Canadaspis
| Canadaspis Temporal range: Cambrian Series 3 - 508 Ma | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Specimens of Canadaspis perfecta from the Burgess Shale | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Order: | †Canadaspidida |
| Family: | †Canadaspididae |
| Genus: | †Canadaspis Briggs, 1978 |
| Species | |
| |
Canadaspis ("Shield of Canada") was a Cambrian genus of crustacean or euarthropod, a benthic feeder that moved mainly by walking and possibly used its biramous appendages to stir mud in search of food. The genus has been placed within the subclass Phyllocarida, in the class Malacostraca that includes shrimps and lobsters.
The organism
Canadaspis had claws on the end of its frontal appendages which may have been used to stir up sediment, or to scrape off the top layer,[1] which may have been a nutritious layer of microbes. Large particles it stirred up would have been captured by spines on the inside of its legs; these spines would have directed the food particles to the organism's mouth, where it used its mandibles to grind larger particles.[1]
Its antennae served a sensory function.[1] Spines on its head probably served to protect its vulnerable eyes from predators.[1] Its limbs probably moved in sequence to produce a rippling motion. Although Canadaspis probably did not swim, this could have helped propel the organism from under soft sediments. The appendages also produced currents which would have helped with feeding and respiration.[1]
Canadaspis is very closely related to the similar organism Perspicaris, differing only in morphological detail.[2]
Classification of Canadaspis
Three alternatives exist for Canadaspis's classification. They concern its relationship to the crustacea; it was originally thought that it falls within that clade, but this no longer appears to be the case.[3] The alternatives are that it is a stem group crustacean, but others believe it is more basal still, falling in the base of the euarthropoda.[2]
Fossil occurrences
4525 specimens of Canadaspis are known from the Greater Phyllopod bed, where they comprise 8.6% of the community.[4] Canadapsis perfecta, the type species, comes from the Cambrian-age Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada. Canadaspis are also found in different formations of the House Range of western Utah[5] as well as the Pioche Shale of Nevada.[2] Canadaspis laevigata, coming from the Chengjiang biota and thus some 10 million years older than Canadapsis perfecta,[6] is an equivocal member of the genus. Some scientists believe Canadaspis laevigata to be a more primitive Crustaceomorpha antecedent of Canadaspis, and others consider it a bi-valved arthropod of uncertain affinity.
External links
- "Canadaspis perfecta". Burgess Shale Fossil Gallery. Virtual Museum of Canada. 2011.
- "Canadapsis perfecta (a crustacean)". National Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on 31 December 2005. Retrieved 11 May 2006.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 Briggs, D. (1978). "The morphology, mode of life, and affinities of Canadaspis perfecta (Crustacea: Phyllocarida), Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 281 (984): 439–487. doi:10.1098/rstb.1978.0005.
- 1 2 3 Lieberman, B.S. (2003). "A new soft-bodied fauna: the Pioche Formation of Nevada". Journal of Paleontology. 77 (4): 674–690. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0674:ANSFTP>2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Butterfield, N.J. (2002). "Leanchoilia guts and the interpretation of three-dimensional structures in Burgess Shale-type fossils". Paleobiology. 28 (1): 155–171. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2002)028<0155:LGATIO>2.0.CO;2.
- ↑ Caron, Jean-Bernard; Jackson, Donald A. (October 2006). "Taphonomy of the Greater Phyllopod Bed community, Burgess Shale". PALAIOS. 21 (5): 451–65. doi:10.2110/palo.2003.P05-070R. JSTOR 20173022.
- ↑ Briggs, D.E.G.; Lieberman, B.S.; Hendricks, J.R.; Halgedahl, S.L.; Jarrard, R.D. (2008). "Middle Cambrian arthropods from Utah". Journal of Paleontology. 82 (2): 238–254. doi:10.1666/06-086.1.
- ↑ HOU, X; J. BERGSTRÖM (1991). "The arthropods of the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, with relationships and evolutionary significance". In A. M. Simonetta; S. Conway Morris. The Early Evolution of Metazoa and the Significance of Problematic Taxa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 179–187. ISBN 0-521-40242-5.