Deborah Kapule
| Deborah Kapule Kekaihaʻakūlou | |
|---|---|
| Born |
c. 1798 Waimea, Kauai |
| Died |
August 26, 1853 (aged 55) Waimea, Kauai |
| Spouse |
Kaumualiʻi Kamaholelani[1] Kamehameha II Kealiʻiahonui Simeon Kaʻiu |
| Issue | Josiah Kaumualiʻi |
| Father | Hāʻupu or Kaiʻawa |
| Mother | Hāwea |
Deborah Kapule Kekaihaʻakūlou (c. 1798 – 1853) was the last Queen of the Kauaʻi before the establishment of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi by King Kamehameha I.
Life
Born Kekaihaʻakūlou around 1798, the location of her birth is not known for certain, but since she lived around Waimea and since she received property there from her father in later life, it is assumed that this was her birthplace. Her genealogy is not well documented. According to one source, her father was a High Chief Hāʻupu of Waimea, who was one the chiefs whom King Kaumualiʻi sent to Oahu in 1810.[2][1] But according to Hawaiian historian Samuel Kamakau, her (or at least Kekaihaʻakūlou's) parents were Kaiʻawa and Hāwea. Kaiʻawa was a counselor to Kaumualiʻi's father Kāʻeokūlani and was connected to Kāneikaheilani, a chiefess from Kauai who was the grandmother of Haʻalou, the maternal grandmother of Queen Kaʻahumanu, and also to Kaweloamaihunāliʻi, an early King of Kauaʻi. Her mother Hāwea was a relative of Queen Kaʻahumanu from a Maui line of descent.[3][4]
During her early live she was called Haʻakūlou, which was short for Kekaihaʻakūlou, or Kapule; she was also called Tepoora or Tapoola, early Western renditions of her name.[2][1] Deborah Kapule is often identified with Kepola, a name that was given to the last queen Kauaʻi. One source claims that Kekaihaʻakūlou was another wife of Kaumualii.[5] This would mean the woman that accompanied him to the island of Oahu in 1810 to surrender to King Kamehameha I and was later given to King Liholiho Kamehameha II as his sixth wife was not Kapule.[6]
Her first husband was King Kaumualiʻi (married around 1817) and was proclaimed Queen of Kauaʻi. Her home was near the Russian Fort Elizabeth. Her reign was short-lived, when, in 1821 King Kamehameha II arrested Kaumualiʻi and proclaimed Kauaʻi as part of Hawaiʻi. Kaʻahumanu then married Kaumualiʻi to dissolve any claims to power. Deborah Kapule then married Abner Keliʻiahonui, who was Kaumualiʻi’s son by Kaʻapuwai Kapuaʻamohu. But Kaʻahumanu married Keliʻiahonui. In spite the monarchy taken her two husbands (metaphorically speaking, Kaʻahumanu was the Head of State at the time) Deborah remained faithful to the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. When Humehume’s (Kaumualiʻi’s son) men arrived at the Russian Fort to try and reinstate the Kingdom of Kauaʻi, Deborah fought against them.
Deborah then married Simeon Kaʻiu, Kaumualiʻi’s half-brother. Her husband was a devout Christian, and she converted in 1825. She later became excommunicated from the church for having an affair with a married man, Oliver Chapin. She was later reinstated in the 1840s. In 1835, Deborah and Simeon moved to Wailua with 16 others and founded a new church. Though Simeon died shortly after on September 11, 1835.
Around 1836, Governor Kaikioʻewa of Kauaʻi became jealous of her popularity and she was arrested and taken Oʻahu. It was until 1838, when Kamehameha III granted an appeal, and Deborah was returned to Kauaʻi by Reverend William Richards.
In the latter part of her life, Deborah Kapule lived in Waimea, where she assisted in the construction of the Waimea Stone Church[7] and help convert the Malae heiau into a cattle corral.
Deborah Kapule died in Waimea on August 26, 1853, her remains and burial place still remain unknown.
References
- 1 2 3 Mills 2002, pp. 110-111.
- 1 2 Joesting 1988, p. 114.
- ↑ Kamakau 1992, p. 253.
- ↑ Ii, Pukui & Barrère 1983, p. 53.
- ↑ Mills 2002, p. 137.
- ↑ Kamakau 1992, pp. 196, 253.
- ↑ Soboleski, Hank (February 16, 2012). "Queen Deborah Kapule At Waimea". The Garden Island.
Bibliography
- Ii, John Papa; Pukui, Mary Kawena; Barrère, Dorothy B. (1983). Fragments of Hawaiian History (2 ed.). Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press. ISBN 978-0-910240-31-4.
- Bingham, Hiram (1855) [1848]. A Residence of Twenty-one Years in the Sandwich Islands (Third ed.). Canadaigua, NY: H. D. Goodwin.
- Cooke, Amos Starr; Cooke, Juliette Montague (1970) [1937]. Richards, Mary Atherton, ed. The Hawaiian Chiefs' Children's School. C. E. Tuttle Company.
- Jarves, James Jackson (1843). History of the Hawaiian Islands. E. Moxon.
- Joesting, Edward (1988). Kauai: The Separate Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-1162-3.
- Kamakau, Samuel (1992) [1961]. Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii (Revised ed.). Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press. ISBN 0-87336-014-1.
- Mills, Peter R. (2002). Hawaiʻi's Russian Adventure: A New Look at Old History. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0824824040.
- Thrum, Thomas G. (1920). "The Native Leaders of Hawaii. Their Contribution to the Cause of Christian Civilization. The Kuhina-nui and Privy Council". In Hawaiian Mission Centennial. The Centennial Book: One Hundred Years of Christian Civilization in Hawaii, 1820-1920. Central Committee of the Hawaiian Mission Centennial. pp. 17–24.