Dixon, Kingsley (2011). Coastal Plants: A Guide to the Identification and Restoration of Plants of the Perth Region. Csiro Publishing. p. 5. ISBN 0643102221. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  5. ↑ Singh, G. (2009). Earth Science Today. Discovery Publishing House. p. 31. ISBN 8183564380. Retrieved 13 June 2014.
  6. ↑ Twidale, C. R.; E. M. Campbell (2005). Australian Landforms. Rosenberg Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 1922013382. Retrieved 13 June 2014.

References

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