Battle of Fort Esperanza

Battle of Fort Esperanza Part of the American Civil War Date November 27–30, 1863 Location Cedar Bayou and Matagorda Island, Texas Result Union victory Belligerents United States (Union) CSA (Confederacy) Commanders and leaders Cadwallader C. Washburn William R. Bradfute Strength 2 brigades Detachments from: 8th Texas Infantry 5th Texas Militia Casualties and losses 1 killed 10 wounded 1 killed 10 captured

Banks' Texas Coast Operations Brownsville Mustang Island Fort Esperanza

Following the engagements of Brownsville and Mustang Island a Union expedition, led by Maj. Gen. Cadwallader C. Washburn, continued up the Texas coast toward Matagorda Island. On the north end of Matagorda Island lay Fort Esperanza commanded by Colonel William R. Bradfute with a garrison of detachments from his own 8th Texas Infantry and the 5th Texas Militia regiment as well as a few local militiamen from the area.^[1]

Leading General Washburn’s expedition was Brig. Gen. Thomas E. G. Ransom’s Federal brigade. On November 23 Ransom’s men had difficulty crossing Cedar Bayou due to light skirmishing and bad weather^[2] but once across they encamped to wait for the next Federal brigade under Colonel Henry D. Washburn to cross. On November 27 General Washburn arrived on the scene and ordered Ransom’s brigade up the center of the island while Colonel Washburn’s brigade moved on a parallel route along the coast.^[3] Washburn’s brigade reached Fort Esperanza first. The Federals encountered pickets from the 8th Texas Infantry who retreated within the fortification after a brief reconnoitering skirmish.^[4] Bad weather limited activity on November 28 to minor skirmishing and occasional artillery fire which produced no results for either side.^[5] On November 29 with Ransom’s brigade in place two Union batteries opened the fight with an artillery bombardment.^[6] Union infantry then drove in the Texas infantry from the exterior rifle pits while artillery continued with great accuracy against the Confederate defenses.^[7] Colonel Bradfute held a council of war that evening and decided to abandon the fort. Shortly after midnight on November 30 Bradfute’s men detonated the fort’s magazines, spiked the cannon and withdrew.^[8] The explosion signaled the Confederates’ evacuation and the Union force entered the fort only to realize the Confederate had already withdrawn. Two Indiana regiments were ordered to pursue the retreating garrison but managed only to capture an artillery piece used to guard the crossing point. Though much of the artillery and ammunition was destroyed General Washburn’s expedition succeeded in capturing the fort and found much needed supplies left behind. The Confederate suffered one killed and ten captured while the Union soldiers suffered 1 killed and ten wounded.^[9]

References

• Howell, Kenneth Wayne, ed. The Seventh Star of the Confederacy: Texas During the Civil War, University of North Texas Press, 2011
• Townsend, Stephen A., The Yankee Invasion of Texas, Texas A&M University Press, 2006

Texas in the American Civil War
Pre-War	History of slavery in Texas
1861	Ordinance of Secession
1862	Marshall Conferences Nueces Massacre Battle of Corpus Christi First Battle of Sabine Pass Battle of Galveston Harbor (1862) Great Hanging at Gainesville
1863	Battle of Galveston Second Battle of Sabine Pass Battle of Brownsville
1864	Battle of Laredo
1865	Battle of Dove Creek Battle of Palmito Ranch
Military Units	Texas Civil War Confederate units
Reconstruction	Juneteenth Texas v. White Andrew Hamilton