Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway

Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway

Historic passenger depot at Boca Grande
Locale	Mulberry, Florida Boca Grande, Florida
Successor	Seaboard Air Line Railway
Track gauge	4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway is a historic railroad line that at its greatest extent serviced Gasparilla Island in Charlotte Harbor and a major shipping port that once operated there. The railroad's principal purpose was to transport phosphate mined along the Peace River and in the Bone Valley region of Central Florida to the port to be shipped. It also brought passengers to the island community of Boca Grande on Gasparilla Island, and is largely responsible for making Boca Grande the popular tourist destination it is today. Part of the line remains in service today between Mulberry and Arcadia, which is now owned and operated by CSX Transportation. Today, it makes up CSX's Achan Subdivision and part of their Brewster Subdivision.

Route

Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway (CSX's Achan/Brewster Subdivisions)

Legend Valrico Subdivision SVH 7.1 Mulberry Bone Valley Subdivision SVH 4.4 Achan Achan Subdivision Brewster Subdivision Valrico Subdivision SVC 835.8 Edison SVC 843.5 Bradley Junction SVC 845.6 Brewster SVC 855.3 Garwood Peace River SVC 883.0 Arcadia Seminole Gulf Railway Fort Ogden (abandoned) former SAL to Fort Myers Peace River Port Charlotte (abandoned) El Jobean (abandoned) Myakka River Placida (abandoned) Gasparilla Sound Boca Grande (abandoned) Port Boca Grande (abandoned)

At its greatest extent, the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway ran from Mulberry to the southern tip of Gasparilla Island, a distance of nearly 100 miles. From Mulberry, the line proceeded south in a mostly straight trajectory through Bradley Junction and Ona to Arcadia.

What remains of the line today terminates in Arcadia but historically, it continued from Arcadia southwest along the Peace River through Nocatee and Fort Ogden, where it crossed the river. Once across the river, it continued through northwest Port Charlotte alongside of what is today Veterans Boulevard and State Road 776. It crossed the Myakka River in El Jobean and continued running south just northwest of what is today Gasparilla Road toward Placida and Gasparilla Island.

In Placida, the line crossed a causeway consisting of three major trestles onto Gasparilla Island, where it ran the length of the island and terminating at the Boca Grande port at the south end of the island near Port Boca Grande Lighthouse.

History

Large amounts of Phosphate, a valuable commodity used in agriculture, was discovered along the Peace River in the late 1800s . Transporting phosphate by ship down the Peace River was a slow and tedious process due to the river levels being low at some times. The Florida Southern Railroad (which later became part of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad) operated tracks along the south side of the river, and it was also used to some extent to transport phosphate to its dock in Punta Gorda for shipment.

Boca Grande Pass, a natural deepwater inlet at the south end of Gasparilla Island, was seen as the perfect place for a deepwater port to simplify the process of shipping phosphate. The Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway was first chartered in 1897 as the Alafia, Manatee, and Gulf Coast Railroad. Peter B. Bradley, who created the American Agricultural Chemicals Company, secured the charter for the line in 1905, and renamed it the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway.^[1]

By 1907, the line was completed between Boca Grande and Arcadia, where repair shops were located, as well as a connection to the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad's route from Lakeland to Fort Myers. The Boca Grande port included a 3,000 foot dock for loading large vessels directly from railroad cars. In addition to transporting freight, it also provided passenger service to Boca Grande, which was famous for its world-class tarpon fishing. Three passenger depots existed on Gasparilla Island, with one at the north end of the island, one in downtown Boca Grande (which still stands), and one at the port at the south end of the island where boat connections could be made to nearby Useppa Island.^[1]

By 1910, the line was extended north beyond Arcadia to Bradley Junction, where a connection to the Seaboard Air Line Railroad's spur from Plant City was established.^[2] In addition to penetrating more phosphate-rich regions of the state, the extension provided a shortcut for trains traveling between Boca Grande and Tampa. A further extension to phosphate mines in Mulberry was later built, which also provided additional connections to both the Atlantic Coast Line and Seaboard Air Line Railroads (which are today CSX's Bone Valley and Valrico Subdivisions respectively).^[3]

In 1925, the line was leased by the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, who then fully purchased the line from the American Agricultural Chemicals Company a year later.^[4] In addition to gaining access to the Boca Grande port, Seaboard used the line to build their much celebrated route to Fort Myers and Naples (the Seaboard-All Florida Railway). That route, which opened in early 1927 but only lasted until 1952, branched off of the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway near Fort Ogden.^[5]

Abandonment

Increased competition from more substantial facilities in the Tampa Bay area led to the closure of the Boca Grande Port in 1979. The abandonment and removal of the line from the port to just south of Arcadia in 1981 was a direct result of the closure.

Despite its removal, evidence of the line can still be found on Gasparilla Island and Charlotte County. Most of the right of way on Gasparilla Island was purchased by a local entrepreneur and converted into the popular Boca Grande Bike Path, the first rail trail in the state of Florida. The Cape Haze Pioneer Trail was later built on the right of way between western Port Charlotte and Placida in the mid 2000s.

The most substantial remnant of the line is the historic Boca Grande passenger depot at Park and 4th Streets, which is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Passenger service to Boca Grande had been discontinued earlier in 1958 shortly after the opening of the Boca Grande Causeway. The depot was restored in the 1970s and today houses shops and a restaurant.

A number of bridges along the abandoned route also remain to this day as well, the most notable of which is the causeway over Gasparilla Sound that connected the line to the island. The southernmost trestle is now a fishing pier as is the northernmost trestle up to the abandoned drawbridge tower.^[6] The rest of the causeway and trestles, which remain just to the south of the Boca Grande Causeway, are now completely abandoned. The bascule span on the northernmost trestle was removed and the center trestle's swing span is locked open to facilitate boat traffic.

Other remaining bridges include trestles over the Myakka River and Coral Creek, which have been converted into fishing piers.

Current Operations

Trackage between Mulberry and Arcadia is all that remains of the Charlotte Harbor and Northern Railway today. It makes up CSX's Achan Subdivision from Mulberry to Bradley Junction, and the Brewster Subdivision from Bradley Junction to Arcadia (the Brewster Subdivision also includes the former Seaboard route from Bradley Junction to Edison).^[7][8][9] CSX continues to use the line for transporting phosphate mined in the northern Bone Valley region, and other commodities. The Brewster Subdivision is today CSX's second busiest route for phosphate traffic in the region (after the Valrico Subdivision).^[10] The line's terminus in Arcadia also serves as an interchange with Seminole Gulf Railway, which operates freight service along the remaining Atlantic Coast Line route south to Punta Gorda, Fort Myers, and Bonita Springs.

Gallery

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  Boca Grande Bike Trail on former right of way on Gasparilla Island

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  Abandoned drawbridge tower on the former bascule bridge over Gasparilla Sound

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  Swing bridge over Gasparilla Sound

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  Fishing Pier on southernmost Gasparilla Island trestle

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  Placida Bunk House was built by the railroad to house their employees and originally stood in Placida. It now resides at the Cape Haze Pioneer Trail's Mercer trailhead.

References