Böri Shad
Böri Shad (Old Turkic: 
, böri šad, simplified Chinese: 步利设; traditional Chinese: 步利設; pinyin: bùlì shè; Wade–Giles: pu-li she, "Wolf governor") was a title of an appointed head of province-type principality in the most-western North Caucasus periphery of the Western Turkic Kaganate. Within the lateral succession order of the kaganate, members of the ruling clan were successively given possessions in accordance with their rank in respect to the ruling Kagan. Accordingly, a succession of princes, or shads, occupied that position. The principality of Böri Shad originated in 558 CE, when Kara-Churin (later named Tardu or Tardush), a brother of the ruling kagan, campaigned in Ural and Volga regions, but the lands he captured were given to his junior brother Turksanf and his cousin Buri-khan. From 576 through 583 CE Tardu, fought with Byzantine, but instead of himself, he appointed a head of the campaign his cousin Böri Shad, whose possessions were in the N. Caucasus.[1]
According to Movses Kagankatvatsi, Böri Shad was a 7th-century Göktürk prince and an ishad or general in the army of the Western Turkic Khaganate. He was the son of Bagha Shad, who may have been the yabgu or prince of the Khazars.[2] Böri Shad's uncle was Tong Yabghu Khagan, the khagan of the Western Göktürks.[3]
Böri Shad was probably commander of the Khazar forces during the Third Perso-Turkic War in the Caucasus in 627-629. Under Böri Shad's command the Khazars sacked many cities in Caucasian Albania and attempted to establish a firm foothold in Transcaucasia.[3]
Following Tung Yabghu's instructions, Böri Shad suggested to the Persian satrap of Aghvania and to Catholicos Viro that they should acknowledge the Khagan as their overlord. The governor refused to pay homage to the Turks and fled to Persia. The Catholicos was also hesitant.
After the Turks started to plunder the cities, Viro escaped to the mountainous region of Artsakh, where the Turks managed to track him down. When asked to capitulate, the Catholicos summoned princes and potentates from across the country and asked them whether the Albanians should resist the invaders. It was decided that resistance was futile.
Viro personally brought the message of obedience and allegiance to Böri Shad, whose army encamped in the vicinity of Partav. The shad reproached Viro for his delays: "Why did you procrastinate with your visit? If only you were more expeditious, your country would have been spared the calamities brought about by my troops".
After paying homage to Böri Shad, the Catholicos asked him to free the Albanian prisoners. Böri Shad dispatched his bailiffs to search the tents. They found many young men hiding among the treasure and cattle and set them free.
In April 630 Böri Shad took advantage of dynastic disorders in the Sassanid Empire and dispatched Chorpan Tarkhan to conquer Armenia.[4] Although the campaign was successful, Böri Shad had to flee to Central Asia after learning about the murder of Tong Yabghu later that year.
Notes
- ↑ Gumilev, L.N. "Ancient Türks", Moscow, "Science", 1967, Ch.9 http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/OT/ot09.htm
- ↑ Artamanov 128; Pletnyeva 15-16.
- 1 2 Christian 283.
- ↑ Gumilev online
References
- Artamonov, Mikhail. Istoriya Khazar. Leningrad, 1962.
- Christian, David. A History of Russia, Mongolia and Central Asia. Blackwell, 1999.
- Golden, Peter Benjamin. Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1992.
- Gumilev, Lev. The Gokturks, 1st ed. Moscow: Nauka, 1967.
- Pletneva, Svetlana. Khazary, 2nd ed. Moscow: Nauka, 1986.