Kevin Brownlow

Kevin Brownlow (born 2 June 1938) is a British film historian, television documentary-maker, filmmaker, author, and film editor.^[1][2] Brownlow is best known for his work documenting the history of the silent era. Brownlow became interested in silent film at the age of eleven. This interest grew into a career spent documenting and restoring film. He has rescued many silent films and their history. His initiative in interviewing many largely forgotten, elderly film pioneers in the 1960s and 1970s preserved a legacy of early mass-entertainment cinema. Brownlow received an Academy Honorary Award at the 2nd Annual Governors Awards given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on 13 November 2010.^[3] This was the first occasion on which an Academy Honorary Award was given to a film preservationist.^[4]

It Happened Here and Winstanley

Brownlow's interest in World War II prompted the creation of his alternative-history film, It Happened Here in which the Nazis have conquered Britain. Brownlow began work on the film at the age of 18 and soon began to collaborate with a friend Andrew Mollo, who was 16. After eight years of struggle, during which the film's content changed dramatically, it was completed in 1964 with the last-minute aid of Tony Richardson.^[5] The film was widely seen in the UK at film festivals, and it was picked up for major distribution by United Artists (UA). There were negative reactions in the media to parts of the film, complaints from some Jewish groups, and in October 1965 UA's American president, Arthur B. Krim, said the film would not see theatrical release unless the offending parts were cut out. Brownlow and Mollo tried to convince UA to run the film complete, but they were outmanoeuvred. The film finally began its theatrical run in May 1966, minus the disputed scenes. It was seen in London, New York, Copenhagen, Paris, Stockholm, Los Angeles and Haifa, and was reviewed positively. After the run, UA reported to Brownlow and Mollo that all of the box office receipts had been used to pay the advertising and distribution costs. The two filmmakers did not make any money from the film.^[6]

In 1968, Brownlow published a book, How It Happened Here, which described the making of the film, and the reception it received. Not only does it explain how two teenage boys made a feature film, it also explores the provocative social issues raised by the film. Brownlow had allowed genuine British Fascists to play themselves in the film, which angered some Jewish organizations. The book contained almost 100 pictures, mostly stills from the film and an introduction by film critic and author David Robinson. A new edition was published by UKA Press in 2007.^[7]

After this cinematic feat Mollo and Brownlow began another project, Winstanley,^[8] about Gerrard Winstanley and the Diggers' commune following the English Civil War. The duo spent several years trying to gain support and following a long and difficult shoot, the film was released in 1975. In 2009 UKA Press published Winstanley: Warts and All, a making-of book. Brownlow had written it shortly after completing work on the film, but the manuscript had sat on the shelf for 34 years before being published.

Cinema history and preservation

Brownlow's first book on silent film, The Parade's Gone By..., was published in 1968. The book features many interviews with the leading actors and directors of the silent era and began his career as a film historian. Brownlow spent many years getting support for the restoration of Abel Gance's French epic, Napoléon (1927), a then mutilated film that used many novel cinematic techniques. Brownlow's championing of the film succeeded, and the restored version, with a new score by Carl Davis, was shown in London in 1980,^[9] and again in London in 2013 with the Philharmonia Orchestra.^[10] Gance lived to see the acclaim for his restored film. The San Francisco Silent Film Festival presented the complete 2000 restoration of the film, with Davis conducting his score, at the Paramount Theatre Oakland in March 2012.

Brownlow also began a collaboration with David Gill with whom he produced several documentaries on the silent era. The first was Hollywood (1980), a 13-part history of the silent era in Hollywood, produced by Thames Television. This was followed by Unknown Chaplin (1983) (Charlie Chaplin), Buster Keaton: A Hard Act to Follow (1987) (Buster Keaton), Harold Lloyd: The Third Genius (1989) (Harold Lloyd) and Cinema Europe: the Other Hollywood ^[11](1995), among others. They also restored and released many classic silent films through the Thames Silents series (later via Photoplay Productions) in the 1980s and 1990s, generally with new musical scores by Carl Davis. The Search for Charlie Chaplin (2005; new version: 2010, UKA Press), a making-of book for Unknown Chaplin, was published in 2010.

Since David Gill's death in 1997, Brownlow has continued to produce documentaries and conduct film restoration with Patrick Stanbury. These include Lon Chaney, A Thousand Faces (2000), Garbo, a documentary produced for Turner Classic Movies to mark the centenary of actress Greta Garbo's birth, and I Am King Kong (2005) about filmmaker Merian C. Cooper.

In August 2010, Brownlow received an Honorary Academy Award^[12] for his role in film and cinema history preservation.

On 13 November 2016, Brownlow was featured in an episode of The Film Programme entitled, 'Napoleon and I', dedicated to Abel Gance's masterpiece, the 1927 film, Napoléon on BBC Radio 4, the UK network. It tells how Brownlow has spent 50 years of his life, piecing together the lost sequences into the latest restoration of the silent movie and about his meeting the dapper Gance, when still a schoolboy.^[13]

Filmography

• Nine, Dalmuir West (1962)
• It Happened Here (1966)
• The World of Josef Von Sternberg (Episode of BBC TV Series The Movies aired 16 January 1967)
• Abel Gance: The Charm of Dynamite (1968)
• The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968, editor)
• Winstanley (1975)
• Hollywood (TV series, 13 episodes, 1980)
• Millay at Steepletop (1983)
• Unknown Chaplin (1983)^[14]
• Buster Keaton: A Hard Act to Follow (TV series, 3 episodes, 1987)
• Harold Lloyd: The Third Genius (1989)
• D. W. Griffith: Father of Film (1993)
• Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood (TV series, 6 episodes, 1996)
• Universal Horror (1998)
• Lon Chaney: A Thousand Faces (2000)
• The Tramp and the Dictator (2002)
• Cecil B. DeMille: American Epic (2004)
• So Funny It Hurt: Buster Keaton & MGM (2004)
• Garbo (2005)
• I'm King Kong!: The Exploits of Merian C. Cooper (2005)

Bibliography

• How It Happened Here. London: Secker & Warburg 1968; new edition: London & Japan: UKA Press 2007, ISBN 978-1-905796-10-6.
• The Parade's Gone By ... London: Secker & Warburg 1968.^[15]
• The War, the West and the Wilderness. London: Secker & Warburg 1979.
• Hollywood, the Pioneers. London: Collins 1979.
• Napoleon: Abel Gance's Classic Film. London: Jonathan Cape 1983.
• Behind the Mask of Innocence. London: Jonathan Cape 1990.
• David Lean. London: Richard Cohen 1996, ISBN 1-86066-042-8.
• Mary Pickford Rediscovered. Rare pictures of a Hollywood legend. New York: Abrams 1999, ISBN 0-8109-4374-3.^[16]
• The Search For Charlie Chaplin. Le Mani – Microart (Cineteca Bologna) 2005; New edition: UKA Press 2010, ISBN 978-1-905796-24-3
• Winstanley. Warts and All. London & Yorkshire: UKA Press 2009, ISBN 978-1-905796-22-9

References

External links

• Kevin Brownlow at the Internet Movie Database
• Kevin Brownlow biography and credits at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• Mel Novikoff Award article by Dennis Doros of Milestone Films, 2007, archived at the Wayback Machine 5 Oct 13
• History Repeating by Elliott Stein in the Village Voice, 1999
• Between the Map and the Painted Landscape: Kevin Brownlow's Historical Films by John C. Tibbetts, 2005, including January 1999 interview
• Interviews and articles by Brownlow:
• Silent Films, What was the Right Speed? by Brownlow in Sight & Sound, 1980, archived at the Wayback Machine 9 Nov 11
• Brownlow on Beckett (on Keaton) by Brownlow in Film West magazine, 1995
• Silents Please by Brownlow in the Sunday Times, 24 March 2007; archived at the Wayback Machine 15 Jun 11
• Kevin Brownlow: Introduction to Silents lecture note for the 2007 San Francisco International Film Festival
• September 2008 interview + Parts 2, 3, 4, 5 at Ann Harding's Treasures blog
• March 2009 interview at Killruddery Film Festival
• [October 2016 http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b07z7bn4] by Matthew Sweet on BBC Radio 3