Cédula de identidad
Cedula (Latin) means, in general, an order or authorization; in earlier times such a document on the authority of a king, or a royal decree.[1] A cedula may take the form of a brief authenticating text concerning an attached relic, such as the cedulae in reliquary pockets of the Ottonian Cross of Mathilde in the treasury of Essen Cathedral.
In many countries in Central and South America a Cédula de Identidad also known as cédula de ciudadanía or Documento de identidad (DNI) is a national identity document. In certain countries, such as Costa Rica, a cédula de identidad is the only valid identity document for many purposes; for example, a driving license or passport is not valid to open a bank account. The term "cédula" may also colloquially refer to the number on the identity document.
Central America
In Central America, the cédula de identidad is valid for border crossings between four Central American countries: Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.
Costa Rica
In Costa Rica, in recent years, a cédula de identidad, has been a credit card-sized plastic card. On one side, it includes a photo of the person, a personal identification number, and the card's owner personal information (complete name, gender, birth date, and others), and the user's signature. On the reverse, it may include additional information such as the date when the ID card was granted, expiration date of the ID card, and other such as their fingerprints, and all the owner's information in PDF417 code. The cards may include several security measures, including the use of ultraviolet coating. In the near future in Costa Rica, the cédulas de identidad will also be used in the digital signature process.
Guatemala
In Guatemala, cédulas are made of paper, folded and stapled booklet style, with a blue cover. They are about the size of credit cards. Municipal governments typically issue them for their residents. Cédulas are authenticated by the signature of the local Civil Registry.
Philippines
In the Philippines, cédula was used under the Spanish Colonial government for over 333 years. It has since been abolished by the Katipuneros under the Malolos Republic led by Andrés Bonifacio, the first President of the Republic. All over the Islands of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, cédula was used by the population to freely travel within and between towns, cities and provinces. If an individual was found to not have a cédula; then that individual may be accused of being a rebel, or a foreign spy at that time. Today, a cédula is used as a voting and taxation certificate. You must be at least eighteen years old to obtain your cédula.
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1 British Overseas Territories.
2 Open border with Schengen Area. 3 Russia is a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. The vast majority of its population (80%) lives in European Russia, therefore Russia as a whole is included as a European country here. 4 Turkey is a transcontinental country in the Middle East and Southeast Europe. Has a small part of its territory (3%) in Southeast Europe called Turkish Thrace. 5 Azerbaijan and Georgia (Abkhazia; South Ossetia) are transcontinental countries. Both have a small part of their territories in the European part of the Caucasus. 6 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country. Has a small part of its territories located west of the Urals in Eastern Europe. 7 Armenia (Nagorno-Karabakh) and Cyprus (Northern Cyprus) are entirely in Southwest Asia but having socio-political connections with Europe. 8 Egypt is a transcontinental country in North Africa and the Middle East. Has a small part of its territory in the Middle East called Sinai peninsula. 9 Partially recognized.
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