Diploastrea heliopora
| Diploastrea heliopora | |
|---|---|
_on_Diploastrea_heliopora_(Hard_coral).jpg) | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Anthozoa |
| Subclass: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Scleractinia |
| Family: | Diploastreidae |
| Genus: | Diploastrea |
| Species: | D. heliopora |
| Binomial name | |
| Diploastrea heliopora Lamarck, 1816 | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Diploastrea heliopora, known commonly as the Diploastrea brain coral or Honeycomb coral among other vernacular names, is a species of hard coral in the family Diploastreidae. It is the only species in the genus Diploastrea. This species can form massive dome-shaped colonies of great size.
Taxonomy
Diploastrea heliopora was first described in 1816 by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck as Astrea heliopora. It was transferred to the new genus Diploastrea by G. Matthai in 1914.[3] Diploastrea heliopora was included in the family Agathiphylliidae by Vaughan and Wells in 1943. It was the only extant member of the family, which also included four fossil species. In 1956, Wells transferred the genus to Faviidae, and this has been widely accepted. However, recent molecular and phylogenetic studies show that this coral has certain unique features, and a separate family, Diploastreidae, has been reinstated. It is the only member of the family.[4]
Description
Diploastrea heliopora is a colonial species growing into domes a metre or more across. The corallites are plocoid (with an individual wall), round and closely packed, about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter and formed by extratentacular budding. The corallite walls are distinctive, being not solid but formed from the enlarged outer ends of the septa, which are not connected to each other. The columellae are large. The coral has a smooth surface and is usually cream or greyish-brown, sometimes tinged with green. it is a zooxanthellate species.[2][4]
Distribution and habitat
Diploastrea heliopora is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific region, including the Red Sea, occurring at depths down to 30 m (100 ft).[1] Its typical habitat is in silty environments without strong wave action such as protected fringing reefs and back reef slopes. In the atoll lagoons of the Indian Ocean it is often plentiful and dominant, while in the Red Sea it is uncommon.[2]
Ecology
This coral is nocturnal, the polyps extending to feed at night.[2] Small gobies can often be seen swimming close to and resting on the surface of this coral.[1]
Status
This coral is plentiful in some areas but less common elsewhere. In Indonesia it is collected for the aquarium trade, but apart from this, the threats it faces are those affecting coral reefs in general; climate change, ocean acidification, coral disease and human actions. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being "near threatened".[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 DeVantier, L.; Hodgson, G.; Huang, D.; Johan, O.; Licuanan, A.; Obura, D.; Sheppard, C.; Syahrir, M.; Turak, E. (2014). "Diploastrea heliopora". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 Hoeksema, Bert (2016). "Diploastrea heliopora (Lamarck, 1816)". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- ↑ Hoeksema, Bert (2016). "Diploastrea Matthai, 1914". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
- 1 2 台灣石珊瑚誌. 國立臺灣大學出版中心. 2009. p. 155. ISBN 978-986-01-8745-8.
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