LGP2

DHX58
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases DHX58, D11LGP2, D11lgp2e, LGP2, RLR-3, DEXH-box helicase 58
External IDs MGI: 1931560 HomoloGene: 69371 GeneCards: DHX58
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

79132

80861

Ensembl

ENSG00000108771

ENSMUSG00000017830

UniProt

Q96C10

Q99J87

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_024119

NM_030150

RefSeq (protein)

NP_077024.2

NP_084426.2

Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 42.1 – 42.11 Mb Chr 11: 100.69 – 100.7 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DHX58 also known as RIG-I-like receptor 3 (RLR-3) or RIG-I-like receptor LGP2 (RLR) is a RIG-I-like receptor dsRNA helicase enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DHX58 gene.[3][4] The protein encoded by the gene DHX58 is known as LGP2 (Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2).[3][5][6]

Structure and function

LGP2 was first identified and characterized in the context of mammary tissue in 2001,[3] but its function has been found to be more relevant to the field of innate antiviral immunity. LGP2 has been found to be essential for producing effective antiviral responses against many viruses that are recognized by RIG-I and MDA5.[7]

Since LGP2 lacks CARD domains, its effect on downstream antiviral signaling is likely due to interaction with dsRNA viral ligand or the other RLRs (RIG-I and MDA5).[8]

LGP2 has been shown to directly interact[8] with RIG-I through its C-terminal repressor domain (RD). The primary contact sites in this interaction is likely between the RD of LGP2 and the CARD or helicase domain of RIG-I as it is seen with RIG-I self-association,[8] but this has not been confirmed. The helicase activity of LGP2 has been found to be essential for its positive regulation of RIG-I signaling.[7] Overexpression of LGP2 is able to inhibit RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling both in the presence and absence of viral ligands.[8][9][10] This inhibition of RIG-I signaling is not dependent upon the ability of LGP2 to bind viral ligands and is therefore not due to ligand competition.[5][11] Although LGP2 binds to dsRNA with higher affinity,[10] it is dispensable for RIG-I-mediated recognition of synthetic dsRNA ligands.[7] RIG-I, when overexpressed[5] and in LGP2 knock-down studies,[12] has been shown to induce antiviral response in the absence of viral ligand.

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. 1 2 3 Cui Y, Li M, Walton KD, Sun K, Hanover JA, Furth PA, Hennighausen L (Dec 2001). "The Stat3/5 locus encodes novel endoplasmic reticulum and helicase-like proteins that are preferentially expressed in normal and neoplastic mammary tissue". Genomics. 78 (3): 129–34. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6661. PMID 11735219.
  4. ↑ "Entrez Gene: LGP2 likely ortholog of mouse D11lgp2".
  5. 1 2 3 Childs K, Randall R, Goodbourn S (April 2012). "Paramyxovirus V proteins interact with the RNA Helicase LGP2 to inhibit RIG-I-dependent interferon induction". J. Virol. 86 (7): 3411–21. doi:10.1128/JVI.06405-11. PMC 3302505Freely accessible. PMID 22301134.
  6. ↑ Matsumiya T, Stafforini DM (2010). "Function and regulation of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I". Crit. Rev. Immunol. 30 (6): 489–513. doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v30.i6.10. PMC 3099591Freely accessible. PMID 21175414.
  7. 1 2 3 Satoh T, Kato H, Kumagai Y, Yoneyama M, Sato S, Matsushita K, Tsujimura T, Fujita T, Akira S, Takeuchi O (January 2010). "LGP2 is a positive regulator of RIG-I- and MDA5-mediated antiviral responses". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (4): 1512–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0912986107. PMC 2824407Freely accessible. PMID 20080593.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Saito T, Hirai R, Loo YM, Owen D, Johnson CL, Sinha SC, Akira S, Fujita T, Gale M (January 2007). "Regulation of innate antiviral defenses through a shared repressor domain in RIG-I and LGP2". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (2): 582–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.0606699104. PMC 1766428Freely accessible. PMID 17190814.
  9. ↑ Rothenfusser S, Goutagny N, DiPerna G, Gong M, Monks BG, Schoenemeyer A, Yamamoto M, Akira S, Fitzgerald KA (October 2005). "The RNA helicase Lgp2 inhibits TLR-independent sensing of viral replication by retinoic acid-inducible gene-I". J. Immunol. 175 (8): 5260–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.8.5260. PMID 16210631.
  10. 1 2 Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Matsumoto K, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, Taira K, Foy E, Loo YM, Gale M, Akira S, Yonehara S, Kato A, Fujita T (September 2005). "Shared and unique functions of the DExD/H-box helicases RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 in antiviral innate immunity". J. Immunol. 175 (5): 2851–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2851. PMID 16116171.
  11. ↑ Wang Y, Ludwig J, Schuberth C, Goldeck M, Schlee M, Li H, Juranek S, Sheng G, Micura R, Tuschl T, Hartmann G, Patel DJ (July 2010). "Structural and functional insights into 5'-ppp RNA pattern recognition by the innate immune receptor RIG-I". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 17 (7): 781–7. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1863. PMID 20581823.
  12. ↑ Burel SA, Machemer T, Ragone FL, Kato H, Cauntay P, Greenlee S, Salim A, Gaarde WA, Hung G, Peralta R, Freier SM, Henry SP (July 2012). "Unique O-Methoxyethyl Ribose-DNA Chimeric Oligonucleotide Induces an Atypical Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene 5-Dependent Induction of Type I Interferon Response". J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 342 (1): 150–62. doi:10.1124/jpet.112.193789. PMID 22505629.

Further reading


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