Raahe

Raahe
Town
Raahen kaupunki

Raahe Church and statue of Per Brahe

Coat of arms

Location of Raahe in Finland
Coordinates: 64°41′N 024°28′E / 64.683°N 24.467°E / 64.683; 24.467Coordinates: 64°41′N 024°28′E / 64.683°N 24.467°E / 64.683; 24.467
Country Finland
Region Northern Ostrobothnia
Sub-region Raahe sub-region
Charter 1649
Government
 • City manager Kari Karjalainen
Area (2011-01-01)[1]
 • Total 1,399.26 km2 (540.26 sq mi)
 • Land 528.49 km2 (204.05 sq mi)
 • Water 870.77 km2 (336.21 sq mi)
Area rank 77th largest in Finland
Population (2016-03-31)[2]
 • Total 25,126
 • Rank 46th largest in Finland
 • Density 47.54/km2 (123.1/sq mi)
Population by native language[3]
 • Finnish 98.5% (official)
 • Swedish 0.1%
 • Others 1.4%
Population by age[4]
 • 0 to 14 19.2%
 • 15 to 64 66.9%
 • 65 or older 13.9%
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 • Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Municipal tax rate[5] 20%
Website www.raahe.fi

Raahe (Swedish: Brahestad) is a town and municipality of Finland. Founded by Swedish statesman and Governor General of Finland Count Per Brahe the Younger in 1649, it is one of 10 historic wooden towns (or town centers) remaining in Finland. Examples of other Finnish historic wooden towns are Kaskinen (Kaskö), Old Rauma, Porvoo (Borgå), Jakobstad (Pietarsaari), and Vaasa (Vasa). After a devastating fire in 1810, Raahe was rebuilt adhering to new design principles which minimized the risk of fire and enlarged some civic spaces. Old Raahe is noted for its Renaissance-inspired rectilinear town plan featuring an unusual central-square (called Pekkatori) with closed corners.

Raahe is located on the northern shores of the Gulf of Bothnia in the Northern Ostrobothnia region. The municipality has a population of 25,126 (March 31, 2016)[2] and covers an area of 1,399.26 square kilometres (540.26 sq mi) of which 870.77 km2 (336.21 sq mi) is water.[1] The population density is 47.54/km2 (123.1/sq mi). Historically an agricultural and maritime region, Ostrobothnia supplied the largest number of immigrants from Finland to the US and other countries such as Canada and Australia during the great migration of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Founded as a Swedish-and-Finnish-speaking town, the municipality is now unilingually Finnish.

The asteroid 1786 Raahe was named after this town and municipality.

History

Seventeenth century history

Per Brahe the Younger established the city of Raahe in 1649.

Count Per Brahe the Younger, governor general, gave charter to the town of Salo in the year of 1649 with the purpose of constructing a town at Satamakangas, nearby the old harbour site. However, the harbour area had become so low that the future town was decided to be transferred. A new and better location was found further to the north, at the bay of Raahe. Having acquired the possession of the parish of Salo in 1652, Per Brahe renamed the town Brahestad or Raahe in Finnish.[6][7][8]

The planning of the town for the purpose of building Raahe was given to the surveyor Claes Claesson. His town plan followed the ideals of the regular grid plan of the Renaissance. All of the streets of Raahe were of equal width of 20-21 cubits or 10–11 meters. The market square stood by Rantakatu and the Town Hall behind the square. At the northeast corner of the town stood the church and the schoolhouse. Six blocks were realized of the town plan, i.e. the area surrounded by present-day Koulukatu, Kirkkokatu, Saaristokatu and Rantakatu. The later expansion and changes of the town have held the ambitions of Claesson's town plan in respect until the beginning of the latest century.[6][7]

The oldest picture still remaining of the town of Raahe, a seventeenth-century drawing, dates back to the year of 1659. It depicts the town as being surrounded by a so-called customs fence with two custom gates, the eastern one located outside of the crossroads of present-day Brahenkatu and Reiponkatu streets and the southern one at the end of Pitkäkatu street (present-day Kauppakatu street) approximately by present-day Koulukatu street. The busy harbour of the town was located on the shore by the customs warehouse, the present museum.[6][7]

There were two public buildings in Raahe: a handsome, admirable, two-story town hall with a tower, and a wooden church, whose construction had already begun in 1651. The church was given a weather boarding already in 1684-1685. This is one of the earliest examples of boarding known in Finland.[6][7]

The dwellings and houses were made from logs. As a rule, they were built close to the street facing plot boundary, the long side and the ridge of the roof parallel to the street. The unbuilt portion of the plot against the street was fitted up with a high, solid plank fence and a drive-in gate. The plots inside a block were not separated by fences. The average house usually consisted of one or two rooms, most of which were of the two-room cabin type. Almost every house in the drawing of Raahe has the most remarkable novelty of the Seventeenth century, the chimney. At the same time it was still quite common to have whole towns and villages with chimneyless houses, especially in Eastern Finland. Considered from the point of view of architectural history, at the time of its foundation Raahe was a quite modern town. As far as is known today, no buildings exist from the Seventeenth century.[6][7]

Economy

Raahe was granted Staple port rights in 1791, and was traditionally a harbor town. With industrialization, Raahe was reinvented as a steel and heavy industry city, and has further developed with engineering services, ICT and software production. Raahe is known for steel, heavy machinery, engineering works, shipping and ICT. The Rautaruukki steel mill, which up to the 1980s was the largest single industrial site in the Nordic countries, is located in Raahe. The mill produces steel plate, coil and sheeting and semifinished products for the engineering works.

Traditionally, Raahe was a port city. In the late Age of Sail, 1850s and on, shipping companies in Raahe owned Finland's largest fleet of sailing vessels, 60 in total at their height. Currently, the port of Raahe is the sixth busiest port in the country, with 700 ships visiting each year. Cargo that is transported through the port includes raw materials and loose cargo, steel, lumber, containers and contract-shipped goods.

With the steel industry, Raahe has grown into the third largest city in the ex-Oulu province, after Oulu and Kajaani. Like Oulu, the city promotes the ICT business, with the help of the steel industry (ProMetal and Steelpolis) and ICT industry (Softpolis) business incubators/business parks.

The municipal tax rate is 19.75%. In 2007, the structure of the economy was as follows: agriculture and forestry 1%, construction 6%, manufacturing 43%, and retail, services and public services 50%. The sub-region includes the municipalities of Pyhäjoki and Siikajoki.

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

Raahe is twinned with:

References

Notes
  1. 1 2 "Area by municipality as of 1 January 2011" (PDF) (in Finnish and Swedish). Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 9 March 2011.
  2. 1 2 "Ennakkoväkiluku sukupuolen mukaan alueittain, maaliskuu.2016" (in Finnish). Statistics Finland. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 29 March 2009.
  4. ↑ "Population according to age and gender by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 28 April 2009.
  5. ↑ "List of municipal and parish tax rates in 2011". Tax Administration of Finland. 29 November 2010. Retrieved 13 March 2011.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 https://www.oamk.fi/english/ects/docs/history_of_raahe.doc
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Raahe Tourist Office
  8. ↑ "Frontpage | Raahen kaupunki". www.raahe.fi. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
  9. ↑ "Twin cities of the City of Kosice". Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. Retrieved 2013-07-27.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 7/18/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.