Constitution of Guinea

Guinea
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Guinea

Guinea has had four constitutions.[1] The current constitution was approved by referendum on 19 April 2010 and formally adopted on 7 May.[2]

Background

A constitutional referendum was held on 28 September 1958 as part of a wider referendum across the French Union (and France itself) on whether to adopt the new French constitution; colonies voting to accept it would become part of the new French Community; if rejected, the territory would be granted independence.[3][4] More than 95% of voters of French Guinea voted against the constitution, with a turnout of 85.5%,[5] making it the only colony to vote no.[6]

History

Guinea became an independent nation on 2 October 1958. The first constitution was enacted immediately afterward[3] and was written in some haste.[7] A 15-person commission wrote a draft constitution in 10 days, which was approved by the new national assembly on 10 November 1958 after a mere two hours of debate.[7] However, during the dictatorial reign of the first president, Ahmed Sékou Touré, it was routinely ignored or altered.[3]

In 1982, bowing to both international and internal pressure, Guinea adopted a new constitution which included better protections for human rights.[7] After Touré's death in 1984, the government was toppled by a military coup d'état. Another constitutional referendum, held on 23 December 1990, was approved by 98.7% of the voters, paving the way for a third constitution.[8]

A 2001 referendum, which was boycotted by the opposition, amended this constitution, removing presidential term limits and lengthening the term from five years to seven.[9] Critics accused then-President Lansana Conté of seeking to remain in power longer.[9]

When Conté died in 2008, Captain Moussa Dadis Camara seized power, but was shot in the head in December 2010.[9] He left the country to receive medical care and recuperate.[9] He later agreed not to come back, and Guinea returned to civilian rule.[9]

The current constitution was approved by referendum on 19 April 2010 and formally adopted on 7 May.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Camara, Mohamed Saliou; O'Toole, Thomas; Baker, Janice E. (7 November 2013). Historical Dictionary of Guinea. Scarecrow Press. p. 97. ISBN 9780810879690. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  2. ↑ "GUINEA DECRET 2010 Constitution" (PDF).
  3. 1 2 3 O'Toole, Thomas; Baker, Janice E. (16 March 2005). Historical Dictionary of Guinea. Scarecrow Press. pp. 53–55. ISBN 9780810865457.
  4. ↑ "Les Constitutions Guinéennes".
  5. ↑ "Elections in Guinea". African Elections Database. 12 November 2007.
  6. ↑ Schmidt, E (2009) Anticolonial Nationalism in French West Africa: What Made Guinea Unique? African Studies Review
  7. 1 2 3 An-Na'im, Abdullahi Ahmed (2013-10-09). Human Rights Under African Constitutions: Realizing the Promise for Ourselves. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 99–. ISBN 9780812201109.
  8. ↑ "Guinea: Constitution of December 23, 1990". World Intellectual Property Organization.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 "Guinea profile - Timeline". BBC News. 1 September 2016.
  10. ↑ "GUINEA DECRET 2010 Constitution" (PDF).

External links

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