Borough president

Borough President Party
The Bronx Ruben Diaz Jr. Democratic
Brooklyn Eric Adams Democratic
Manhattan Gale Brewer Democratic
Queens Melinda Katz Democratic
Staten Island James Oddo Republican

A borough president is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. Borough presidents currently have little power in New York City government and generally serve as ceremonial leaders who advocate for their boroughs on key issues.

Borough presidents advise the Mayor, comment on land-use items in their borough, advocate borough needs in the annual municipal budget process, appoint community boards, chair the borough boards, and serve as ex officio members of various boards and committees. They generally act as advocates for their boroughs at the mayoral agencies, the city council, the New York State government, public corporations, and private businesses. Their authorizing law is codified in title 4, sections 81 to 85 of the New York City Charter,[1] while their regulations are compiled in title 45 of the New York City Rules.

Roles and responsibilities

Borough presidents currently have a relatively small discretionary budget for projects within their boroughs. They advise the Mayor on issues relating to their boroughs, comment on land-use items in their boroughs, advocate for their boroughs' needs in the annual municipal budget process, appoint community boards, chair the boroughs' boards, and serve as ex officio members of various boards and committees. They also act as advocates for their boroughs at mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York State government, public corporations, and private businesses. Borough presidents are currently elected by popular vote to four-year terms, and can serve up to three consecutive terms (12 years).[2]

Borough presidents influence the Uniform Land Use Review Procedure (ULURP) by appointing NYC community boards and voting on the applications.[3] The staff of boroughwide economic development corporations are often closely aligned with the borough president, and work closely with the New York City Economic Development Corporation, the primary coordinating agency of city-sponsored economic development.[3]

Borough Boards

Each of the five boroughs has a borough board.[4] They are composed of the borough president, council members from the borough, and the chairperson of each community board in the borough.[4] The borough boards can hold or conduct public or private hearings, adopt by-laws, prepare comprehensive and special purpose plans and make recommendations for land use and planning, mediate disputes and conflicts among two or more community districts, submit comprehensive statements of expense and capital budget priorities and needs, evaluate the progress of capital developments and the quality and quantity of services provided by agencies, and otherwise consider the needs of the borough.[5]

Community Boards

Each of the fifty-nine community districts has a community board composed of up to 50 volunteer members appointed by the borough president, half from nominations by City Council members representing the community district (i.e., whose council districts cover part of the community district).[6][7] Community boards advise on land use and zoning, participate in the city budget process, and address service delivery in their district.[8] Community boards act in an advisory capacity, and have no authority to make or enforce laws.[7][8]

History

On January 1, 1898, the boroughs of Manhattan, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Queens, and Richmond were created and consolidated into a single entity called the "City of New York." As part of the consolidation, all town and county governments within the city were dissolved, and their powers were given to the city and the boroughs.[9][10] Manhattan and the Bronx comprised New York County, Brooklyn was the same as Kings County, the borough of Queens was the western one-third of Queens County, and the borough of Richmond was the same as Richmond County. The boroughs assumed most county functions, but did not replace them. The five offices of borough president were created to administer many of the previous responsibilities of the mayors of Brooklyn and Long Island City, the executive branch functions of the towns in Queens and Richmond, and various county functions.

Memorial to Joseph Guider, Borough President of Brooklyn

The eastern two-thirds of Queens County was not part of the borough of Queens. On January 1, 1899, the New York State Legislature partitioned Queens County, forming Nassau County from the easternmost three towns — Oyster Bay, Hempstead (except the Rockaway peninsula portion), and North Hempstead, covering about 280 square miles (730 km2).[11] On April 19, 1912, the New York State Legislature passed a law forming Bronx County from part of New York County on January 1, 1914, with the latter then becoming the same as the Borough of Manhattan.[12]

The initial city charter established the five borough president offices with terms of four years, coinciding with the term of the Mayor. The salaries of the presidents of Manhattan, the Bronx, and Brooklyn were $5,000, and those of Queens and Richmond were $3,000. The borough presidents were subject to removal for cause by the mayor, with approval by the governor, and a replacement elected by the borough's aldermen and councilmen. Powers included membership and voting on the their borough's local boards (although without veto powers), an office in the borough hall, and appointive powers for a secretary, assistants, and clerks, which quickly became a source of political patronage. Along with the mayor, the comptroller and the president of the City Council, each of whom had two votes, the borough presidents each had one vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which decided matters ranging from budgets to land use.[13]

In a later writer's words, the offices of the borough presidents were created to preserve "local pride and affection for the old municipalities" after consolidation.[14]

Borough presidents gradually gained more authority, assisting in the formulation of more aspects of the city budget and controlling land use, contracts, and franchise powers. Officials of political parties sometimes rewarded faithful public servants with nomination to the borough president position in primary elections, or election of an interim borough president via the aldermen or councilmen whose votes they controlled, in return for political patronage. The borough presidents positions were also sometimes stepping-stones to other elective offices such as judgeships. and in the case of Robert F. Wagner, Jr., mayor, although some borough presidents served for decades.

On March 22, 1989, the Supreme Court of the United States, in Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris (489 U.S. 688) unanimously declared the New York City Board of Estimate, which had no parallel anywhere else in the United States, unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the city's most populous borough, with a population of 2.2 million at the time, had the same representation on the board as Staten Island, the city's least populous borough, with 350,000 residents, and therefore was a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.[13][15]

The city charter was quickly revised and passed in a referendum that fall, and the Board of Estimate was abolished. The offices of the borough presidents were retained, but with greatly reduced power. The borough budgets became the responsibility of the mayor and City Council. Borough presidents currently have a relatively small discretionary budget for projects within their boroughs. The last significant power of the borough presidents, to appoint members of the New York City Board of Education, was abolished when the Board of Education became the Department of Education on June 30, 2002.

The two major remaining appointments of the borough presidents are one member each on the City Planning Commission[16] and one member each of the Panel for Educational Policy. Borough presidents generally adopt specific projects to promote while in office, but since 1990, have been mainly the ceremonial leaders. Officially, they advise the Mayor on issues relating to their boroughs, comment on land-use items in their boroughs, advocate for their boroughs' needs in the annual municipal budget process, appoint community boards, chair the boroughs' boards, and serve as ex officio members of various boards and committees. They also act as advocates for their boroughs at mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York State government, public corporations, and private businesses.

List of borough presidents

Manhattan Borough Presidents

# Borough President Party Dates in Office Notes
1 Augustus W. Peters
(1844–1898) 		Democratic January 1, 1898–
December 29, 1898
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[17]
  • died in office[18]
vacant December 29, 1898 – January 5, 1899
2 James J. Coogan
(1845–1915) 		Democratic January 5, 1899–
December 31, 1901
  • elected unanimously on January 5, 1899 by the Manhattan councilmen and aldermen after Peters' death[19]
  • did not run for re-election
3 Jacob A. Cantor
(1854–1921) 		Fusion January 1, 1902–
December 31, 1903
  • elected by popular vote to a two-year term[20][21]
  • did not run for re-election
4 John F. Ahearn
(1853–1920) 		Democratic January 1, 1904–
December 29, 1909
  • elected by popular vote to two two-year terms[22][23][24]
  • removed by Governor Charles Evans Hughes for failure to perform his duties,[25] but was re-elected as his own replacement by a 24-12 vote of the Manhattan aldermen[26] and managed to stay in office by legal challenges until the Court of Appeals ruled against him near the end of his term[27][28]
— John Cloughen
(interim)
(died 1911) 		Democratic December 30, 1909–
December 31, 1909
  • acted in place of Ahearn for much of December[29][30]
  • elected unanimously as a replacement on the eighth ballot by the aldermen from Manhattan[31]
5 George McAneny
(1869–1953) 		Fusion/Democratic January 1, 1910–
December 31, 1913
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[32]
  • did not run for re-election[33][34]
6 Marcus M. Marks
(1858–1934) 		Republican January 1, 1914–
December 31, 1917
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[33][34]
  • did not run for re-election
7 Frank L. Dowling
(c. 1865–1919) 		Democratic January 1, 1918–
September 27, 1919
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[35]
  • died in office[36]
— Michael F. Loughman
(acting)
(c. 1867–1937) 		Democratic September 27, 1919–
October 16, 1919
  • became acting borough president upon Dowling's death[37]
8 Edward F. Boyle
(c. 1876–1943) 		Democratic October 16, 1919–
November 17, 1919
  • elected interim borough president by the alderman of Manhattan to serve the remainder of the year[38]
  • resigned to become chairman of the New York State Industrial Commission[39]
— Michael F. Loughman
(acting)
(c. 1867–1937) 		Democratic November 17, 1919–
December 31, 1919
  • became acting borough president again upon Boyle's resignation[40]
9 Henry H. Curran Republican January 1, 1920–
December 31, 1921
  • elected by popular vote for the remainder of Dowling's term[41][42]
10 Julius Miller
(1880–1955) 		Democratic January 1, 1922–
December 31, 1930
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[43][44][45][46][47][48]
  • resigned after winning election as a justice of New York Supreme Court[49]
11 Samuel Levy
(1876–1953) 		Democratic January 16, 1931–
December 31, 1937
  • elected interim borough president for the remainder of the year by a 20-3 vote of the aldermen of Manhattan[50]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[51]
  • did not run for re-election in 1937 (ran for president of the City Council instead, and lost in both the Democratic and Republican primaries)[52]
12 Stanley M. Isaacs
(1882–1962) 		Republican January 1, 1938–
December 31, 1941
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[53][54]
  • denied renomination on the Republican ticket in 1942 by the party committee (ran for election to the City Council on the Fusion and Citizen's Non-Partisan lines instead and won)[55][56][57]
13 Edgar J. Nathan
(1891–1965) 		Republican January 1, 1942–
December 31, 1945
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[58][59][60]
  • lost popular vote for re-election in 1945[61]
14 Hugo E. Rogers
(1899–1974) 		Democratic January 1, 1946–
December 31, 1949
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[61][62]
  • did not seek renomination in 1949[63]
15 Robert F. Wagner, Jr.
(1910–1991) 		Democratic January 1, 1950–
December 31, 1953
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[64]
  • did not run for re-election in 1953 (ran for Mayor instead, and won)
16 Hulan E. Jack
(1906–1986) 		Democratic January 1, 1954–
January 16, 1961
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[65][66]
  • automatically removed when sentenced for criminal convictions for conspiracy and conflict of interest[67]
— Louis A. Cioffi
(acting) 		Democratic January 16, 1961–
January 31, 1961
  • became acting borough president upon Jack's sentencing[67]
17 Edward R. Dudley
(1911–2005) 		Democratic January 31, 1961–
January 4, 1965
  • elected interim borough president with a 4-2 vote by the six members of the City Council from Manhattan for the remainder of Jack's term[68]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[69]
  • resigned to take the seat as a justice on the New York State Supreme Court that he had won in the November 1964 election[70][71]
— Earl Louis Brown
(acting)
(1903–1980) 		Democratic January 4, 1965–
February 24, 1965
  • became acting borough president upon Dudley's resignation
18 Constance Baker Motley
(1921–2005) 		Democratic February 24, 1965–
September 8, 1966
  • elected interim borough president with a 5-3 vote by the members of the City Council from Manhattan for the remainder of Dudley's term[72]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[73]
  • appointed as a federal judge[74][75]
— Leonard N. Cohen
(acting) 		Democratic September 8, 1966–
September 13, 1966
  • became acting borough president upon Motley's resignation[75]
19 Percy E. Sutton
(1920–2009) 		Democratic September 13, 1966–
December 31, 1977
  • elected by the City Council members of Manhattan to replace Motley for the remainder of the year[76]
  • elected by popular vote to the remainder of Motley's term[77]
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[78][79]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Mayor instead, and was defeated in the Democratic primary election)[80]
20 Andrew Stein
(born 1945) 		Democratic January 1, 1978–
December 31, 1985
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[80][81][82]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for City Council President president instead, and won)
21 David Dinkins
(born 1927) 		Democratic January 1, 1986–
December 31, 1989
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[83]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Mayor instead, and won)[84]
22 Ruth Messinger
(born 1941) 		Democratic January 1, 1990–
December 31, 1997
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[85][86]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Mayor instead, and lost in the general election)
23 C. Virginia Fields
(born 1946) 		Democratic January 1, 1998 – December 31, 2005
  • elected by popular vote two four-year terms[87][88]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Mayor instead, and lost in the Democratic primary election)
24 Scott Stringer
(born 1960) 		Democratic January 1, 2006–
December 31, 2013
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[89][90]
  • did not run for re-election (ran for Comptroller instead, and won)
25 Gale Brewer
(born 1951) 		Democratic January 1, 2014
–current
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[91]

Bronx Borough Presidents

# Borough President Party Dates in Office Notes
1 Louis M. Haffen
(1854–1935) 		Democratic January 1, 1898–
August 29, 1909
2 John F. Murray
(1862–1928) 		Democratic August 29, 1909–
December 31, 1909
  • became acting borough president upon the removal of Haffen, then was elected interim borough president for the remainder of Haffen's term by a unanimous vote of the eight aldermen of the Bronx[93]
  • did not run for re-election[32]
3 Cyrus C. Miller
(1866–1956) 		Democratic January 1, 1910–
December 31, 1913
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[32]
  • retired and did not run for re-election in 1913[94]
4 Douglas Mathewson
(?1870–1948) 		Republican/Fusion January 1, 1914–
December 31, 1917
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[33][95]
  • did not run for re-election in 1917 (ran for a City Court judge position instead, and won)[96]
5 Henry Bruckner
(1871–1942) 		Democratic January 1, 1918–
December 31, 1933
6 James J. Lyons
(1890–1966) 		Democratic January 1, 1934–
January 2, 1962
7 Joseph F. Periconi
(1910–1994) 		Republican/Liberal/
Brotherhood 		January 2, 1962–
December 28, 1965
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[69][101]
  • lost re-election by popular vote to Badillo in 1966[102]
8 Herman Badillo
(1929-2014) 		Democratic December 28, 1965–
December 31, 1969
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[102][103]
  • did not run for re-election in 1969 (ran for Mayor instead, and lost in the Democratic primary[104][78]
9 Robert Abrams
(born 1938) 		Democratic January 1, 1970–
December 31, 1978
vacant January 1, 1979–
January 5, 1979
10 Stanley Simon Democratic January 5, 1979–
March 11, 1987
  • elected by a 5-1-1 vote of the members of the City Council from the Bronx[107]
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[82][83]
  • resigned prior to being indicted in the Wedtech scandal[108]
— Cecil P. Joseph
(acting) 		Democratic March 11, 1987–
April 15, 1987
  • became acting borough president upon Simon's resigation[109]
11 Fernando Ferrer
(born 1950) 		Democratic April 15, 1987–
December 31, 2001
  • elected by a 5-to-1 vote of the City Council members from the Bronx to replace Simon[110][111]
  • elected by popular vote to four four-year terms[85][86][87]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2001 because of term limits[88]
12 Adolfo Carrión, Jr.
(born 1961) 		Democratic January 1, 2002–
February 19, 2009
— Earl D. Brown
(acting) 		Democratic February 19, 2009–
May 21, 2009
  • became acting borough president upon Carrión's resignation[113]
13 Ruben Diaz, Jr.
(born 1973) 		Democratic May 21, 2009–
current
  • elected by popular vote in a special election to replace Carrion[114][115]
  • re-elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[116][117]

Brooklyn Borough Presidents

# Borough President Party Dates in Office Notes
1 Edward M. Grout
(1861–1931) 		Democratic January 1, 1898–
December 31, 1901
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[17][118]
  • did not run for re-election[119]
2 J. Edward Swanstrom
(1853–1911) 		Fusion January 1, 1902–
December 31, 1903
  • elected by popular vote to a two-year term[20][120]
  • lost election to Littleton[121]
3 Martin W. Littleton
(1872–1934) 		Democratic-Independent January 1, 1904–
December 31, 1905
  • elected by popular vote to a two-year term[121][122]
  • did not run for re-election
4 Bird S. Coler
(1867–1941) 		Municipal Ownership League January 1, 1906–
December 31, 1909
5 Alfred E. Steers
(c. 1861–1948) 		Democratic-Independent January 1, 1910–
December 31, 1913
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[32][126]
  • did not run for re-election
6 Lewis H. Pounds
(1861–1947) 		Republican/Fusion January 1, 1914–
December 31, 1917
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[33][34][127]
  • lost popular vote for re-election to Riegelmann[35]
7 Edward J. Riegelmann
(1870–1941) 		Democratic January 1, 1918–
December 31, 1924
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[35][128][43][44]
  • resigned to become a New York State Supreme Court justice[129]
8 Joseph A. Guider
(1870–1926) 		Democratic January 1, 1925–
September 22, 1926
  • elected interim borough president December 31, 1924 by a 21-3 vote of the Brooklyn aldermen for the remainder of Riegelmann's term[129]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term November 3, 1925[45][46]
  • died September 22, 1926[130]
9 James J. Byrne
(1863–1930) 		Democratic September 22, 1926–
March 14, 1930
  • became acting borough president upon Guider's death[131]
  • elected interim borough president September 30, 1926 by a unanimous vote of the Brooklyn aldermen[132]
  • nominated by the Kings County Democratic Coummittee to replace Guider on the general election ballot and elected by popular vote to serve the remainder of Guider's term[133]
  • re-elected by popular vote to a four-year term[47]
  • died March 14, 1930[134]
10 Henry Hesterberg
(c. 1882–1950) 		Democratic March 14, 1930–
December 11, 1933
  • became acting borough president during Byrne's final illness[135] and then elected interim borough president April 2, 1930 by a unanimous 23-0 (with one absent) vote of the Brooklyn aldermen[136]
  • elected by popular vote November 4, 1930 to the remainder of Byrne's term[137][138]
  • lost re-election popular vote to Ingersoll[51]
  • resigned about two weeks before the end of his term to accept a position on the city Water Board[139]
11 Peter A. Carey
(interim)
(c. 1873-1940) 		Democratic December 13, 1933–
December 31, 1933
  • elected interim borough president by the Brooklyn aldermen December 13, 1933 after Hesterberg's resignation[140][141]
12 Raymond V. Ingersoll
(1875–1940) 		Democratic/Fusion January 1, 1934–
February 24, 1940
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[51][142][53]
  • died in office during second term[143]
— Arthur R. Ebel
(acting) 		Democratic February 24, 1940–
March 4, 1940
  • served as acting borough president during Ingersoll's final illness and after his death until Cashmore was elected[144][145]
13 John Cashmore
(1895–1961) 		Democratic March 4, 1940–
May 7, 1961
  • elected interim borough president by a 4-2 vote of the City Council members from Brooklyn, with one abstention that was his own vote[146]
  • elected by popular vote November 5, 1940 to the remainder of Cashman's term, then re-elected by popular vote to five four-year terms[147][58][61][62][64][65][66]
  • died May 7, 1961[148]
14 John F. Hayes
(interim)
(1915–2001) 		Democratic May 7, 1961–
July 6, 1961 (acting)
July 6, 1961–
December 31, 1961
(interim)
  • became acting borough president upon Cashmore's death, elected interim borough president by the members of the City Councilmen from Brooklyn[148][149]
  • did not run for election
15 Abe Stark
(1894–1972) 		Democratic January 1, 1962–
September 8, 1970
16 Sebastian Leone
(1924–2016) 		Democratic September 9, 1970–
December 31, 1976
  • elected interim borough president by the eleven Brooklyn councilmen[152][153]
  • re-elected by popular vote to a four-year term[79]
  • resigned to become a New York State Supreme Court justice[154]
17 Howard Golden
(born 1925) 		Democratic January 3, 1977–
December 31, 2001
  • elected interim borough president for the remainder of Leone's term by an 11-0 vote of the thirteen City Council members from Brooklyn (two were not present)[155]
  • re-elected by popular vote to six four-year terms[80][81][82][83][85][87]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2013 because of term limits[88]
18 Marty Markowitz
(born 1945) 		Democratic January 1, 2002–
December 31, 2013
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[88][89][156]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2013 because of term limits[157]
19 Eric Adams
(born 1960) 		Democratic January 1, 2014
–current
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[157][158]

Queens Borough Presidents

# Borough President Party Dates in Office Notes
1 Frederick Bowley
(1851–1916) 		Democratic January 1, 1898–
December 31, 1901
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[17]
  • did not run for re-election
2 Joseph Cassidy
(c.1866–1920) 		Democratic January 1, 1902–
December 31, 1905
  • elected by popular vote to two two-year terms[20][22]
  • lost popular vote in 1905[23][159]
3 Joseph Bermel
(1860–1921) 		Democratic January 1, 1906–
April 29, 1908
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[23][159]
  • resigned while under investigation for corruption[160]
4 Lawrence Gresser
(1851–1935) 		Democratic April 30, 1908–
September 27, 1911
  • elected by a 3-2 vote of the five aldermen from Queens to replace Bermel for the remainder of his term[161]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[32]
  • removed by Governor John A. Dix for "inefficiency, incompetency, and neglect of duty"[162]
vacant September 27, 1911–
October 4, 1911
5 Maurice E. Connolly
(1881–1935) 		Democratic October 4, 1911–
April 2, 1928
  • elected by a 3-2 vote of the five aldermen from Queens to replace Gresser for the remainder of his term[163]
  • re-elected by popular vote to four four-year terms[33][35][43][44][45][46][34]
  • resigned while under investigation for official conspiracy[164]
— Michael J. Shugrue
(acting) 		Democratic April 2, 1928–
April 18, 1928
  • became acting borough president upon Cassidy's resignation[164]
6 Bernard M. Patten Democratic April 18, 1928–
December 31, 1928
  • elected interim borough president for the remainder of the year by a 4-1 vote of the six aldermen from Queens (one not voting)[165]
  • lost popular vote to serve the remainder of Connolly's term[166]
7 George U. Harvey
(c. 1881–1946) 		Republican January 1, 1929–
December 31, 1941
  • elected by popular vote to serve the remainder of Connolly's term[166][167]
  • re-elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[47][51][53]
  • lost by popular vote in the 1941 election[58]
8 James A. Burke
(1890–1965) 		Democratic January 1, 1942–
December 31, 1949
9 Maurice A. FitzGerald
(1897–1951) 		Democratic January 1, 1950–
August 25, 1951
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[64]
  • died in office[171]
10 Joseph F. Mafera
(1895–1967) 		Democratic August 25, 1951–
September 5, 1951
(acting)
September 5, 1951–
December 31, 1951
(interim)
  • became acting borough president upon Fitzgerald's death[172]
  • elected interim borough president by a unanimous vote of the four members of the City Council from Queens[173]
  • did not run for re-election[174] and was named to the City Tax Commission by the Mayor[175]
11 James A. Lundy
(1903–1973) 		Republican January 1, 1952–
December 31, 1957
  • elected by popular vote to the remainder of FitzGerald's term[176][177][178]
  • re-elected by popular vote to a four-year term[65]
  • lost re-election to Crisona in 1957[66]
12 James J. Crisona
(1907–2003) 		Democratic January 1, 1958–
January 1, 1959
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[66][179]
  • resigned to accept the seat as a justice on the New York State Supreme Court that he had won in the November 1958 election[180][181][182]
vacant January 1, 1959–
January 5, 1959
13 John T. Clancy
(1903–1985) 		Democratic January 5, 1959–
January 1, 1963
  • elected interim borough president for the remainder of the year by a 4-0 vote of the seven City Council from Queens, with one abstention[181]
  • elected by popular vote to serve the remainder of Crisona's term[183]
  • resigned to accept the position as Surrogate Court Judge that he had won in the November 1962 election[184]
14 Mario J. Cariello
(1907–1985) 		Democratic January 2, 1963–
January 1, 1969
  • elected interim borough president by a unanimous vote of the five members of the City Council from Queens[185]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[73]
  • resigned to accept the position as a justice on the New York Supreme Court that he had won in the November 1968 election[186][187]
15 Sidney Leviss
(1917–2007) 		Democratic January 3, 1969–
September 18, 1971
  • acting borough president upon Cariello's resignation, then elected interim borough president for the remainder of the year by a 5-0 vote of the seven City Council from Queens, with two abstentions[187]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[78]
  • resigned to run for a seat on the New York State Supreme Court[188]
16 Donald R. Manes
(1934–1986) 		Democratic September 22, 1971–
February 11, 1986
  • elected by the seven members of the City Council from Queens to replace Leviss until the end of the year[189]
  • re-elected by popular vote to the remainder of Leviss' term[190]
  • re-elected by popular vote to four four-year terms[79][80][81][82][83]
  • resigned during a corruption investigation in advance of his indictment,[191] committed suicide a month later[192]
17 Claire Shulman
(born 1926) 		Democratic February 11, 1986–
December 31, 2001
  • became acting borough president upon Manes' resignation[191]
  • elected unanimously by the nine City Council representatives from Queens to replace Manes until the end of the year[193]
  • elected by popular vote to fill the remainder of Manes' term[194]
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[85][87]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2001 because of term limits[88]
18 Helen M. Marshall
(born 1929) 		Democratic January 1, 2002–
December 31, 2013
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[88][89][195]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2013 because of term limits
19 Melinda Katz
(born 1965) 		Democratic January 1, 2014–
current
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[196]

Richmond/Staten Island Borough Presidents

The Borough of Richmond was renamed the Borough of Staten Island in 1975. The county is still named Richmond County.

# Borough President Party Dates in Office Notes
1 George Cromwell
(1860–1934) 		Republican May 24, 1898–
December 31, 1913
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term but not sworn into office until May because the election results were disputed and appealed[20][23][32][197][198]
  • re-elected two two-year terms and two four-year terms[22]
2 Charles J. McCormack
(1865–1915) 		Democratic January 1, 1914–
July 11, 1915
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[33]
  • died in office[199]
— Spire Pitou, Jr.
(acting
(c. 1874–1946 		Democratic July 11, 1915–
July 29, 1915
  • became acting borough president upon McCormack's death[200]
3 Calvin D. Van Name
(1857–1924) 		Democratic July 29, 1915–
December 31, 1921
  • elected by the three aldermen from Staten Island to serve the remainder of McCormack's term[201]
  • re-elected by popular vote to a four-year term[35]
  • did not run for re-election[202]
4 Matthew J. Cahill
(died 1922) 		Democratic January 1, 1922–
July 14, 1922
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[43][44]
  • died in office[203]
5 John A. Lynch Democratic July 18, 1922–
December 31, 1933
  • elected interim borough president for the remainder of the year by a unanimous vote of the three aldermen of Staten Island[204]
  • elected by popular vote to serve the remainder of Cahill's term[205]
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[45][46][47]
  • denied a slot on the Democratic ballot by Tammany Hall,[206] ran as an independent,[207][208] but came in second place[51]
6 Joseph A. Palma
(1889–1969) 		Republican January 1, 1934–
December 31, 1945
7 Cornelius A. Hall
(1889–1953) 		Democratic January 1, 1946–
February 12, 1953
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[61][62][64]
  • retired due to illness,[211] died less than a month later[212]
— Thomas F. Reilly
(acting) 		Democratic February 12, 1953–
February 20, 1953
  • became acting borough president upon Hall's resignation[211]
8 Edward G. Baker
(1906–1971) 		Democratic February 20, 1953–
December 31, 1954
  • elected by a 2-1 vote, with Mayor Vincent Impellitteri breaking the tie vote between the two City Council members from Staten Island[213]
  • re-elected by popular vote to a four-year term[65]
  • resigned after winning a seat as a justice on the New York State Supreme Court[214]
9 Albert V. Maniscalco
(1908–1998) 		Democratic December 31, 1954–
December 31, 1965
  • elected interim borough president to replace Baker for one year, until December 31, 1955, by a 2-0 vote of the City Council members from Staten Island[215]
  • elected by popular vote for the remainder of Baker's term[216]
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[66][69]
  • lost re-election by popular vote to Connor in 1965[73]
10 Robert T. Connor
(1919–2009) 		Republican January 1, 1966–
June 10, 1977
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[73][78][79]
  • resigned to become a deputy assistant to the Secretary of the Navy[217]
11 Anthony R. Gaeta
(1927–1988) 		Democratic June 10, 1977–
November 10, 1984
  • elected by a 2-2 vote of the four members of the City Council, with Mayor Abraham Beame needed to break the tie[217]
  • elected by popular vote to two four-year terms[80][81][82]
  • retired during his second term[218]
12 Ralph J. Lamberti
(born 1933) 		Democratic November 10, 1984–
December 31, 1989
  • elected by the two members of the City Council from Staten Island to replace Gaeta, who resigned[219]
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[83]
  • lost election to Molinari[85]
13 Guy V. Molinari
(born 1928) 		Republican January 1, 1990–
December 31, 2001
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[85][87]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2001 because of term limits[88]
14 James Molinaro
(born 1931) 		Conservative January 1, 2002–
December 31, 2013
  • elected by popular vote to three four-year terms[89][220]
  • ineligible to run for re-election in 2013 because of term limits[88]
15 James Oddo
(born 1966) 		Republican January 1, 2014–
current
  • elected by popular vote to a four-year term[221]

See also


References

  1. ↑ "New York City Charter — Borough Presidents". library.amlegal.com. American Legal Publishing. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  2. ↑ Croghan, Lore (January 14, 2013). "A Champion for Brooklyn: Pols Have Raised Big Bucks for Race to Become Borough President". New York Daily News. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  3. 1 2 Eichenthal, David R. (1990). "The Other Elected Officials". Urban Politics, New York Style. New York University. p. 99.
  4. 1 2 New York City Charter § 85(a)
  5. ↑ New York City Charter § 85(b)
  6. ↑ New York City Charter § 2800(a)
  7. 1 2 "About Community Boards". NYC Mayor's Community Affairs Unit. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  8. 1 2 Berg, Bruce (2007). New York City Politics: Governing Gotham. Rutgers University Press. p. 277.
  9. ↑ New York. Laws of New York; 1897, 120th session, chapter 378, section 2, p. 2.
  10. ↑ The Greater New York Charter — Submitted to the Legislature of the State of New York on February 20, 1897, by the Commission appointed pursuant to Chapter 488 of the Laws of 1896 (PDF). 1897. pp. 2–3. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  11. ↑ New York. Laws of New York (1899), 121st session, chapter 588, section 1, p. 1336.
  12. ↑ New York. Laws of New York; 1912, 135th Session, Chapter 548; Section 1; Page 1352.
  13. 1 2 Cornell Law School Supreme Court Collection: Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris, accessed June 12, 2006
  14. ↑ Jackson, Kenneth T. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, Connecticut: New York Historical Society and Yale University Press. pp. 129–130. ISBN 0-300-05536-6.
  15. ↑ Greenhouse, Linda (March 23, 1989). "Justices Void New York City's Government — Demand Voter Equality in All Boroughs". New York Times. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  16. ↑ "New York City Charter, chapter 8, section 192". library.amlegal.com. American Legal Publishing. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Democrats Take All — The Tammany Ticket Makes Almost a Clean Sweep of the Greater City — Only Two Republicans in the Council — Van Wyck's Plurality Is 80,316 — Seth Low Ran Nearly 40,000 Ahead of His Ticket — The Republicans Lose 21 Assemblymen and Elect Only 11 Candidates to the Board of Aldermen". New York Times. November 4, 1897. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  18. ↑ "Augustus W. Peters Dead — President of Manhattan Borough Succumbs to Heart Disease — Found Sitting in a Chair — The Barking of a Dog Summoned His Friend Henry Chaurant to His Room in the Early Morning". New York Times. December 30, 1898. p. 12. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  19. ↑ "New Borough President — James J. Coogan Elected to Succeed the Late A.W. Peters — His Selection a Surprise — Members of Municipal Assembly Did Not Know for Whom They Were to Vote Until the Last Minute". New York Times. January 6, 1899. p. 12. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 "Victory For The Fusion Ticket — Seth Low Elected Mayor by About 33,000 Plurality — Jerome Defeats Unger — Fusion Borough Presidents Chosen in Three Boroughs — Van Wyck Left Far Behind — Contest Close for Sheriff in This County — Jerome Wins by About 15,000 — Fusion Justices Win — Democrats Carry Only Queens and Bronx". New York Times. November 6, 1901. p. 1. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  21. ↑ "Manhattan Borough's President at Work — Jacob A. Cantor Quickly Organizes His Official Staff — His Dispute With Mr. Fornes". New York Times. January 2, 1902. p. 14. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  22. 1 2 3 4 "M'Clellan — Carries the City by Over 61,000 Plurality — Tammany Controls Boards of Estimate and Aldermen — Littleton Loses in Brooklyn — Devery Gets About 3,000 Votes". New York Times. November 1903. p. 1. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Ahearn and Haffen Won — The Only Two Borough President Tammany Elected — Cassidy Beaten". New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  24. ↑ "Borough President Installed — Jacob A. Cantor Welcomes His Successor in Office and Compliments Are Exchanged". New York Times. January 2, 1904. p. 14. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  25. ↑ "Hughes Turns Ahearn Out — "He Failed to Perform His Duty, with Reference to the Streets" — Remissness Was Flagrant — Governor Satisfied That Concern Doing Carpentry Work Was Cover for Walker — The City Was Despoiled — Attempt Will Be Made to Obtain an Injunction Which Will Retain Him in Office". New York Times. December 10, 1907. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  26. ↑ "Ahearn Re-Elected; Hughes Not To Act — Thinks Borough President's Title to Office Should Be Tested in the Courts — Republicans Aid Tammany — Three of Them and M.O.L. Aldermen Votes for Ahearn — He Issues Statement Accusing the Mayor". New York Times. December 20, 1907. p. 18. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  27. ↑ "Ahearn, Ruled Out, Won't Give Up Fight — Court of Appeals Holds Illegal His Re-election as Borough President After Removal — His Official Acts Valid — Hopes to Serve Remainder of His Original Term by Prolonging the Legal Battle to Oust Him". New York Times. October 30, 1909. p. 5. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  28. ↑ "John F. Ahearn Dies at His Home Here — Among the Last of the Political Leaders of the Old Tammany Regime — Five Times State Senator — Lost Long Fight to Retain Borough Presidency After Removal by Governor Hughes". New York Times. December 20, 1902. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  29. ↑ "Revokes Higher Pay For City Justices — Public Opposition to $4,000 Increase Forces Estimate Board to Reverse Itself — Justice Scott Takes Blame — Urged Bigger Salary, He Says, Without His Associates' Consent — Metz Alone for It". New York Times. November 30, 1909. p. 7. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  30. ↑ "May Hold Ahearn For Salary — J.G. Collins, REmoved, Gets a $36,000 Verdict — New Election Tuesday". New York Times. December 11, 1909. p. 5. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  31. ↑ "Cloughen Succeeds Ahearn — Aldermanic Deadlock Broken in Time to Give Him Two Days Service". New York Times. December 30, 1909. p. 4. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  32. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Gaynor Wins; Tammany Loses All The Rest — A Clean Sweep by Fusion of All Offices Outside of the Mayoralty — Gaynor's Plurality 72,500 — But Fusion Has Carried the Board of Estimate and with It City Control — Whitman District Attorney — Beats George Gordon Battle for the Office by About 22,000 Votes — All Patronage to Fusion — Controllership, Aldermanic Presidency, County Offices, and Supreme Court — All Gone — Borough Presidents, Too — McAneny Wins in Manhattan, Gresser Carries Queens, Miller the Bronx — And Roesch Is Beaten". New York Times. November 3, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  33. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Tammany's Rout Made Complete in City and State — New York City Gave Mitchel a Plurality of 121,209 Over McCall — One Lone Office Saved — Wigwam May Get a Vote in the Board of Estimate from McCormack — Werner's Fate Is in Doubt — With Returns from 4 Counties Incomplete He May Have Lost Chief Judgeship — Hiscock, Associate, Wins — 29 Out of 46 Assemblymen Who Impeached Sulzer Are Beaten — Cardozo Wins in the City — Heavy Fusion Vote in the Bronx Deprives Tammany of a Supreme Court Judgeship". New York Times. November 6, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  34. 1 2 3 4 "Not One Seat In Board Of Estimate Saved to Tammany — Fusion Aldermen Also — McAneny and Prendergast In Safely With Other Fusion Borough Heads — Close in New York County — With Just a Possibility at Midnight That Murphy May Save It — Neck and Neck in Bronx — Matthewson, (Rep.,) May Have Beaten Tammany and Third Ticket Up There — Queens Easy For Connolly — Brooklyn Gave Fusion 54,808 Plurality — Republicans Carry County — Prendergast's Vote Cut". New York Times. November 5, 1913. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "A Tammany Sweep — Hylan Can Get Every Vote in the Board of Estimate — Carries Every Borough — His Vote Is 293,382, Mitchel's 148,060, and Hillquit's 138,793 — Lewis, Attorney General — Beaten in This City, but Had a Big Plurality Up-State — Hylan Promises Loyalty". New York Times. November 7, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  36. ↑ "Frank L. Dowling Dies of Pneumonia — President of Manhattan Borough Stricken After Attack of Gall Stones a Week Ago — Long Career in Politics — Former President of Board of Aldermen Served 18 Years in That Body — Mayor Pays Tribute". New York Times. September 28, 1919. p. 22. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  37. ↑ "May Pick Loughman for Dowling's Post — Public Works Head Reported to be Tammany Selection to Act Until Jan. 1 — Subject to Come Up Today — Both Democrats and Republicans to Have Candidates In Election for Two-Year Term". New York Times. October 1, 1919. p. 19. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  38. ↑ "Curran Opens fight on Tammany Boss — Denounces Methods of Opposition in Accepting Nomination for Dowling's Post — Dr. Butler Joins Campaign — Mrs. Jean Norris Places Borough President Boyle in Nomination at Tammany Hall". New York Times. October 17, 1919. p. 15. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  39. ↑ "Boyle Quits Borough Job — Resigns as Manhattan President to Go to State Industrial Commission". New York Times. November 18, 1919. p. 12. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Curran Appoints Eleven to Office — President-Elect of Borough of Manhattan Says Experience and Ability Will Be the Test — Fay For Public Works — Amos Schaeffer Retained as Consulting Engineer — Maimed Veteran Gets Minor Job". New York Times. December 30, 1919. p. 3. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  41. ↑ "La Guardia Wins by 1,530 — Beats Moran for President of Board of Aldermen in a Close Contest — Koenig Ordered Vigilance — Warned Republican Chairmento Stay by the Ballot Boxes and Scrutinize Count — Curran Defeats Boyle — Five Republican Votes in Board of Estimate Assured — Clean Cut Result in Supreme Court". New York Times. November 5, 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  42. ↑ "Curran Sworn In, LaGuardia Also — Borough President and Head of Aldermen Silent on Public Issues — Two Resignations Asked — Curran Pays Tribute to the Late Frank L. Dowling — Says Fairer Man Never Lived". New York Times. January 2, 1920. p. 8. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 "Borough Presidents". New York Times. November 9, 1921. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  44. 1 2 3 4 5 "The City Vote — Hylan's Plurality 417,986 — Craig's 249,252 — Banton's 83,680". New York Times. November 10, 1921. p. 4. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  45. 1 2 3 4 5 "Supreme Court Justices, District Attorneys, City Court Justice, Kings Surrogate — Officials Elected". New York Times. November 4, 1925. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 "Final Returns Add to Tammany Sweep — All but Three of 63 Candidates for Aldermen, and 56 for Assembly Are Elected — Walker Wins by 401,581 — Banton's Plurality 105,421 — Wigwam Captures 10th District — Connolly Issues Statement". New York Times. November 5, 1925. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 "Controller, Aldermanic President and Borough Presidents Elected". New York Times. November 6, 1929. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  48. ↑ "Greet Brooklyn Officials — Borough President Riegelmann and Others Are Now in Office". New York Times. January 2, 1918. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  49. ↑ "Miller Resigns to Become Judge — Borough President Bids Farewell to Staff and Will Take Up New Duties Monday — Launched Many Projects — Occupied Office for Nine Years — Herrick Is Leading Candidate for the Place". New York Times. January 1, 1931. p. 18. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  50. ↑ "Levy is Elected Borough President — Educator, Choice of Walker and Curry, Gets All of the 19 Democratic Ballots — Also a Republican Vote — Sworn In by Justice Miller Under New Oath That He Did Not Buy Office — Thanks Party for Honor — Serves Until Next December — Goes to Municipal Building and Greets Aides". New York Times. January 17, 1931. p. 3. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hagerty, James A. (November 8, 1933). "M'Kee Runs Second — Loses Even Bronx Smashing Blow To Farley — LaGuardia by 254,506 — Carries Every Borough, Sweeping in His Chief Running-Mates — Tammany Forces Routed — O'Brien Loses Manhattan by 5,895 — Levy Victor, Dodge Wins, Prial Loses — Pecora, Straus Defeated — Fusion Victory is First in 20 Years — Vote Cast is Biggest in City Election". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  52. ↑ Hagerty, James A. (September 17, 1937). "Blow to Tammany — La Guardia Margin Is 35,000, Gets Good Write-In Vote — 2-Man Fight in November — Senator, Though He Carried Manhattan, Is Expected to Drop Out of Contest — M'Goldrick is Nominated — He and Morris Are Victors Over Prial and Levy — Dewey is Unopposed — Taylor Named". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  53. 1 2 3 4 5 Hagerty, James A. (November 3, 1937). "Dewey Lead 108,823 — Ingersoll, Harvey, Lyons, Isaacs and Palma Are Victorious — Justice Levy Wins — Strong Tammany Chiefs Lose Districts — Foley is Re-Elected". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  54. ↑ "New Fusion Rule Starts in City; Many Jobs Filled — Bureau Heads Stay — La Guardia Is the First Reform Mayor to Be Re-elected — Kracke Heads Assessors — Finegan is Made a Magistrate, MacInnes Deputy Treasurer — McGoldrick Sworn In". New York Times. January 2, 1938. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  55. ↑ Moscow, Warren (July 30, 1941). "Isaacs Dropped by Republicans — Borough President Declares He Will Fight in Primaries — Assails Curran". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  56. ↑ "Incumbents Lead in Council Race — Re-election of Most Seen on 2d Day of P.R. Count — Rise of 4 Seats Due — Red is High on Kings List — Caccione Running Seventh — Negro Clergyman Second in Manhattan Balloting". New York Times. November 7, 1941. p. 16. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  57. ↑ "Second P.R. Count Due in Manhattan — First-Choice Tally in Queens Also Expected to Be Ready by This Morning — Fourth to Begin in Bronx — Totaling of Council Ballots Is at a Standstill in All but One Borough Over Sunday". New York Times. November 10, 1941. p. 10. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Harvey's Reign Ended by Burke — Queens Head Held Office for 13 Years — Lyons, Nathan, Palma, Cashmore Win". New York Times. November 5, 1941. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  59. ↑ "Nathan Prominent Lawyer — Partner in Firm Once Headed by Cardozo, His Cousin". New York Times. November 5, 1941. p. 14. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  60. ↑ "Mayor Swears 31 Into City Offices — H.W. Ralph Becomes First Register for All Boroughs — Six Made Magistrates — Market Aides Are Named — But Morgan Post Is Filled Only Temporarily — Moses Remains Park Head". New York Times. January 2, 1941. p. 8. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Hagerty, James A. (November 7, 1945). "Record Plurality — Margin Totals 685,175 — McGoldrick Out but Runs Ahead of Ticket — Blow to Dewey Seen — Beldock Defeated by Big Margin — Lynch Loses to Hall in Richmond". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 "New Borough Head Served in 2 Wars — Captain Hugo E. Rogers, Lawyer and Engineer, Never Made a Speech in Campaign". New York Times. November 7, 1945. p. 5. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  63. ↑ Hagerty, James A. (July 23, 1949). "Rogers Quits Race for Borough Head; Only Pawn, He Says — He Withdraws as a Candidate for Presidency, Condemning 'Political Machinations' — Not Forced, He Declares — Way Is Now Cleared to Select Party Nominee Acceptable to Mayor O'Dwyer". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  64. 1 2 3 4 5 Hagerty, James A. (November 9, 1949). "Landslide in City — Joseph and Impellitteri Renamed Controller, Council President — Borough Heads Win — Total Vote for Mayor Is Above 2,600,000, Setting a Record". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 Kihss, Peter (November 1953). "Jack Easy Victor; First Negro in Post — Plurality in Manhattan Race 78,873 — 4 Incumbents Win in Other Borough Tests". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kihss, Peter (November 6, 1957). "Crisona Swamps Lundy in Queens — In Manhattan, Jack Receives 70% of Vote — Lyons Tops Rivals in the Bronx". New York Times. p. 25. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  67. 1 2 Kihss, Peter (January 16, 1961). "Hulan Jack Gets Suspended Term; Judge Scores Him Year in Prison Is Dropped — Close Vote Foreseen on Successor in Post". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  68. ↑ Knowles, Clayton (February 1, 1961). "Mayor's Choice Gets Jack's Job — Dudley Wins, 4-2 — Borough Councilmen Select Justice as Manhattan Chief". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  69. 1 2 3 4 Bracker, Milton (November 8, 1961). "Democrats Upset in Bronx Contest — Machines Impounded After Periconi Beats Buckley Candidate by 8,777". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  70. ↑ "Dudley Will Be Honored At Reception Tomorrow". New York Times. December 15, 1964. p. 28. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  71. ↑ "Three State Justices Inducted". January 5, 1965. January 5, 1965. p. 35. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  72. ↑ Knowles, Clayton (February 24, 1965). "Mrs. Motley Wins Manhattan Post — State Senator Elected by 8 Councilmen — First Woman on Board of Estimate". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  73. 1 2 3 4 5 Kihss, Peter (November 3, 1965). "Maniscalco Loses on S.I.; Badillo Leading in Bronx". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  74. ↑ "Mrs. Motley Wins Senate Approval — Confirmed as U.S. Judge — Eastland Charges Red Link". New York Times. Associated Press. August 31, 1966. p. 33. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  75. 1 2 "Mrs. Motley's Oath as Judge Due Friday". New York Times. September 7, 1966. p. 40. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  76. ↑ "Sutton Elected Manhattan Borough President — Will Serve Until Dec. 31 — He Is Nominated for 3-Year Term Starting Then". New York Times. September 14, 1966. p. 40. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  77. ↑ Knowles, Clayton. "Mackell Victor in Queens Race — Hentel Loses by 50,000 in District Attorney Contest". New York Times. p. 24. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  78. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ronan, Thomas P. (November 5, 1969). "Incumbent Borough Presidents Win — Abrams Bronx Victor". New York Times. p. 34. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  79. 1 2 3 4 5 "City's Five Borough Presidents, All Democrats, Are Easily Returned to Their Offices". New York Times. November 7, 1973. p. 59. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Carroll, Maurice (November 9, 1977). "Stein Defeats Wagner by 3 to 2 To Take Manhattan Borough Post". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 "Borough President". New York Times. November 10, 1977. p. D13. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  82. 1 2 3 4 5 Carroll, Maurice (November 4, 1981). "Stein is Re-Elected, 2 to 1, In Contest Against Dinkins". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
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  87. 1 2 3 4 5 Levy, Clifford J. (November 5, 1997). "The 1997 Elections: Other Races — Hevesi and Green Are Re-elected — Fields Gets Borough Post". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
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  92. ↑ "Gov. Hughes Ousts President Haffen — His Interest in Building of Road and Hunt's Point Land Sale the Chief Reasons — Unlikely to be Re-Elected — Tammany Men Believe That Haffen's Political Career Is Ended — Long Leader In the Bronx". New York Times. August 30, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  93. ↑ "Haffen Compels Murray's Selection — Scores a Big Point in Fight to Retain His Grip on Bronx Politics — May Mean Renomination — Aldermen Vote Unanimously for Haffen's Public Works Commissioner to Succeed His Chief". New York Times. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  94. ↑ "Dinner to Cyrus C. Miller". New York Times. December 3, 1913. p. 15. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  95. ↑ "Give Godspeed to Bronx County — Officials Felicitated at Elaborate Exercises in the New Court House — Bronx Officials Take Oath — Borough President Mathewson Congratulated by His Predecessor". New York Times. January 2, 1916. p. 16. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  96. ↑ "Mitchel Leads Bennett in Close Race for Nomination by the Republicans — Ahead by 1,700 in Latest Returns — Winners in Yesterday's Primaries". New York Times. September 20, 1917. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  97. ↑ "Inaugurals to be Simple — Craig and Bruckner Expect to Take Office with Small Ceremony". New York Times. December 30, 1917. p. 7. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  98. ↑ "1,000 Honor Bruckner — Retiring President of Bronx Borough Praised at Dinner". New York Times. December 1933. p. 3. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  99. ↑ "Lyons Takes Office Without a Ceremony — Bronx Borough Head Swears in Staff and Goes to Work on CWA Problems at Once". New York Times. January 2, 1934. p. 3. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  100. ↑ Crowell, Paul (December 22, 1961). "City's Top Officials Affirm Own Raises". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  101. ↑ Knowles, Clayton (January 1, 1962). "Periconi Shifting Positions Tomorrow — Will Be First G.O.P. Chief of Bronx in Half Century". New York Times. p. 14. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  102. 1 2 Kihss, Peter (November 9, 1965). "Badillo is Victor in Bronx by 2,086 — Official Canvass Reported by Board of Elections". New York Times. p. 38. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  103. ↑ "Lustsky Inducted to Family Court — Badillo Takes Office as Head of Bronx Borough". New York Times. December 29, 1965. p. 26. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  104. ↑ Tolchin, Martin (June 18, 1969). "Marchi Defeats Lindsay in G.O.P. Primary; Democrats Pick Procaccino Over Wagner — Party Split Seen — Wagner Doubts He Can Support Winner, and Badillo is Silent". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  105. ↑ "New Head of Bronx Urges Free Transit". New York Times. January 3, 1970. p. 16. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  106. ↑ Meislin, Richard J. (January 2, 1979). "Carey, at Inauguration of 2d Term, Pledges a 'New Era of Opportunity'". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  107. ↑ Fowler, Glenn (January 6, 1979). "Simon Is Elected for Interim Term As Borough President of the Bronx". New York Times. p. 21. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  108. ↑ Lynn, Frank (March 12, 1987). "Bronx Chief Quits and Friedman Gets 12-Year Sentence". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  109. ↑ Lynn, Frank (March 25, 1987). "Borough Chief Contest Splits Hispanic Politicians in Bronx". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  110. ↑ Lambert, Bruce (April 16, 1987). "Man in the News: New Bronx Chief Hopes to Restore 'Faith': Fernando Ferrer". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  111. ↑ "Ferrer Designated as Bronx Borough President". New York Times. April 16, 1987. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  112. ↑ Zeleny, Jeff (February 19, 2009). "White House Names Two New York Officials to Administration". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  113. ↑ Gonzalez, David (March 5, 2009). "Acting Bronx President Lives in Brooklyn". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  114. ↑ Lee, Trymaine (April 22, 2009). "Bronx Voters Elect Díaz as New Borough President". New York Times. p. A24. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  115. ↑ Santos, Fernanda (May 21, 2009). "Metro-North Station Opens at Yankee Stadium". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
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  118. ↑ "To Begin the New Year — How the Day Will Be Observed at the City Hall and in the New Municipality Generally — Mayor Van Wyck's Quiet Entry — Receptions and Entertainments to be Given by Political, Social, and Charitable Organizations in the Afternoon and Evening". New York Times. January 1, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  119. ↑ "Edward M Shepard Wants Coler For Mayor — Hopes the Democratic Convention Will Nominate Him — In this Event He May Defer His European Trip to Work for the Controller — What Mr. Croker Says". New York Times. September 22, 1901. p. 2. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  120. ↑ "In Brooklyn Borough". New York Times. January 2, 1902. p. 14. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  121. 1 2 "Mr. Littleton's Plurality, 1971". New York Times. November 22, 1903. p. 13. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  122. ↑ "Brief Ceremony in Brooklyn — Borough President Swanstrom Turns Over Reins of Government to Martin W. Littleton". New York Times. January 2, 1904. p. 14. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  123. ↑ "Hearst Sweep in Brooklyn — Ivins Second — Coler Elected President of the Borough". New York Times. November 8, 1905. p. 2. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  124. ↑ "Take Office In Brooklyn — Justice Gaynor Officiates at the Inaugural". New York Times. January 2, 1906. p. 4. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  125. ↑ "Coler, On Retiring, Fires a Last Shot — Tells McClellan That He and Metz and McGowan Hindered His Administration — His Good Intentions Upset — Meant to Do Much for the Betterment of Brooklyn, But Didn't Get a Chance". New York Times. January 2, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  126. ↑ "Steers and Coler Don't Meet — Retiring Borough President Not on Hand to Greet His Successor". New York Times. January 2, 1910. p. 2. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  127. ↑ "Pounds Makes Shifts — Only One New Appointment Is Made By Borough President". New York Times. January 1, 1914. p. 2. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  128. ↑ "Greet Brooklyn Officials — Borough President Riegelmann and Others Are Now in Office". New York Times. January 2, 1918. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  129. 1 2 "Guider Now Heads Brooklyn Borough — Democratic Aldermen Unanimously Elect Him to Succeed Justice Riegelmann — Outlines His Policies — New President Calls Schools and Transit Paramount — Will Probably Run in the Fall". New York Times. January 1, 1925. p. 16. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  130. ↑ "Jos. A. Guider Dies After An Operation — Brooklyn Borough President, Stricken Monday, Succumbs to Peritonitis — He Was 56 Years of Age — Served Five Terms in Assembly and Had Been Commissioner of Public Works". New York Times. September 22, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  131. ↑ "City Leaders Pay Tributes to Guilder — Flags at City and Borough Halls at Half Staff to Honor Late Brooklyn President — Public Funeral Tomorrow — Honorary Pallbearers to Include Many City Officials — Election of Successor on Nov. 2". New York Times. September 23, 1926. p. 25. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  132. ↑ "J.J. Byrne Elected to Succeed Guider — Brooklyn Aldermen Unanimous in Choice for the New Borough President — To Be Candidate Again — Democrats Will Name Him for Long Term — Single Republican Votes With Majority Party". New York Times. October 1, 1926. p. 25. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  133. ↑ "Smith Sweeps City; Plurality is 483,391 — Plurality Exceeds That of His Victory Over Miller — Bigger Than Hylan's in 1921 — Wagner's Vote a Triumph — His Plurality Is Estimated at 377,000 — Wets Win Here by About 840,000". New York Times. November 3, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  134. ↑ "James J. Byrne Dies at 66 in Hospital — Brooklyn Borough President Succumbs After an Attack of Gallstones — Stricken a Week Ago — Started as Clerk and Rose to Hold Many Posts in the City Government". New York Times. March 15, 1930. p. 19. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  135. ↑ "Funeral of Byrne to be Held Tuesday — Requiem Mass at St. Joseph's Church for Borough President Will Be Sung at 10 A.M. — 300 Pallbearers Named — Walker Cancels Chicago Speech to Attend Services — Burial in Holy Cross Cemetery". New York Times. March 16, 1930. p. 29. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  136. ↑ "Hesterberg Made Byrne's Successor — Elected to Serve as Borough President of Brooklyn Until Dec. 31 — 1,000 Attend Ceremony — Names P.A. Carey to Replace Him as Public Works Head and Promotes Two Others — Praised by the Mayor — Mayor Pays Tribute to Byrne and Praises the Selection of the New Official". New York Times. April 3, 1930. p. 31. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  137. ↑ "City Gives Governor Greatest Plurality — Has Margin of 556,868 as Graft Issue Fails Tuttle — Lehman Leads His Ticket — Mrs. Pratt Wins by 651 — La Guardia Victorious — Miller Elected Judge, Alger Loses — Bond Issue Carries". New York Times. November 5, 1930. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  138. ↑ "Borough and County Officials Elected Yesterday". New York Times. November 5, 1930. p. 10. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  139. ↑ "Hesterberg Accepts $10,840 Water Post — O'Brien, After the Appointment, Stresses Importance of Board LaGuardia Would Abolish". New York Times. December 13, 1933. p. 26. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  140. ↑ "Carey in Brooklyn Post — Aldermen Name Him to Succeed Hesterberg as Borough Head". New York Times. December 14, 1933. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  141. ↑ "Peter Carey Dies; Brooklyn Leader — Served as Borough President in 1933 — A Former State Transfer Tax Appraiser — Began as Road Laborer — Commissioner of Public Works in 1930 and Later Was Head of Water Supply Bureau". New York Times. May 14, 1940. p. 24. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  142. ↑ "LaGuardia Moves to Clean Up City; Starts Hunt for Graft in Bureaus; Tammany Organizes the Aldermen — Mayor Swears in Aides — Tells Each to Remove 'Every One' if Needed to Get Efficiency — Pledges Them Free Hand — Politicians No Longer Will Interfere With Prisons or Relief, He Says — First Day is Strenuous — New Executive Leaves Home at 8:28 A.M., Does Not Quit City Hall Till 6:30". New York Times. January 2, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  143. ↑ "R.V. Ingersoll Dies After an Operation — Brooklyn Borough President Ill Since December — Active as Supporter of La Guardia". New York Times. February 25, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  144. ↑ "Preparedness Key of Nations Homage to First President — Speakers Stress Washington's Warning That Peace Lies in Readiness for War — Many Fetes Staged Here — Holiday Travel Light — Clear Day Draws Crowds to Parks and Resorts of Area". New York Times. February 23, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  145. ↑ "New Leader to be Picked — Democrats Assured of Naming Next Brooklyn President". New York Times. February 25, 1940. p. 38. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  146. ↑ "Cashmore Takes Ingersoll's Post — Democratic Leader of Council Is Elected as Brooklyn Borough President — Armstrong Loses, 4 to 2 — New Head Promises He Will Not Approach Questions in 'Partisan Spirit'". New York Times. March 5, 1940. p. 25. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  147. ↑ Egan, Leo (November 6, 1940). "City Margin Wide — Lead Totals 727,254 — Queens, Richmond Won by Willkie — P.R. System Upheld — Abolition Move Defeated by About 206,550 — Simpson is Elected". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  148. 1 2 "Cashmore Dies; Brooklyn Chief — Borough President, 65, Is Stricken in Auto — Held Position Since 1940". New York Times. May 8, 1940. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  149. ↑ Crowell, Paul (July 7, 1961). "Brooklyn's Councilmen Elect Hayes as President of Borough Successor of Cashmore Is Noncommittal on a Race for Full 4-Year Term". New York Times. p. 26. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  150. ↑ "8 Staff Members Sworn in By Stark". New York Times. January 2, 1962. p. 21. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  151. ↑ Carroll, Maurice (August 8, 1970). "Stark, 75, Plans to Retire Sept. 8". New York Times. p. 14. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  152. ↑ Ranzal, Edward (September 10, 1970). "Leone Is Elected to Succeed Stark". New York Times. p. 52. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  153. ↑ "Leone Takes Oath as Brooklyn's Borough President". New York Times. September 19, 1970. p. 14. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  154. ↑ Chambers, Marcia (January 3, 1977). "How a Judge Is Made in Brooklyn: Case of Borough President Leone". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  155. ↑ Ranzal, Edward (January 4, 1977). "A Hitch in the City Hall Script". New York Times. p. 31. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
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  157. 1 2 Yee, Vivian (November 29, 2013). "Borough President for Not Much Longer, but a Brooklynite Always — Marty Markowitz Prepares to Leave Office After 12 Years". New York Times. p. A30. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  158. ↑ "Statement and Return Report for Certification General Election 2013 — 11/05/2013 — Kings County — All Parties and Independent Bodies Borough President — Kings" (PDF). vote.nyc.ny.us. Board of Elections in the City of New York. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  159. 1 2 "Bermel in Cassidy's Place — Ex-President of Queens Says the People Have Expressed Their Will". New York Times. January 2, 1906. p. 4. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  160. ↑ "Bermel, Under Fire, Resigns His Post — Quits Queens Borough Presidency in Haste and Prepares to Sail for Europe To-day — Subpoena May Stop Him — Report That He May Even Be Arrested on a Warrant if He Attempts to Leave". New York Times. April 30, 1908. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  161. ↑ "Bermel Sails Away — Gresser In His Job — Ex-President of Queens Breaks His Promise to Stay for Kissena Park Inquiry — He Was Under Subpoena — But Ignored Grand Jury Summons and Went to Europe — Lively Fight Over His Successor". New York Times. May 1, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  162. ↑ "Gov. Dix Removes Gresser of Queens — Holds Borough President to Account for Department "Corruption and Incompetence" — Fraud in Culvert Work — More in Padded Payrolls and Petty Cash — Decision Out in Time to Let Cassidy Win". New York Times. September 27, 1911. p. 1. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  163. ↑ "Connolly Starts in to Clean Up Queens — First Off He'll Investigate Charge That Bribery Helped Make Him Borough President — Jobs for Enholt and Dujat — Rumor That Aldermen Who Voted for Him Won't Suffer — Harry Miller, a Friend, Succeeds Him on Bench". New York Times. October 5, 1911. p. 5. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  164. 1 2 "Connolly Quits as City Bars His $100,000 Defense Fund — Sewer Hearings May End — He Upholds His Regime — Borough Head Contends He Can't Finance His Own Defense — Shearn Report Likely — His Authority Believed Ended, but May Send Evidence Uncovered to Smith — Walker Blocks The Fund — Board Votes 14 to 2 Against Aid to Connolly — Contractors Get Pay and Resume Work". New York Times. April 3, 1928. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  165. ↑ "Patten is Elected, Connolly Machine Defying the Mayor — All Pleas in Angry Clash Fail to Swerve Queens Aldermen in Vote on Borough Head — Patronage is Cut At Once — Fusion Ticket Threatened in Fall Election — Tammany Expected to Fight Old Regime — Walker to Watch Queens — Allen Brings Charges Against Patten's Department — Higgins to Decide if Inquiry Is Needed". New York Times. April 19, 1928. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  166. 1 2 "Harvey Wins Queens by 3,680 Plurality — Patten Concedes Defeat in Closest and Bitterest Fight in Borough's History — Connolly Men To Go — Republican Victor for Presidency Reiterates Pledge to Oust Those Who Do Not Quit". New York Times. November 8, 1928. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  167. ↑ "Harvey Sworn in as Head of Queens — Pledges Special Consideration for Small Homeowners of Borough — First Republican in Post — Mrs. Ebba Winslow Announces She Is Candidate for Board of Aldermen to Succeed Him". New York Times. January 2, 1929. p. 12. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  168. ↑ "Burke Long a Civic Leader — His Interest in the Taxpayers' Troubles Took Him Into Politics". New York Times. November 5, 1941. p. 14. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  169. ↑ "Defense in Queens Planned by Burke — New Borough President Says Area Has Special Problem Due to Many Residences — Is Silent on La Guardia — He Will Present Program to 'Civil Defense Heads' — Is Sworn Into Office". New York Times. January 2, 1942. p. 11. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  170. ↑ "Named for Queens Race — Democrats Choose FitzGerald to Run as Borough Head". New York Times. July 13, 1949. p. 22. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  171. ↑ "Fitzgerald Dies; Queens President — Borough Leader, 54, Suffers Heart Attack as Hostess Falls at Star Lake, N.Y.". New York Times. August 26, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  172. ↑ "Fitzgerald's Post To Be Filled Soon — Mayor to Issue Call This Week to Four Queens Councilmen to Choose New President". New York Times. August 27, 1951. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  173. ↑ "Queens Council Members Elect Borough President". New York Times. September 6, 1951. p. 12. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  174. ↑ Moscow, Warren (November 2, 1951). "Triangular Race Arousing Queens — Republicans Battle Regular, Insurgent Democrats — City Campaign Is Eclipsed". New York Times. p. 15. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  175. ↑ Crowell, Paul (December 29, 1951). "Mayor Appoints 4 More Roe Men — Their Tax and Judicial Posts Held to Strengthen Queens Chief — 7 Others Named". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  176. ↑ Conklin, William R. (November 7, 1951). "Methfessel Loses; Queens Picks Lundy — Simonson Wins in Richmond Landslide Quinn Defeats Herz by 311 Votes". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  177. ↑ "Lundy Long Active in Queens Civic Life". New York Times. November 7, 1951. p. 19. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  178. ↑ "Mayor Swears 28 as City Officers — Ceremonies, Attended by 750, Take Just 25 Minutes — Most Appointments Are Judicial". New York Times. January 2, 1952. p. 14. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  179. ↑ "'Service for All' Is Promised by Crisona As Democrats Regain Control in Queens". New York Times. January 2, 1958. p. 25. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  180. ↑ McCaffrey, James P. (November 5, 1959). "14 Posts Filled on State Courts — Judge Dye Is Unopposed for Appeals Tribunal — 13 Justices Chosen Here". New York Times. p. 27. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  181. 1 2 Dales, Douglas (January 6, 1959). "Roe's Man Elected Queens President". New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  182. ↑ "3 New Justices Sworn — Crisona, Latham, Margett Inducted at Jamaica". New York Times. January 3, 1959. p. 15. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  183. ↑ "School Bond Amendment Loses — City Rejects It by Large Margin — Clancy Beats Barnes in Queens — Democrats Score Sweep in Queens — O'Connor Is Easy Winner as Prosecutor — Court Slate Is Carried to Victory". New York Times. November 4, 1959. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
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  203. ↑ "Matthew J. Cahill Dies Suddenly — Borough President of Richmond Stricken With Acute Indigestion After Attending a Dinner — Looked Like Mayor Hylan — Democratic Leader for Many Years Had Stormy Career in Office — His Body to Lie in State.". New York Times. July 15, 1922. p. 9. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  204. ↑ "Lynch is Elected to Succeed Cahill — Caucus Choice for Richmond Borough President Is Ratified by Aldermen — Term Ends on Dec. 31 — Real Estate Man Says He Will Follow in His Predecessor's Footsteps". New York Times. July 19, 1922. p. 32. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  205. ↑ "Republican Chiefs Admit Defeat Early — Figures Speak for Themselves, Says Morris, Claiming Legislature Safe — Gloom in Koenig Quarters — Women in Their National Club Loath to Give Up Hope — Start Next Campaign — Richmond President". New York Times. November 8, 1922. p. 5. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  206. ↑ "Big Protest Vote Likely in Primary — Election Tuesday to Settle Bitter Factional Contests in Both Political Parties — Koenig Power at Stake — Hostility to O'Brien Also to Be Gauged — Polls to Be Open From 3 to 9 P.M.". New York Times. September 17, 1933. p. 1N. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
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  208. ↑ "List of Candidates Who Will Be on Ballots in Municipal Election Nov. 7". New York Times. November 5, 1933. p. 2N. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  209. ↑ "Palma Takes Office — Inducted as Richmond President — Cabinet Sworn In". New York Times. January 2, 1934. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
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  211. 1 2 "Richmond Head Retired — Hall Had Breakdown Last Fall — Six in Line for Post". New York Times. February 13, 1953. p. 17. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
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  219. ↑ Fein, Esther B. (November 11, 1984). "New S.I. Borough President Is Sworn In". New York Times. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  220. ↑ "Statement and Return Report for Certification — General Election 2009 — 11/03/2009 — Richmond County — All Parties and Independent Bodies — Borough President — Richmond" (PDF). vote.nyc.ny.us. Board of Elections in the City of New York. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
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