Dean and Chapter of Westminster

The Chapter House at Westminster Abbey

The Dean and Chapter of Westminster are the ecclesiastical governing body of Westminster Abbey, a collegiate church of the Church of England and royal peculiar in Westminster, Greater London. They consist of the dean and several canons meeting in chapter and are also (less frequently) known as the Dean and Canons of Westminster.

Foundation

The first college of canons was established by letters patent on 17 December 1540 by Henry VIII. Under the Bishop of Westminster of the newly created Diocese of Westminster, there was a dean and 12 canons, six of whom were former monks of the abbey. They survived the dissolution of the diocese in 1550, becoming a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556 when the college was dissolved by Mary I. The second college of canons was established on 21 May 1560 by Elizabeth I, this time as a royal peculiar.[1] From 16 November 1645 the dean and canons were dispersed, and a committee of the Lords and Commons from the Long Parliament governed. The dean and canons were restored on the Restoration in 1660.

Current chapter

Dean of Westminster
John Hall (since 2 December 2006 installation)[2] Dean of Westminster
Canons Residentiary of Westminster
Vernon White (since 7 May 2011 installation)[3] Canon Theologian
David Stanton (since 5 October 2013 installation)[4] Canon Treasurer and Almoner
Jane Sinclair (since 7 September 2014)[5] Rector of St Margaret's
Anthony Ball (since 10 September 2016 installation)[6] Canon Steward
vacant roles (since Tremlett's installation as Dean of Durham, 17 July 2016) Sub-dean and Archdeacon of Westminster
Minor Canons[NB 1]
Chris Stoltz (since 4 May 2014 installation)[7][8] Minor Canon and Precentor (previously Sacrist, until summer 2015)
Mark Birch (since January 2015 installation)[9] Minor Canon and Chaplain
Paul Arbuthnot (since 13 September 2015 installation)[10] Minor Canon and Sacrist
Receiver General[NB 2]
Stephen Lamport (since 2008)[11] Receiver General
  1. ↑ The Minor Canons do not form part of the Chapter, but are nonetheless full-time clergy of the abbey.
  2. ↑ The Receiver General is a lay member of the abbey, and the clerk to the Dean and Chapter.

Roles within the chapter

Today, the roles divided between the canons residentiary generally include: the sub-dean, who is second to the dean; the canon treasurer; the canon steward, who is responsible for the welcoming of visitors; canon theologian; the canon almoner; the Archdeacon of Westminster; and the rector of St Margaret's. Between and among the chapter of canons, roles can be and are reshuffled as desired. The minor canons are the precentor, the sacrist and, since 2016, the Abbey chaplain (not to be confused with the Speaker's Chaplain). Historically, other roles have included the Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons ("Speaker's Chaplain" or "Chaplain to the Commons"), the Headmaster of Westminster School and the rector of St John's, Smith Square (also called St John the Evangelist, Westminster.)

List of canons

First foundation (cathedral, 1540–1556)

The first a canon of each stall was appointed by Henry VIII in the foundation charter dated 17 December 1540.[12] Eight canons were deprived of their prebends by Mary I on 30 March 1554 and one resigned shortly after; only three remained in post. (See also: Marian exiles.)

Canons of the 1st Prebend

Canons of the 2nd Prebend

Canons of the 3rd Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – bef. 1547 (res.): Edward Layton
  • 15 June 1547 – 30 March 1554 (depr.): Edward Keble
  • 12 April 1554 – 26 September 1556: John Baker

Canons of the 4th Prebend

Canons of the 5th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – 18 July 1552 (d.): William Bretten
  • 30 July 1552 – 10 May 1554 (res.): Edmund Grindal, Precentor of St Paul's
  • 28 May 1554 – 1554 (d.): John Moreman
  • 11 September 1554 – 26 September 1556: John Smith

Canons of the 6th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – bef. 1543 (d.): Denis Dalyon (former prior)
  • 18 May 1543 – 30 March 1554 (depr.): John Pekyns
  • 5 April 1554 – 26 September 1556: Francis Mallet (also Dean of Lincoln from 1554)

Canons of the 7th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – 30 March 1554 (depr.): Humphrey Parkyns/Charite (former monk)
  • 18 May 1554 – 26 September 1556: Alphonso de Salinas

Canons of the 8th Prebend

Canons of the 9th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – bef. 1546 (res.): Thomas Elfryde (former monk)
  • 23 July 1546 – 30 March 1554 (depr.): Bernard Sandiforth
  • 21 April 1554 – 26 September 1556: Henry Cole (also Provost of Eton; became Dean of St Paul's)

Canons of the 10th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – 1541 (d.): John Rumney/Malvern (former monk)
  • 26 November 1541 – 30 March 1554 (depr.): Edmund Weston
  • 12 May 1554 – 26 September 1556: Thomas Wood

Canons of the 11th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – 1544 (d.): William Harvye/Faythe (former monk)
  • 28 November 1544 – 26 September 1556: Thomas Reynold

Canons of the 12th Prebend

  • 17 December 1540 – 1549 (d.): Gerard Carleton (also Dean of Peterborough from 1543)
  • 7 September 1549 – bef. 1551 (d.): Giles Eyer
  • 20 October 1551 – 30 March 1554 (depr.): Thomas Birkhed
  • 3 May 1554 – 26 September 1556: William Pye

The first secular chapter was abolished on 26 September 1556.

Second Foundation (Royal Peculiar, 1560–1660)

Twelve canons were appointed (or re-appointed) by Elizabeth I at the refoundation of the secular chapter, 21 May 1560.[13]

Canons of the 1st Prebend

  • 30 June 1560 – bef. 1566 (res.): William Barlow, Bishop of Chichester
  • 20 April 1566 – 2 May 1585 (d.): Thomas Browne (sometime Sub-Dean; also Headmaster until 1570)
  • 26 May 1585 – 27 February 1633 (d.): Thomas Montford
  • 8 March 1633 – bef. 1652 (d.): Gabriel More

Canons of the 2nd Prebend

  • 30 June 1560 – 16 November 1577 (d.): Humphrey Parkyns/Charite (former 7th canon)
  • 23 April 1578 – 25 April 1587 (d.): John Reade
  • 9 May 1587 – bef. 1609 (d.): Richard Wood
  • 27 September 1609 – bef. 1626 (res.): Henry Caesar or Adelmare (also Dean of Ely from 1614)
  • 10 January 1626 – bef. 1653 (d.): Thomas Wilson

Canons of the 3rd Prebend

Canons of the 4th Prebend

Canons of the 5th Prebend

Canons of the 6th Prebend

Canons of the 7th Prebend

Canons of the 8th Prebend

Canons of the 9th Prebend

Canons of the 10th Prebend

Canons of the 11th Prebend

Canons of the 12th Prebend

Second Foundation (Royal Peculiar, since 1660)

The prebendaries admitted since the Restoration in 1660 have had no fixed stalls to their prebends, but upon any vacancy the new prebendary was installed in the lowest stall on the side where the vacancy happened, and not in the stall of him who died, or was promoted.[14] Since all but four (5th, 6th, 8th & 11th) prebends were vacant before 1660, it is not possible to assert that any particular succession of canons relates to any previous prebend except for those four.

A prebend at Westminster was highly sought after by the ecclesiastical establishment. The value of the prebend helped to enrich the salaries of some of the poorer bishops, who retained their prebends at Westminster whilst in office. Other distinguishing features of the Westminster chapter were the close links with Westminster School – thirteen headmasters were canons – and eleven members of the peerage or baronetage were members of the chapter at various times.

The Ecclesiastical Commissioners reports in 1835 and 1836 (as enacted in the statute 3 & 4 Queen Victoria c. 113) called for a reduction in the number of canons from twelve to six. Two of the remaining prebends were united with the rectories of St Margaret's, Westminster and St John's, Smith Square (which had already been held by a canon of no particular prebend for quite some time). The number of prebends was reduced further from six to five in 1890 on the resignation of Brooke Westcott and from five to four in 1941 on the resignation of Russell Barry (rector of St John's).

Canons are listed here by succession, rather than by chronological order of appointment.

Canons in the succession of John Doughty

Canons in the succession of Walter Jones

Canonry suspended since 1890.

Canons in the succession of Henry Killigrew

Killigrew had previously been appointed, without effect, to the 12th prebend.
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Richard Busby

No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of John Sudbury

No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of James Lamb

  • 23 July 1660 – 18 October 1664 (d.): James Lamb (also Rector of St Andrew, Holborn from 1662)
  • 3 November 1664 – 1673 (d.): Richard Perrinchief (also a canon of St Paul's from 1664; also Archdeacon of Huntingdon from 1670)
  • 22 September 1673 – 1674 (d.): Richard Colebrand
  • 16 September 1674 – 30 June 1694 (d.): Adam Littleton
  • 15 September 1694 – 31 January 1722 (d.): Thomas Dent
  • 15 February 1722 – bef. 1729 (res.): John Wynne (in commendam; also Bishop of St Asaph until 1727; also Bishop of Bath and Wells from 1727)
  • 25 November 1729 – 2 May 1753 (d.): Scawen Kenrick, Speaker's Chaplain (Rector of St Margaret's from 1730; Archdeacon 1734–?; Sub-Dean from 1743)
  • 27 April 1754 – 1768 (res.): John Thomas (became Dean)
  • 20 July 1768 – 5 February 1784 (d.): William Stockwood
  • 13 February 1784 – 1787 (res.): George Pretyman (became Bishop of Lincoln)
  • 29 March 1787 – 23 March 1808 (d.): Samuel Smith (also Headmaster until 1788)
  • 30 April 1808 – 1822 (res.): Frederick Blomberg (became a canon of St Paul's)
  • 1 February 1822 – 7 February 1836 (d.): George Holcombe
From Jennings onwards, the canons in Lamb's stall were ex officio rectors of St John's, Smith Square.
Canonry suspended since 1941; St John's parish united to St Stephen's, Rochester Row on 24 November 1950.[50]

Canons in the succession of David Mitchel

Thomas Rowsell
  • 22 November 1881[53] – 23 January 1894 (d.):[54] Thomas Rowsell

Canons in the succession of Francis Walsall

Vacancy of 2 years.
  • 7 November 1838 – 7 July 1859 (d.): Temple Frere, Speaker's Chaplain
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Herbert Thorndike

Thorndike was appointed in succession to Matthew Nicholas, canon formerly of the 5th prebend.
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Charles Gibbs

Gibbs was appointed in succession to Peter Heylin, canon formerly of the 6th prebend.
  • 21 May 1662 – 16 September 1681 (d.): Charles Gibbs
  • 22 October 1681 – bef. 1687 (d.): William Sill
  • 13 June 1687 – bef. 1694 (d.): George Berkeley
  • 5 November 1694 – bef. 1697 (d.): William Payne
  • 5 March 1697 – 29 June 1715 (d.): Richard Lucas
  • 1715 – 28 March 1722 (d.): Robert Cannon
  • 7 May 1722 – January 1725 (d.): John Mandeville, Dean of Peterborough
  • 5 February 1725 – 16 November 1741 (d.): James Hargraves, Rector of St Margaret's (also Dean of Chichester from 1739)
  • 30 November 1741 – 17 November 1754 (d.): Richard Bullock
  • 13 May 1755 – 1762 (res.): John Oswald
  • 1 July 1762 – 1 December 1772 (d.): Charles Burdett
  • 26 December 1772 – 16 September 1781 (d.): Thomas Marriott
  • 1 November 1781 – 18 May 1803 (d.): Robert Finch, Rector of St John's
  • 31 May 1803 – 29 September 1846 (d.): Holland Edwards, Rector of St John's
No successor appointed per the Victorian statutes.

Canons in the succession of Robert South

South was appointed in succession to Benjamin Lany, formerly a canon of the 8th prebend.

Canons in the succession of George Stradling

Stradling was appointed in succession to William Haywood, canon formerly of the 11th prebend.
In 1836 (during Milman's tenure), the canons in succession to Stradling were made ex officio rectors of St Margaret's, Westminster (then a parish in the Diocese of London).
The arrangement whereby the canon in this succession was also Rector of St Margaret's appears to have ended in 1978, when Charles was appointed in succession to Edwards but not made Rector; the parish had been broken up and dissolved and the church returned to the Abbey's care by the Westminster Abbey and Saint Margaret Westminster Act 1972.
  • 8 September 1978 – 28 October 1989 (d.): Sebastian Charles, Canon Steward (Treasurer from 1982)[106]
  • 1990–1994 (ret.): Paul Bates[107]
  • 1995–2005 (ret.): David Hutt, Canon Steward (Archdeacon & Sub-Dean from 1999; afterwards a canon emeritus)[108]
  • 2006 – 21 June 2014 (res.): Jane Hedges, Canon Steward (Archdeacon 2006–2009 & 2010–2014; Sub-Dean 2013–2014)[109]
  • 7 September 2014 – present: Jane Sinclair, Rector of St Margaret's (since 1 September 2016;[91] previously Canon Steward)[5]

Notes

  1. ↑ Tremlett was appointed Sub-Dean and Archdeacon between 6 July[93] and 3 August 2014.[94]

References

  1. ↑ Knighton, C. S. & Mortimer, Richard. Westminster Abbey reformed: 1540–1640
  2. ↑ Westminster Abbey – John Hall (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  3. 1 2 Westminster Abbey – Address at White's installation (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  4. ↑ Westminster Abbey – David Stanton installed as a canon (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  5. 1 2 Westminster Abbey – Archdeacon appointed Canon (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  6. 1 2 Westminster Abbey — New Canon Steward Appointed (Accessed 11 September 2016)
  7. ↑ Westminster Abbey – Sermon at Stoltz's installation (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  8. ↑ Twitter Trinity Choir (Accessed 21 October 2016)
  9. ↑ Westminster Abbey – Mark Birch — Minor Canon and Chaplain (Accessed 20 October 2016)
  10. ↑ Westminster Abbey – Arbuthnot appointed Minor Canon and Sacrist of Westminster (Accessed 20 October 2016)
  11. ↑ Westminster Abbey – Lamport appointed Receiver General (Accessed 21 July 2014)
  12. ↑ Letters and Paper, Foreign and Domestic, King Henry VIII XVI no. 379 (30)
  13. ↑ Calendar of Papal Registers relating to Great Britain and Ireland 1558–60
  14. ↑ Biographical Illustrations of Westminster Abbey. Whittaker. 1843 p283
  15. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 23473. p. 1383. 26 February 1869.
  16. ↑ The Peerage – George Prothero (Accessed 24 July 2014)
  17. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26580. p. 7451. 18 December 1894.
  18. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27413. p. 1535. 4 March 1902.
  19. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27932. p. 4885. 17 July 1906.
  20. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28742. p. 5488. 1 August 1913.
  21. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33702. p. 2059. 27 March 1931.
  22. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34320. p. 5716. 4 September 1936.
  23. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34537. p. 4964. 2 August 1938.
  24. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34558. p. 6195. 4 October 1938.
  25. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34929. p. 5152. 23 August 1940.
  26. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 35394. p. 7306. 26 December 1941.
  27. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 43228. p. 744. 24 January 1964.
  28. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 44632. p. 7751. 12 July 1968.
  29. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 46676. p. 11185. 4 September 1975.
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  32. ↑ Middleton, Michael John. Who's Who. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
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  36. ↑ Australian Dictionary of Biography – Barry, Alfred (1826–1910) (Accessed 24 July 2014)
  37. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography – Westcott, Brooke Foss (1825–1901) (Accessed 24 July 2014)
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  40. 1 2 The Edinburgh Gazette: no. 10551. p. 306. 9 March 1894.
  41. 1 2 Furse, Charles Wellington. Who Was Who. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
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  43. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 29660. p. 6851. 11 July 1916.
  44. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 30852. p. 9696. 20 August 1918.
  45. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33126. p. 534. 22 January 1926.
  46. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33139. p. 1643. 5 March 1926.
  47. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33923. p. 1958. 21 March 1933.
  48. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 33943. p. 3544. 26 May 1933.
  49. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 35283. p. 5515. 23 September 1941.
  50. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 39075. p. 5890. 24 November 1950.
  51. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 22909. p. 5265. 8 November 1864.
  52. ↑ The Edinburgh Gazette: no. 7903. p. 1389. 17 November 1868.
  53. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 25040. p. 5713. 22 November 1881.
  54. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 26485. p. 1005. 16 February 1894.
  55. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27228. p. 5616. 11 September 1900.
  56. 1 2 Robinson, Joseph Armitage. Who Was Who. 1920–2008 (December 2007 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 23 April 2013.
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  58. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 28562. p. 9444. 15 December 1911.
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  61. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 31131. p. 904. 17 January 1919.
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  66. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 34382. p. 1910. 23 March 1937.
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  69. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 46082. p. 11205. 20 September 1973.
  70. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 48765. p. 13039. 15 October 1981.
  71. ↑ Baker, John Austin. Who's Who. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
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  74. 1 2 3 Westminster Abbey – Sagovsky appointed Sub-Dean (Accessed 21 July 2014)
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  76. ↑ White, Prof. Vernon Philip. Who's Who. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
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  91. 1 2 Westminster Abbey — Sinclair appointed Rector of St Margaret's (Accessed 23 February 2016)
  92. ↑ Tremlett, Andrew. Who's Who. 2014 (December 2013 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  93. ↑ Services at St Margaret's Church – 6 July 2014 (Accessed 18 August 2014)
  94. ↑ Sermons given – 3 August 2014 (Accessed 18 August 2014)
  95. ↑ The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant (1910), Cokayne, George Edward (main author) and Vicary Gibbs (added author), (New edition. 13 volumes in 14. London: St. Catherine Press,1910-), vol. 13 p. 500
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  98. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 27247. p. 7018. 16 November 1900.
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  100. ↑
  101. ↑ Storr, Canon Vernon Faithfull. Who Was Who. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  102. ↑ Don, Alan Campbell. Who Was Who. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
  103. ↑ Smyth, Charles Hugh Egerton. Who Was Who. 1920–2014 (April 2014 online ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
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  107. ↑ "Obituary: Paul Bates". The Telegraph. 2 June 2006. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
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Sources

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