Calf lymph
Calf lymph was the name given[1] to a type of smallpox vaccine used in the 19th century, and which was still manufactured up to the 1970s.
History
Calf lymph was known as early as 1805 in Italy,[2] but it was the Lyon Medical Conference of 1864 which made the technique known to the wider world.[3] In 1898 calf lymph became the standard method of vaccination for smallpox in the United Kingdom, when arm to arm vaccination was eventually banned[4] (due to complications such as the simultaneous transmission of syphilis).
See also
References
- British Medical Association (1905). Facts about smallpox and vaccination.
Footnotes
- ↑ BMA 1905 — for example — "Calf lymph is now available for the vaccination of every child in the country" page 21.
- ↑ Galbiati G. (1810). Memoria Sulla Inoculazione Vaccina coll'Umore Ricavato Immediatement dalla Vacca Precedentemente Inoculata. Napoli.
- ↑ Congrès Medical de Lyon (1864). "Compterendu des travaux et des discussions". Gazette Med Lyon. 19: 449–471.
- ↑ Brown, Edward (1902). The Case for vaccination. Baillière, Tindall & Cox. pp. 8, 21.
Didgeon JA (May 1963). "Development of Smallpox Vaccine in England in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries". Br Med J. 1 (5342): 1367–72. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5342.1367. PMC 2124036
. PMID 20789814.
External links
- Henderson, Donald A.; Moss, Bernard (1999). "Ch. 6: Smallpox and Vaccinia". In Plotkin, Stanley A.; Orenstein, Walter A. Vaccines (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-7443-7.
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