David Dean Shulman
David Dean Shulman (born January 13, 1949 in Waterloo, Iowa) is an Indologist and regarded as one of the world’s foremost authorities on the languages of India. His research embraces many fields, including the history of religion in South India, Indian poetics, Tamil Islam, Dravidian linguistics, and Carnatic music. He was formerly Professor of Indian Studies and Comparative Religion at The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, and professor in the Department of Indian, Iranian and Armenian Studies,[1] and now holds an appointment as Renee Lang Professor of Humanistic Studies at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities since 1988.
He is a winner of the Israel Prize for 2016. He announced that he will donate his 75,000 shekel prize to Ta'ayush, an Israeli organization that provides support to Palestinian residents in the Hebron area.[2]
He is also a published poet in Hebrew, a literary critic, a cultural anthropologist. He has authored or co-authored more than 20 books on various subjects ranging from temple myths and temple poems to essays that cover the wide spectrum of the cultural history of South India.[3]
He is a peace activist and a founding member of the joint Israeli-Palestininian movement Ta'ayush. In 2007 he published the book "Dark Hope: Working for Peace in Israel and Palestine" which concludes the years of his volunteering activity in the movement.
Bilingual in Hebrew and English, he has mastered Sanskrit, Hindi, Tamil and Telugu, and reads Greek, Russian, French, German, Persian, Arabic and Malayalam. He is married to Eileen Shulman (née Eileen Lendman) and has three sons, Eviatar, Mishael, and Edan.
Life and work
In 1967, on graduating from Waterloo high school, he won a National Merit Scholarship, and emigrated to Israel, where he enrolled at Hebrew University. He graduated in 1971 with a B.A. degree in Islamic History, specializing in Arabic. His interest in Indian studies was inspired by a friend, the English economic historian Daniel Sperber, and later by the philologist, and expert in Semitic languages, Chaim Rabin.[3] He served in the IDF, and was called up to serve in the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982: the medic skills he learned during his army service have proved useful in treating Palestinians injured by settler violence.[4]
He gained his doctorate in Tamil and Sanskrit, with a dissertation on 'The Mythology of the Tamil Saiva Talapuranam', at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (1972–1976) under John R. Marr, which involved field work in Tamil Nadu. He was appointed instructor, then lecturer in the department of Indian Studies and Comparative Religion at Hebrew University, and became a full professor in 1985. He was a MacArthur Fellow from 1987 to 1992. In 1988 he was elected member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. He was Director of the Jerusalem Institute of Advanced Studies for six years (1992–1998). He actively supports the Clay Sanskrit Library, for which he is preparing, with Yigal Bronner, a forthcoming volume.[5]
Peace activist
Shulman is a peace activist, and a founding member of the joint Israeli-Palestininian 'Life-in-Common' or Ta'ayush grass-roots movement for non-violence.[6] He is convinced that unless 'both sides win the war, both sides will lose it.'[4] Shulman's view on the conflict has been described as without illusions, and he expresses an awareness of the moral failings of both sides:
'This conflict is not a war of the sons of light with the sons of darkness; both sides are dark, both are given to organized violence and terror, and both resort constantly to self-righteous justification and a litany of victimization, the bread-and-butter of ethnic conflict. My concern is with the darkness on my side.'[4]
Though he sees himself as a 'moral witness' to misdeeds of the 'intricate machine',[7] Shulman shies from the limelight, admitting to an aversion to the idea of heroes, and gives interviews only reluctantly.[8][9]
More recently he has been active as a leader of international campaigns to defend the Palestinians under threat of eviction from such villages as Susya in the South Hebron Hills,[10] and especially from Silwan, where they are at risk of having their houses purchased with money raised by philanthropists interested in unearthing archaeological secrets underlying the area which has already yielded phenomenal findings by the Elad, and by archaeologists who wish to raze the area and establish an archaeological zone on the underlying 'City of David'.[11][12]
Dark Hope
In 2007, he published a book-length account, entitled Dark Hope: Working for Peace in Israel and Palestine, of his years working, and often clashing with police and settlers, to deliver food and medical supplies to Palestinian villages, while building peace in the West Bank. The distinguished Israeli novelist A. B. Yehoshua called it:
One of the most fascinating and moving accounts of Israeli-Palestinian attempts to help, indeed to save, human beings suffering under the burden of occupation and terror. Anyone who is pained and troubled by what is happening in the Holy Land should read this human document, which indeed offers a certain dark hope.[13]
Emily Bazelon, member of the Yale Law Faculty and senior editor at Slate Magazine cited it as one of the best books of 2007.[14] In an extensive review of the book in the New York Review of Books, Israeli philosopher Avishai Margalit cites the following passage to illustrate Shulman's position:
Israel, like any other society, has violent, sociopathic elements. What is unusual about the last four decades in Israel is that many destructive individuals have found a haven, complete with ideological legitimation, within the settlement enterprise. Here, in places like Chavat Maon, Itamar, Tapuach, and Hebron, they have, in effect, unfettered freedom to terrorize the local Palestinian population: to attack, shoot, injure, sometimes kill - all in the name of the alleged sanctity of the land and of the Jews' exclusive right to it.[15][16]
Shulman's book addresses here what he calls a ‘moral conundrum’: how Israel, ‘once a home to utopian idealists and humanists, should have engendered and given free rein to a murderous, also ultimately suicidal, messianism,’ and asks if the ‘humane heart of the Jewish tradition’ always contain the ‘seeds of self-righteous terror’ he observed among settlers. He finds within himself an intersection of hope, faith and empathy, and ‘the same dark forces that are active among the most predatory of the settlers’, and it is this which provides him with ‘a reason to act’[17] against what he regards as 'pure, rarefied, unadulterated, unreasoning, uncontainable human evil'. He does not excuse Arabs in the book,[18] but focuses on his own side's culpability, writing: 'I feel responsible for the atrocities committed in my name, by the Israeli half of the story. Let the Palestinians take responsibility for those committed in their name'.[19] Writing of efforts by the IDF and members of hard-core settlements at Susya, Ma'on, Carmel and elsewhere who, having settled on Palestinian land in the hills south of Hebron, endeavour to evict the local people in the many khirbehs of a region where several thousand pacific Palestinian herders and farmers dwell in rock caves and live a 'unique life' of biblical colour,[20] Shulman comments, according to Margalit, that:-
Nothing but malice drives this campaign to uproot the few thousand cave dwellers with their babies and lambs. They have hurt nobody. They were never a security threat. They led peaceful, if somewhat impoverished lives until the settlers came. Since then, there has been no peace. They are tormented, terrified, incredulous. As am I.[21]
Prizes
- In 1987 he received a MacArthur Fellowship or "Genius Grant".
- In 2004 he received the Rothschild Prize.[22]
- In 2010 he received The EMET Prize for Art, Science and Culture.[23]
- In 2016 he received the Israel Prize for his research on the literature and culture of southern India.[24]
Bibliography
Aside from numerous scholarly articles, Shulman is the author, co-author or editor of the following books.
- 1974 Hamiqdash vehamayim (poem), Neuman Press, Tel Aviv.
- 1980 Tamil Temple Myths: Sacrifice and Divine Marriage in the South Indian Saiva Tradition, Princeton University Press.
- 1985 The King and the Clown in South Indian Myth and Poetry, Princeton University Press.
- 1986 Perakim Bashira Hahodit, (Lectures on Indian Poetry), Israeli Ministry of Defence, Tel Aviv.
- 1990 Songs of the Harsh Devotee: The Tevaram of Cuntaramurttinayanar, Dept. of South Asian Studies, University of Pennsylvania.
- 1993 The Hungry God: Hindu Tales of Filicide and Devotion, University of Chicago Press.
- 1997 (with Don Handelman), God Inside Out. Siva’s Game of Dice, Oxford University Press, New York.
- 1997 (with Priya Hart), Sanskrit, Language of the Gods, (Hebrew) Magnes Press, Jerusalem
- 1998 (with Velcheru Nayayana Rao), A Poem at the Right Moment: Remembered Verses from Premodern South Indiaìì, University of California Press.
- 2001 The Wisdom of Poets: Studies in Tamil, Telugu, and Sanskrit, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
- 2002 (with Velcheru Narayana Rao and Sanjay Subrahmanyan), Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, Paris, Seuil, Permanent Black, Delhi.
- 2002 (with Velcheru Narayana Rao), Classical Telugu Poetry: An Anthology, University of California Press, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
- 2002 (with Velcheru Narayana Rao), The Sound of the Kiss, or the Story that Must be Told. Pingali Suranna’s Kaḷāpūrṇōdayamu, Columbia University Press.
- 2002 (with Velcheru Narayana Rao), A Lover’s Guide to Warangal. The Kridabhiramamu of Vallabharaya, Permanent Black, New Delhi.
- 2004 (with Don Handelman), Siva in the Forest of Pines. An Essay on Sorcery and Self-Knowledge, Oxford University Press.
- 2006 (Translation, with Velcheru Narayana Rao)The Demon's Daughter: A Love Story from South India,(by Piṅgaḷi Sūrana) SUNY Press, Albany.
- 2005 (with Velcheru Narayana Rao), God on the Hill: temple poems from Tirupati, Oxford University Press, New York.
- 2007 Dark Hope: Working for Peace in Israel and Palestine,University of Chicago Press.
- 2008 Spring, Heat, Rains: A South Indian Diary, University of Chicago Press.
- 2011 (with V.K Rajamani) The Mucukunda Murals in the Tyāgarājasvāmi Temple, Prakriti Foundation.
- 2012 (With Velcheru Narayana Rao) Srinatha: The Poet who Made Gods and Kings, Oxford University Press.
- 2012 More Than Real: A History of the Imagination in South India, Harvard University Press.
- 2015 (Translation of Allasani Peddana, with Velcheru Narayana Rao) The Story of Manu. Murti Classical Library of India.
- Forthcoming (September 2016) Tamil: a Biography. Harvard University Press.
He has edited and co-edited several books
- 1984 (with Shmuel Noam Eisenstadt, and Reuven Kahane), Orthodoxy, Heterodoxy and Dissent in India, Mouton, Berlin, New York and Amsterdam.
- 1987 (with Shaul Shaked and G.Stroumsa), Gilgul: Essays in Transformation, Revolution and Permanence in the History of Religions (Festschrift R.J.Zwi Werblowsky), E.J.Brill, Leiden.
- 1995 Syllables of Sky: Studies in South Indian Civilization in Honour of Velcheru Narayana Rao, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
- 1996 (with Galit Hasan-Rokem), Untying the Knot: On Riddles and Other Enigmatic Modes, Oxford University Press.
- 1999 (with G.Stroumsa), Dream, Cultures: Explorations in the Comparative History of Dreaming, Oxford University Press, New York.
- 2002 (with G.Stroumsa), Self and Self-Transformation in the History of Religions, Oxford University Press, New York.
- 2008 (with Shalva Weil), Karmic Passages: Israeli Scholarships On India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
- 2010 Language, Ritual and Poetics in Ancient India and Iran: Studies in Honor of Shaul Migron, The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
- 2014, (with Yigal Bronner and Gary Tubb) Innovations and Turning Points: Toward a History of Kavya Literature, Oxford University Press.
References
- Margalit, Avishai (December 6, 2007). "A Moral Witness to the 'Intricate Machine'". The New York Review of Books. 54 (19). Retrieved 2009-04-02.
- Shulman, David Dean (2007). dark hope: Working for Peace in Israel and Palestine. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-75574-6. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
Notes
- ↑ T.S. Subramanian, 'The vandalisation of heritage', in The Hindu, Feb 10, 2008
- ↑ Israel Prize Winner Donates Cash Award to pro-Palestinian Israeli Group Haaretz, May 11, 2016
- 1 2 K. Pradeep, 'An accomplished Indologist,' in The Hindu, Mar 10, 2006
- 1 2 3 Susan Neiman, Moral Clarity: A Guide for Grown-up Idealists, Random House,2009 pp.383-390, p.383.
- ↑ David Shulman, ‘The Arrow and the Poem,’ in The New Republic, August 13, 2008 pp.1–4,p.4
- ↑ Jeffrey C. Goldfarb, Reinventing Political Culture: The Power of Culture versus the Culture of Power, John Wiley & Sons, 2013 p.144.
- ↑ 'a term he uses to describe various Israeli government agencies, including the army, the police, and the civil authorities that administer the West Bank' (Margalit, 2007).
- ↑ Susan Neiman, Moral Clarity: A Guide for Grown-Up Idealists, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008 pp.374f
- ↑ Shulman, dark hope, p.215
- ↑ Ehud Krinis, David Shulman and Neve Gordon ‘Facing an Imminent Threat of Expulsion,’ CounterPunch June 22, 2007
- ↑ Yigal Bronner and Neve Gordon, ‘Digging for Trouble: The Politics of Archaeology in East Jerusalem,’ CounterPunch April 11, 2008
- ↑ The Chronicle of Higher Education:The Chronicle Review, 25/4/2008
- ↑ Dark Hope, University of Chicago Press
- ↑ 'The Year in Books: Slate picks the best books of 2007', Slate December 13, 2007.
- ↑ Margalit, 2007
- ↑ Shulman, dark hope p.2
- ↑ Shulman, dark hope pp.2-3.
- ↑ Philip Weiss 'The 'Evil' of the Settlements: Destroying Palestinian Goats, and Traditional Lifestyle, in the Hebron Hills', Mondoweiss, November 21, 2007
- ↑ Shulman, dark hope, p.9
- ↑ Shulman dark hope pp.12-13
- ↑ Cited Margalit, 2007. See Shulman, dark hope p.27
- ↑ "Rothschild Prize". Yad Hanadiv.
- ↑ "The EMET Prize". Hebrew University.
- ↑ Yarden Skop (February 15, 2016). "Hebrew University Professor Wins Israel Prize for Religious Studies for Research on India". Haaretz.
External links
- Shulman's home page at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Archive of articles by David Shulman at the New York Review of Books