Chris Grayling

The Right Honourable
Chris Grayling
MP
Secretary of State for Transport
Assumed office
14 July 2016
Prime Minister Theresa May
Preceded by Patrick McLoughlin
Leader of the House of Commons
In office
9 May 2015 – 14 July 2016
Prime Minister David Cameron
Preceded by William Hague
Succeeded by David Lidington
Lord President of the Council
In office
9 May 2015 – 14 July 2016
Prime Minister David Cameron
Preceded by Nick Clegg
Succeeded by David Lidington
Secretary of State for Justice
Lord Chancellor
In office
4 September 2012 – 9 May 2015
Prime Minister David Cameron
Preceded by Ken Clarke
Succeeded by Michael Gove
Minister of State for Employment
In office
13 May 2010 – 4 September 2012
Prime Minister David Cameron
Preceded by Jim Knight (Employment and Welfare Reform)
Succeeded by Mark Hoban
Shadow Home Secretary
In office
19 January 2009 – 11 May 2010
Leader David Cameron
Preceded by Dominic Grieve
Succeeded by Alan Johnson
Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
In office
2 July 2007 – 19 January 2009
Leader David Cameron
Preceded by Philip Hammond
Succeeded by Theresa May
Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
In office
6 December 2005 – 2 July 2007
Leader David Cameron
Preceded by Tim Yeo
Succeeded by Theresa Villiers
Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
In office
10 May 2005 – 6 December 2005
Leader Michael Howard
Preceded by Oliver Heald
Succeeded by Theresa May
Member of Parliament
for Epsom and Ewell
Assumed office
7 June 2001
Preceded by Archie Hamilton
Majority 24,443 (42.8%)
Personal details
Born Christopher Stephen Grayling
(1962-04-01) 1 April 1962
London, England
Political party Social Democrat (Before 1988)[1]
Conservative (1988–present)
Spouse(s) Susan Dillistone
Children 2
Alma mater Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
Religion Anglicanism

Christopher Stephen Grayling PC MP (born 1 April 1962 in London) is a British Conservative Party politician and former author who has been the Secretary of State for Transport since July 2016, when Theresa May became Prime Minister. Following the 2010 general election and the formation of the Coalition Government, Grayling was made the Minister of State for Employment.[2]

In September 2012, he was appointed to the UK Cabinet in a reshuffle, replacing Kenneth Clarke as the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice from 2012 to 2015. He was the first non-lawyer to have served as Lord Chancellor for at least 440 years. He was the Leader of the House of Commons and the Lord President of the Council between 2015 and 2016.

Grayling studied at Cambridge University and published a number of books as well as working for the BBC and Channel 4 before going into politics. First elected to Parliament in the 2001 general election for Epsom and Ewell, he was appointed to the Shadow Cabinet of David Cameron in 2005 as Shadow Secretary of State for Transport. From 2007 he became the Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, and in 2009 he was appointed Shadow Home Secretary.

Early life

Grayling was born in London and grew up in Buckinghamshire, where he was educated at the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe. He then went to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, where he graduated with an upper-second class Bachelor of Arts degree in history in 1984.[3]

Early adulthood

Grayling joined BBC News in 1985 as a trainee, becoming a producer in 1986. He left the BBC in 1988 to join Channel 4 as an editor on its Business Daily television programme. He rejoined the BBC in 1991 as a business development manager on BBC Select. On leaving the BBC again in 1993, he ran several television production companies, including managing the corporate communications division of Workhouse Ltd from 1992–95 and SSVC Group in Gerrards Cross from 1995–97.

He became a management consultant in 1997 with Burson Marsteller, where he remained until his election to Parliament. Prior to joining the Conservative Party, Grayling was a member of the Social Democratic Party.[4]

Early Political career

Borough Councillor (1998–2002)

Grayling was selected to contest the Labour-held marginal seat of Warrington South at the 1997 general election, but was defeated by Labour candidate Helen Southworth by 10,807 votes. He was elected as a councillor for the Hillside ward in the London Borough of Merton in 1998 and remained on the council until 2002.

Elected Member of Parliament (2001)

Grayling was elected to the House of Commons to represent the Surrey seat of Epsom and Ewell at the 2001 general election following the retirement of the veteran Tory MP Archie Hamilton. Grayling held the seat with a majority of 10,080 and has been returned as MP there since. He made his maiden speech on 25 June 2001.[5]

Shadow Cabinet (2001–2010)

Grayling in 2009

Grayling served on the Environment, Transport and the Regions Select Committee from 2001 until he was promoted to the Opposition Whips' Office by Iain Duncan Smith in 2002, moving to become a Spokesman for Health later in the year. He became a Spokesman for Education and Skills by Michael Howard in 2003.

Following the 2005 general election he became a member of Howard's Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Leader of the House of Commons; and after the election of David Cameron as the leader of the Conservative Party in December 2005 he served as the Shadow Secretary of State for Transport. In June 2007, he was made Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, a post he held until January 2009 when he became Shadow Home Secretary.

Conservative "attack-dog"

Grayling became known as a national politician through his "attack dog" pressure on leading Labour politicians.[6] He was heavily involved in the questioning of David Blunkett, the then Work and Pensions Secretary, over his business affairs which led to Blunkett's resignation in 2005.[7]

Grayling also challenged Tony Blair and his wife Cherie over the money they made from lectures while Blair was Prime Minister. He also challenged minister Stephen Byers over his handling of the Railtrack collapse.[8]

Expenses claims

Between 2001 and 2009,[9] Grayling claimed expenses for his flat in Pimlico, close to the Houses of Parliament, despite having a constituency home no further than 17 miles away.[10] Grayling says he uses the flat when "working very late" because he needs to "work very erratic and late hours most days when the House of Commons is sitting."[11] During the Parliamentary expenses scandal, The Daily Telegraph reported that Grayling refitted and redecorated the flat in 2005 costing over £5,000.[10] Grayling's expenses issue was seen as embarrassing for the Conservative Party as he had previously criticised Labour ministers for being implicated in sleaze scandals.[12]

Comparing Moss Side to The Wire

As Shadow Home Secretary, Grayling provoked controversy in August 2009 when he compared Manchester's Moss Side area to the American TV crime drama The Wire. His comments received angry responses from Manchester locals and police.[13][14] Having been out on patrol for a day with the police, observing the results of a shooting at a house, he described himself as having witnessed an "urban war". Police responded that gang-related shootings in Greater Manchester had fallen by 82 percent from the previous year and that to speak of "urban war" was "sensationalistic".[13]

A local councillor, Roy Walters, complained of Moss Side unfairly being a "negative target" due to historical associations.[13] He was, however, defended by right wing commentators who said he spoke for the "mainstream majority". Sticking by his comments, Grayling said, "I didn't say Moss Side equals Baltimore. What I said is that we have in Moss Side symptoms of a gang conflict in this country which I find profoundly disturbing."[14] Baltimore, with a population of about 600,000, was noted as having 191 gun related murders in the previous year, in comparison to Moss Side, population 17,537, which had none.[13]

Statistics controversy

Grayling as Shadow Home Secretary

Grayling came under fire as Shadow Home Secretary over the Conservative Party's use of statistics on violent crime.[15] In February 2010, the Conservative Party issued press releases to every constituency in the UK claiming that crime had "risen sharply" in the UK. They failed, however, to take into account the more rigorous system for recording crime. The chairman of the UK Statistics Authority, Sir Michael Scholar, said that the figures Grayling was using were "likely to mislead the public" and "likely to damage public trust in official statistics" as the way in which crime was calculated had been changed in 2002.[16]

A Conservative-commissioned report by the independent House of Commons library suggested that, depending on how figures were calculated, Grayling's claims may have been justifiable and that violent crime may have risen in the period between 1998 and 2009.[16] The incumbent Home Secretary, Alan Johnson called Grayling's use of crime statistics "dodgy" and that, using the British Crime Survey, it could be shown that violent crime had, in fact, reduced by 41% over the same period.[16]

Gay couples in B&Bs controversy

Chris Grayling in January 2012

In March 2010, Grayling was recorded at an open meeting of the Centre for Policy Studies think tank saying that during the debates on civil liberties under the Labour Government, he had felt that Christians should have the right to live by their consciences and that Christian owners of bed and breakfasts should have the right to turn away gay couples.[17] Grayling said:

"I personally always took the view that, if you look at the case of should a Christian hotel owner have the right to exclude a gay couple from a hotel, I took the view that if it's a question of somebody who's doing a B&B in their own home, that individual should have the right to decide who does and who doesn't come into their own home. If they are running a hotel on the high street, I really don’t think that it is right in this day and age that a gay couple should walk into a hotel and be turned away because they are a gay couple, and I think that is where the dividing line comes."[18]

When the recording was released by The Observer, on 3 April 2010,[19] Grayling's comments caused uproar,[20] with Ben Summerskill, Chief Executive of the gay rights group Stonewall, saying that this position would be "illegal" and "very alarming to a lot of gay people who may have been thinking of voting Conservative".[20] Lord Mandelson, the most senior gay minister in the (then Labour) Government, added that the comment showed that the Conservative Party had not changed, that "when the camera is on they say one thing, but when the camera is off they say another".[21] Conservative Party leader David Cameron was subsequently urged to "back or sack" Grayling,[22] with gay rights campaigner Peter Tatchell saying that "Cameron's silence is worrying. Many voters – gay and straight – will be disturbed by his failure to swiftly disown Grayling's support for homophobic discrimination. What does this say about the sincerity and seriousness of his commitment to gay equality?"[23]

A poll for the website www.pinknews.co.uk released on 5 April[24] found that support for the Conservatives in the LGBT community had fallen drastically since Grayling's comments.[25] Author Douglas Murray has dubbed Grayling "a political buffoon, unsure of what he is saying and with little idea of how to say it."[26] Anastasia Beaumont-Bott, founder of LGBTory, a gay rights group which campaigns for the Conservatives, announced that she would be voting for Labour, not the Conservatives, in response to Grayling's comments. She said, "I feel guilty because as a gay woman affected by LGBT rights I am on record saying you should vote Conservative, and I want to reverse that. I want to go on record to say don't vote Conservative. I'd go as far to say that I'll vote Labour at this general election."[27] Beaumont-Bott was joined in defecting from the Conservatives to Labour a week later by prominent gay rights campaigner David Heathcote.[28] Grayling’s comments, however, were defended by a number of commentators, including the Today Programme presenter and leading gay broadcaster Evan Davis and leading Christian groups.[29]

Grayling apologised on 9 April, saying "I am sorry if what I said gave the wrong impression, I certainly didn't intend to offend anyone... I voted for gay rights, I voted for this particular measure." Various commentators speculated that he might have been "hidden away" by his party when he made relatively few public appearances in the days of the general election campaign that followed.[30][31] It is unclear whether his remarks were the reason that David Cameron chose to appoint Theresa May as Home Secretary in his new Cabinet, rather than Grayling who held the position in the Shadow Cabinet; Grayling was not given any Cabinet post, as had been predicted by some media commentators prior to the election.[32] On 31 January 2013, it was reported that Grayling would vote in favour of same-sex marriage in England and Wales.[33]

Government Minister (2010–)

Grayling as Secretary of State for Transport in Tokyo

Minister for Work and Pensions

On 28 May 2010, Grayling was sworn to the Privy Council in the 2010 Dissolution of Parliament Honours List.[34][35] Grayling served as Minister of State, Department for Work and Pensions, from 2010 until 2012, before being promoted to the Cabinet, on 4 September 2012, as Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice. As minister at DWP he was responsible for jobcentres. A controversial minister at the despatch box, measures were introduced to reduce costs, leaving 100,000 staff redundant in offices around the country. In the context of a "Broken Society" he accused some families of being habitually unemployed, generation after generation, living in sink council estates in the inner cities. Grayling was advocated for cuts to the DWP budgets in order to constrain welfare spending.

The policy later informed treatment of prisoners, refusing the right to vote, and clamping down on abusive behaviours in jails. He announced work programs for prisoners, encouraged an end to the "something for nothing culture". More people than ever were found fit to work as part of a package of measures in £5 bn program to make work for the long-term unemployed.[36]

Justice Secretary

Sworn in as Lord Chancellor on 1 October 2012 at Westminster Abbey,[37] he was elected an Honorary Bencher of Gray's Inn on 11 December 2012, due in part to his lack of legal qualifications. He was the first non-lawyer to have served as Lord Chancellor for at least 440 years.(It was reported that the last such non-lawyer was the Earl of Shaftesbury in 1672–3;[38] but the Earl was admitted to Lincoln's Inn in 1638.[39]) Grayling's appointment was widely seen as a return to a more hard line approach than that of his predecessor, Clarke.[40][41] Indeed, Grayling pursued a "tough justice" agenda, including ending automatic early release for terrorists and child rapists,[42] ending simple cautions for serious offences,[43] and introducing greater protections for householders who defend themselves against intruders.[44] The leading human rights barrister Lord Pannick described Grayling's performance as "notable only for his attempts to restrict judicial reviews and human rights , his failure to protect the judiciary against criticism from his colleagues and the reduction of legal aid to a bare minimum.[45] "

Prisoner reforms

One of Grayling's first acts at the Ministry of Justice was to commence a project to change the way offenders were rehabilitated in an effort to cut reoffending rates. Under a system of "payment by results", private companies as well as charities were to play a greater role in looking after offenders on licence in the community.[46][47] Grayling's ban on books being sent into UK prisons has been widely criticised by the Howard League for Penal Reform and the literary establishment, including Philip Pullman, Mark Haddon, Anthony Horowitz, Susan Hill and Emma Donoghue.[48] The ban was described as obscene by Shaun Attwood of the TV show Banged Up Abroad who read over a thousand books in prison and credited books for being the lifeblood of rehabilitation.[49]

The move was defended as being not about a ban on books being sent into prison, but about parcels being sent in, as giving prisons access to the latter would almost certainly increase the amount of contraband getting into the prison estate.[50] On stepping down from his role as Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons Nick Harding criticised Grayling for "robustly" interfering with the contents of reports and Graying’s department for using financial controls to influence what was inspected, thereby threatening the independence of the Inspector's role.[51]

Prison benchmarking and staff cuts

A prison "benchmarking" programme was introduced in 2012 by Grayling to reduce the costs of of public sector prisons to match comparable private sector prisons, along with associated new core standards intended to result in prisoners having similar amounts of time spent outside their cells across similar prisons.[52] Prison officer numbers were reduced from about 23,000 in 2012 to about 18,000 in 2015.[53]

In 2015 the Justice Select Committee, following a year long prison inquiry, were critical of Justice ministers for apparent complacency about a 38% rise in prison deaths since 2012. The committee concluded that efficiency savings and staffing shortages had made "a significant contribution to the deterioration in safety" in prisons.[54][55]

A 'tough justice' agenda: court reforms

Grayling's proposed cuts to legal aid were widely criticised by the legal profession. In May 2013, 90 Queen's Counsels signed a letter sent to the Daily Telegraph that branded the cuts "unjust", as they would seriously undermine the rule of law.[56] 6 January 2014 saw the first strike in British history by barristers and solicitors in protest at the cuts.[57] In February 2014, he introduced the Criminal Justice and Courts Act 2015 to the House of Commons.[58] The Bill included measures to outlaw "revenge porn".[59] In October 2014 Grayling unveiled the Conservative Party's proposals[60] for reforms to human rights in order to curb the European Court of Human Rights' influence over British court rulings, whilst honouring the text of the original Convention on Human Rights in a British Bill of Rights and Responsibilities.[61][62][63] In December 2013, Alan Turing was granted a pardon by the Queen, after a process initiated by Grayling in his capacity as Lord Chancellor.[64][65][66] April 2015 saw Grayling introduce mandatory flat-fee court charges for magistrates courts, the lowest fee being £150 for a guilty plea. Lawyers feared that defendants may plead guilty to avoid falling into debt, and the president of the Law Society described the change as a threat to fair trials. The charges for crown court are up to £1,200.[67]

Justice department security failure

In January 2015, data relating to three fatal police shootings including details of marksmen and the deceased's family were lost in the post by the Justice Department. According to The Guardian it was particularly embarrassing for Grayling as the Government was claiming it needed to access personal data to deal with terrorism and could keep it securely. The data included details of the Mark Duggan shooting incident which had triggered the 2011 England riots.[68]

Leader of the House of Commons

After the 2015 general election, Grayling was appointed Leader of the House of Commons and Lord President of the Council. Michael Gove, who replaced Grayling as Secretary of State for Justice and Lord Chancellor,[69] was reportedly unimpressed with Grayling's "innovations".[70]

Transport Secretary

Grayling was appointed as Transport Secretary by new PM Theresa May in July 2016.[71]

Personal life

In April 1987 Grayling married Susan Clare Dillistone in Surrey: they have a daughter, and a son and live in the constituency.

Publications

References

  1. ↑ Toynbee, Polly (1 March 2011). "Some SDP thinking might strengthen Labour's nerve". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  2. ↑ "Her Majesty's Government". Number10.gov.uk. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
  3. ↑ Who is Chris Grayling? Meet the new Transport Secretary
  4. ↑ "Are there more ex-SDP members on the Tory front-bench than the Lib Dem front-bench?". Libdemvoice.org. 30 January 2009. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  5. ↑ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (25 June 2001). "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 25 Jun 2001 (pt 20)". Publications.parliament.uk. Retrieved 2 May 2010.
  6. ↑ "Attack Dog – Telegraph – December 2008". Blogs.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "Blunkett clings on for survival". scotsman.com.
  8. ↑ ""Cherie in trouble again" October 2005". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  9. ↑ Swaine, Jon (12 May 2009). "Chris Grayling to stop claiming second home allowances: MPs' expenses". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  10. 1 2 Watt, Holly (22 February 2006). "Daily Telegraph: Chris Grayling (11 May 2009)". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 13 May 2009.
  11. ↑ Grayling, Chris (January 2008). "MPs Expenses – January 2008". Grayling's website. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  12. ↑ "Chris Grayling's expenses". The Daily Telegraph. London. 26 June 2009.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Osuh, Chris (26 August 2009). "Grayling's comments on Moss Side condemned". Manchester Evening News. Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  14. 1 2 "Anger at Tory's Wire comparison". BBC News. 25 August 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  15. ↑ McSmith, Andy (5 February 2010). "Lies, damn lies and Tory crime statistics". The Independent. London. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  16. 1 2 3 Full scale of violent crime revealed, Daily Telegraph, 9 March 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  17. ↑ BBC News, 4 April 2010, "Grayling suggests B&Bs should be able to bar gay guests", BBC News.
  18. ↑ The Observer, 3 April 2010, Secret tape reveals Tory backing for ban on gays
  19. ↑ The Observer, 3 April 2010, Listen to the secret recording: Top Tory backs bar on gays
  20. 1 2 The Guardian, 3 April 2010, Secret tape reveals Tory backing for ban on gays
  21. ↑ The Times, 4 April 2010, Senior Tory Chris Grayling attacked for gaffe over gays in B&Bs
  22. ↑ Daily Telegraph, 4 April 2010, David Cameron urged to act over Chris Grayling's 'anti-gay' comments
  23. ↑ The Guardian, 4 April 2010, Chris Grayling reveals the real Tories
  24. ↑ Pink News, 5 April 2010, Exclusive: Cameron and Grayling gay gaffes cause Conservative popularity among LGBT community to plunge
  25. ↑ Pink News, 5 April 2010, Chris Grayling: Support for Conservatives among gays drops sharply after B&B row
  26. ↑ The Telegraph, 6 April 2010, Chris Grayling is a political buffoon. What if a B&B turned away black African Christians?
  27. ↑ The Independent, 8 April 2010, I'm voting Labour, founder of Tory gay rights group says
  28. ↑ Pink News, 14 April 2010, David Miliband welcomes former Tories who have quit party over gay rights
  29. ↑ "BBC's Evan Davis: Grayling comments not 'homophobic'". The Christian Institute.
  30. ↑ The Observer, 11 April 2010, They seek Chris here, they seek Chris there...
  31. ↑ The Telegraph, 13 April 2010, Chris Grayling finally makes an appearance at Conservative manifesto launch
  32. ↑ The Guardian, 14 April 2010, David Cameron's cabinet: who's in and who's out?
  33. ↑ "Chris Grayling and Baroness Warsi to vote in favour of same-sex marriage". Pink News. 31 January 2013. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  34. ↑ "Peerages, honours and appointments Number 10". Number10.gov.uk. 28 May 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  35. ↑ "Privy Counsellors | Privy Council". Privycouncil.independent.gov.uk. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  36. ↑ Peacock, Louisa. "Back to Work program". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  37. ↑ "Chris Grayling sworn in as Lord Chancellor". justice.gov.uk.
  38. ↑ "Queen's speech sketch: ceremony changes". scotsman.com.
  39. ↑ "COOPER, Sir Anthony Ashley, 2nd Bt. (1621–83), of Wimborne St. Giles, Dorset and The Close, Salisbury, Wilts.". historyofparliamentonline.org.
  40. ↑ "Chris Grayling takes hard line on prison". the Guardian.
  41. ↑ "Prison should be tougher for criminals, Justice Secretary Chris Grayling warns". The Daily Telegraph. London. 20 September 2012.
  42. ↑ Swinford, Steven (4 October 2013). "Chris Grayling to end early release for child rapists and terrorists". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  43. ↑ "Chris Grayling: Simple cautions for serious offences to be scrapped". www.gov.uk.
  44. ↑ "Conservative conference: Force against burglars to be allowed". BBC News. 9 October 2012.
  45. ↑ Smith, Andy (17 March 2017). "Andy McSmith's Diary: Chris Grayling the worst Lord Chancellor for 342 years? No, worse". The Independent. Retrieved 25 July 2016.
  46. ↑ "Rehabilitation revolution: the next steps". www.gov.uk.
  47. ↑ "Prison payment-by-results schemes see reoffending cut". BBC News. 13 June 2013.
  48. ↑ Green, Chris (24 March 2014). "Authors blast Chris Grayling's 'vindictive act' of banning prisoners from receiving books". The Independent.
  49. ↑ Jon. "Jon's Jail Journal (by Shaun Attwood)". jonsjailjournal.blogspot.co.uk.
  50. ↑ Hardman, Isabel (3 April 2014). "Nasty Chris Grayling is fighting to bring the justice 'blob' to book". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  51. ↑ "Nick Hardwick: Prisons inspector steps down with attack on Chris Grayling for trying to influence his work". The Independent. 20 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  52. ↑ Alan Travis, Steven Morris (29 April 2014). "Prisons governors ordered to cut costs by £149m a year". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  53. ↑ "Prisons to get 'biggest overhaul in a generation'". BBC News. 3 November 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  54. ↑ Alan Travis (18 March 2015). "UK justice minister 'complacent' over 38% rise in prison deaths, say MPs". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  55. ↑ "Prisons: planning and policies" (PDF). House of Commons Justice Committee. UK Parliament. 18 March 2015. HC 309. Retrieved 17 November 2016.
  56. ↑ "Top QCs unite to criticise legal aid cuts and judicial review reforms". legal week. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
  57. ↑ Proudman, Charlotte Rachael (7 January 2014). "A justified moment to make history: Lawyers strike for first time ever to protest legal aid cuts". independent.co.uk. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  58. ↑ "Criminal Justice and Courts Bill 2013–14". UK Parliament. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 5 February 2014.
  59. ↑ Ross, Tim (12 October 2014). "People who post 'revenge porn' on internet face two years in jail, says Chris Grayling". The Daily Telegraph. London.
  60. ↑ https://www.conservatives.com/~/media/Files/Downloadable%20Files/HUMAN_RIGHTS.pdf
  61. ↑ "European human rights rulings 'to be curbed' by Tories". BBC News. 3 October 2014.
  62. ↑ "Conservatives plan to scrap Human Rights Act – read the full document". the Guardian.
  63. ↑ "Tories threaten to scrap Human Rights Act and replace it with 'British Bill of Rights'". ITV News.
  64. ↑ "Video: Chris Grayling on Alan Turing pardon". The Independent. London. 24 December 2013.
  65. ↑ "British Second World War codebreaker Alan Turing receives Royal pardon • The Register". theregister.co.uk.
  66. ↑ "Royal pardon for WW2 code-breaker Dr Alan Turing". www.gov.uk.
  67. ↑ Hyde, John (27 March 2015). "Society outrage at 'back door' criminal court fees". Law Gazette. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
  68. ↑ Dodd, Vikram (29 January 2015). "File on Mark Duggan police shooting lost in the post". the Guardian. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  69. ↑ "Michael Gove moves to justice in post-election reshuffle". 9 May 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2015 – via BBC News.
  70. ↑ "Criminal courts charge to be scrapped by government". BBC News. 3 December 2015. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
  71. ↑ Statesman, New (14 July 2016). "Theresa May's first Cabinet at a glance". Newstatesman.com. Retrieved 29 July 2016.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chris Grayling.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Archie Hamilton		 Member of Parliament
for Epsom and Ewell
2001–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by
Tim Yeo		 Shadow Secretary of State for Transport
2005–2007 		Succeeded by
Theresa Villiers
Preceded by
Philip Hammond		 Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
2007–2009 		Succeeded by
Theresa May
Preceded by
Dominic Grieve		 Shadow Home Secretary
2009–2010 		Succeeded by
Alan Johnson
Preceded by
Jim Knight
as Minister of State for Employment and Welfare Reform		 Minister of State for Employment
2010–2012 		Succeeded by
Mark Hoban
Preceded by
Ken Clarke		 Secretary of State for Justice
2012–2015 		Succeeded by
Michael Gove
Lord Chancellor
2012–2015
Preceded by
William Hague		 Leader of the House of Commons
2015–2016 		Succeeded by
David Lidington
Preceded by
Nick Clegg		 Lord President of the Council
2015–2016
Preceded by
Patrick McLoughlin		 Secretary of State for Transport
2016–present 		Incumbent
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/25/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.