Emporia State Hornets basketball
Emporia State Hornets | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
University | Emporia State University | |||
First season | 1901 | |||
All-time record | 1,382–1,131 (.550) | |||
Conference | MIAA | |||
Location | Emporia, KS | |||
Head coach | Shaun Vandiver (5th year) | |||
Arena |
William L. White Auditorium (Capacity: 5,000) | |||
Nickname | Hornets | |||
Student section | E-Zone | |||
Colors |
Black and Gold[1] | |||
Uniforms | ||||
| ||||
NCAA Tournament appearances | ||||
2004, 2007 | ||||
Conference regular season champions | ||||
1946, 1947, 1948, 1956, 1960, 1963, 1985, 1988 |
The Emporia State Hornets basketball team represents Emporia State University in Emporia, Kansas, in the NCAA Division II men's basketball competition (the school's women's basketball team is known as the "Lady Hornets"). The team is currently coached by Shaun Vandiver,[2] who replaced David Moe after he resigned in 2011.[3] The Hornets currently compete in the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association.
The basketball team plays its home games in William L. White Auditorium downtown Emporia. Since joining the NCAA in 1991, Emporia State has only been to the NCAA Tournament twice: 2004 and 2007.
Overview
The Emporia State Hornets team annually plays a nineteen-game conference schedule that is preceded by an out-of-conference schedule that includes one exhibition game between the Kansas Jayhawks or the Kansas State Wildcats, switching every other year. The conference schedule consists of playing every MIAA member at least once, some twice. Emporia State does, however, play the Washburn Ichabods in the rivalry known as the Turnpike Tussle and the Pittsburg State Gorillas.[4][5]
History
Emporia State Coaching History | ||||
Tenure | Coach | Won | Lost | Pct. |
---|---|---|---|---|
1901–1907 | Carney | 10 | 21 | .323 |
1907–1909 | Sampson | 20 | 8 | .714 |
1909–1912 | Honhart | 27 | 10 | .730 |
1912–1914 | Crispin | 14 | 17 | .452 |
1914–1916, 1917–1918, 1922–1923 | Hargiss | 47 | 19 | .712 |
1916–1917 | McChesney | 11 | 5 | .688 |
No team (WWI) 1917–1920 | ||||
1920–1922 | Schabinger | 24 | 9 | .727 |
1923–25, 1927–1936 | Trusler | 84 | 59 | .587 |
1925–1927 | McGahn | 22 | 13 | .629 |
1936–1943 | Kutnick | 66 | 60 | .524 |
No team (WWII) 1943–1946 | ||||
1946–1970 | Fish | 323 | 279 | .537 |
1970–1998 | Slaymaker | 452 | 348 | .565 |
1998–2001 | Comstock | 33 | 49 | .402 |
2001–2011 | Moe | 162 | 126 | .563 |
2011–present | Vandiver | 67 | 82 | .450 |
Total: 115 years | 16 coaches | 1,382–1,131 | .550 |
Emporia State's basketball program was founded in 1901, thirty-eight years after the university was founded.[6] Since 1901, the Hornets have belonged to six conferences. When the school was an National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, they participated in the Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference, Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, Great Plains Athletic Conference, and the Central States Intercollegiate Conference. When the university was recognized as an NCAA Division II school, they joined the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association(MIAA).[7]
1901–1918
Earl Carney was the first coach, earning a 10–29 record over six seasons from 1901 to 1907.[6] The inaugural game was a 12–13 loss to the Florence Opera House, a team from Florence, Kansas. ESU would then clinch their first ever victory against the Florence Opera House later that year – 35–21.[8] For the next two seasons, Paul Sampson took over the helm of the program, compiling a 20–8 record. Following Sampson was Fred Honhart for three seasons, who led the Normals (as the school's teams were known until 1921) to a 27–10 record from 1909 to 1912.[6] From 1912 until 1918, Emporia State went through three coaches with a combined record of 58–45: George Crispin (1912–1914), Homer Woodson Hargiss (1914–1916, 1917–1918) and H. D. McChesney from 1916 to 1917.[9] Due to World War I, Emporia State did not have a team from 1918 to 1920.[9]
1901–1918 — Year-by-Year Record | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason | ||||
Earl Carney (Kansas Conference) (1901–1907) | |||||||||
1901–02 | Earl Carney | 1–1 | |||||||
1902–03 | Earl Carney | 2–1 | |||||||
1903–04 | Earl Carney | 2–4 | |||||||
1904–05 | Earl Carney | 1–6 | |||||||
1905–06 | Earl Carney | 2–8 | |||||||
1906–07 | Earl Carney | 2–9 | |||||||
Earl Carney: | 10–29 | ||||||||
Paul Sampson (Kansas Conference) (1907–1909) | |||||||||
1907–08 | Paul Sampson | 9–4 | |||||||
1908–09 | Paul Sampson | 11–4 | |||||||
Paul Sampson: | 20–8 | ||||||||
Fred Honhart (Kansas Conference) (1909–1912) | |||||||||
1909–10 | Fred Honhart | 6–6 | |||||||
1910–11 | Fred Honhart | 9–3 | |||||||
1911–12 | Fred Honhart | 12–1 | |||||||
Fred Honhart: | 27–10 | ||||||||
George Crispin (Kansas Conference) (1912–1914) | |||||||||
1912–13 | George Crispin | 6–7 | |||||||
1913–14 | George Crispin | 8–10 | |||||||
George Crispin: | 14–17 | ||||||||
Homer Woodson Hargiss (Kansas Conference) (1914–1916) | |||||||||
1914–15 | Homer Woodson Hargiss | 14–3 | |||||||
1915–16 | Homer Woodson Hargiss | 15–4 | |||||||
Homer Woodson Hargiss: | 29–7 | ||||||||
H. D. McChesney (Kansas Conference) (1916–1917) | |||||||||
1916–17 | H. D. McChesney | 11–5 | |||||||
H. D. McChesney: | 11–5 | ||||||||
Homer Woodson Hargiss (Kansas Conference) (1917–1918) | |||||||||
1917–18 | Homer Woodson Hargiss | 5–5 | |||||||
Homer Woodson Hargiss: | 5–5 | ||||||||
No team (WWI) (1918–1920) | |||||||||
Total: | 116–81 | ||||||||
National champion
Postseason invitational champion
|
1920–1943
In 1920, Emporia State resumed sports after World War I ended. A.A. Schabinger, also known as Arthur Schabinger, led the Normals from 1920 to 1922. He had a combined record of 24–9. Homer Woodson Hargiss was the head basketball coach at Emporia State three times—first from 1914 to 1916, then from 1917 to 1918 and then from 1922 to 1923. During his total of four seasons, he garnered a record of 47–19. Vic Trusler was the only other coach at Emporia State to serve more than one time as the head basketball coach at the school.[9] After having Schabinger and Hargiss at the helm, Trusler took the job from 1923–1925 and then again from 1927–1936. After serving as coach for two seasons, Llyod McGahn took the job for only two seasons with a combined record of 22–13. After McGhan left in 1925, Trusler again took the job, remaining in that position until 1936. He departed after leading his teams to 84 wins, 59 losses. From 1936 to 1943, Paul Kutnick lead the Hornets with a 66–60 record.[9] Due to World War II, ESU had no team from 1943 to 1946.
1920–1943 — Year-by-Year Record | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason | ||||
A.A. Schabinger (Kansas Conference) (1920–1922) | |||||||||
1920–21 | A.A. Schabinger | 13–4 | |||||||
1921–22 | A.A. Schabinger | 11–5 | |||||||
A.A. Schabinger: | 24–9 | ||||||||
Homer Woodson Hargiss (Kansas Conference) (1922–1923) | |||||||||
1922–23 | Homer Woodson Hargiss | 13–7 | |||||||
Homer Woodson Hargiss: | 13–7 | ||||||||
Vic Trusler (Kansas Conference) (1923–1925) | |||||||||
1923–24 | Vic Trusler | 16–5 | |||||||
1924–25 | Vic Trusler | 6–9 | |||||||
Vic Trusler: | 22–14 | ||||||||
Llyod McGahn (Kansas Conference) (1925–1927) | |||||||||
1925–26 | Llyod McGahn | 7–9 | |||||||
1926–27 | Llyod McGahn | 15–4 | |||||||
Llyod McGahn: | 22–13 | ||||||||
Vic Trusler (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (1927–1936) | |||||||||
1927–28 | Vic Trusler | 9–5 | |||||||
1928–29 | Vic Trusler | 14–5 | |||||||
1929–30 | Vic Trusler | 13–5 | |||||||
1930–31 | Vic Trusler | 7–12 | |||||||
1931–32 | Vic Trusler | 9–7 | |||||||
1932–33 | Vic Trusler | 5–12 | |||||||
1933–34 | Vic Trusler | 17–1 | |||||||
1934–35 | Vic Trusler | 11–8 | |||||||
1935–36 | Vic Trusler | N/A | |||||||
Vic Trusler: | 62–45 | ||||||||
Paul Kutnick (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference) (1936–1943) | |||||||||
1936–37 | Paul Kutnick | 5–14 | |||||||
1937–38 | Paul Kutnick | 10–10 | |||||||
1938–39 | Paul Kutnick | 14–5 | |||||||
1939–40 | Paul Kutnick | 9–9 | |||||||
1940–41 | Paul Kutnick | 10–7 | |||||||
1941–42 | Paul Kutnick | 13–5 | |||||||
1942–43 | Paul Kutnick | 5–10 | |||||||
Vic Trusler: | 66–60 | ||||||||
No team (WWII) (1943–1945) | |||||||||
Total: | 209–148 | ||||||||
National champion
Postseason invitational champion
|
1945–1998
After starting the sports programs back up after World War II, Gus Fish served as head coach from 1946 to 1970 compiling a record of 323–279 (.537) record.[10] Fish led the Hornets to six conference championships, tied for another, and made six appearances in the NAIA national tournament, placing fourth in 1946 and 1964. While at ESU, Fish also served as the president of the NAIA in 1955 and helped establish the NAIA track & field program. In 1960, Fish assisted with the U.S. Olympic basketball team and also was inducted into the NAIA Hall of Fame. Until 1990, Fish was the all-time winningest coach at Emporia State.[11]
Ron Slaymaker took over the program when Gus Fish retired in 1970.[12] Slaymaker is the winningest coach in Emporia State history, with a record of 452–348 (.565). After coaching for 28 years at ESU, Slaymaker finished with 452 victories, five conference titles and four district championships.[13] He was named the NAIA National Coach of the Year in 1986, when the Hornets went 31–5. He was also named the District 10 Coach of the Year six times and was the assistant coach for the 1986 U.S. Olympic Festival, Assistant Coach for the U.S. at the 1987 World University Games and served on the 1988 Olympic Basketball Selection Committee. Slaymaker also led ESU to four trips to the NAIA National Tournament.[13]
1945–1998 — Year-by-Year Record | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason | ||||
Gus Fish (Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference/Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference) (1945–1970) | |||||||||
1945–46 | Gus Fish | 11–6 | |||||||
1946–47 | Gus Fish | 18–9 | |||||||
1947–48 | Gus Fish | 20–7 | |||||||
1948–49 | Gus Fish | 19–10 | |||||||
1949–50 | Gus Fish | 14–12 | |||||||
1950–51 | Gus Fish | 8–8 | |||||||
1951–52 | Gus Fish | 7–18 | |||||||
1952–53 | Gus Fish | 13–13 | |||||||
1953–54 | Gus Fish | 7–14 | |||||||
1954–55 | Gus Fish | 10–17 | |||||||
1955–56 | Gus Fish | 11–14 | |||||||
1956–57 | Gus Fish | 24–7 | |||||||
1957–58 | Gus Fish | 13–6 | |||||||
1958–59 | Gus Fish | 16–8 | |||||||
1959–60 | Gus Fish | 14–6 | |||||||
1960–61 | Gus Fish | 17–6 | |||||||
1961–62 | Gus Fish | 14–9 | |||||||
1962–63 | Gus Fish | 14–11 | |||||||
1963–64 | Gus Fish | 22–9 | |||||||
1964–65 | Gus Fish | 9–13 | |||||||
1965–66 | Gus Fish | 9–11 | |||||||
1966–67 | Gus Fish | 8–18 | |||||||
Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference | |||||||||
1967–68 | Gus Fish | 12–12 | |||||||
1968–69 | Gus Fish | 10–15 | |||||||
1969–70 | Gus Fish | 3–20 | |||||||
Gus Fish: | 323–279 | ||||||||
Ron Slaymaker (RMAC/Great Plains Athletic Conference) (1970–1976) | |||||||||
1970–71 | Ron Slaymaker | 13–13 | |||||||
1971–72 | Ron Slaymaker | 14–11 | |||||||
Great Plains Athletic Conference | |||||||||
1972–73 | Ron Slaymaker | 9–16 | |||||||
1973–74 | Ron Slaymaker | 18–8 | |||||||
1974–75 | Ron Slaymaker | 12–14 | |||||||
1975–76 | Ron Slaymaker | 16–11 | |||||||
Central States Intercollegiate Conference | |||||||||
1976–77 | Ron Slaymaker | 24–6 | |||||||
1977–78 | Ron Slaymaker | 19–11 | |||||||
1978–79 | Ron Slaymaker | 12–17 | |||||||
1979–80 | Ron Slaymaker | 12–17 | |||||||
1980–81 | Ron Slaymaker | 12–20 | |||||||
1981–82 | Ron Slaymaker | 19–15 | |||||||
1982–83 | Ron Slaymaker | 17–15 | |||||||
1983–84 | Ron Slaymaker | 17–15 | |||||||
1984–85 | Ron Slaymaker | 24–9 | |||||||
1985–86 | Ron Slaymaker | 31–5 | |||||||
1986–87 | Ron Slaymaker | 18–14 | |||||||
1987–88 | Ron Slaymaker | 22–10 | |||||||
NCAA Independent | |||||||||
1988–89 | Ron Slaymaker | 22–11 | |||||||
1989–90 | Ron Slaymaker | 25–9 | |||||||
1990–91 | Ron Slaymaker | 18–14 | |||||||
Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association | |||||||||
1991–92 | Ron Slaymaker | 18–14 | |||||||
1992–93 | Ron Slaymaker | 18–9 | |||||||
1993–94 | Ron Slaymaker | 16–11 | |||||||
1994–95 | Ron Slaymaker | 6–19 | |||||||
1995–96 | Ron Slaymaker | 12–15 | |||||||
1996–97 | Ron Slaymaker | 15–12 | |||||||
1997–98 | Ron Slaymaker | 6–20 | |||||||
Ron Slaymaker: | 452–348 | ||||||||
Total: | 775–627 | ||||||||
National champion
Postseason invitational champion
|
1998–2011
After Slaymaker's retirement, Marc Comstock took over the job.[14] After going 33–49 at Emporia State in three years, his contract was not renewed in 2001.[15] Following Comstock was David Moe, son of former NBA player and coach, Doug Moe.[16] In his ten seasons from 2001 to 2011, he led ESU to the NCAA Tournament in 2004 and 2007 and is one of just three coaches to take his team to every MIAA Post Season Tournament held in Kansas City. Those teams advanced to the semifinals of the tournament in four of the last six years.[17] Moe is third most winningest coach in ESU history behind ESU Hall of Honor members Gus Fish and Ron Slaymaker, with a record of 162–126.[18]
1998–2011 — Year-by-Year Record | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Season | Team | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason | ||||
Marc Comstock (Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association) (1998–2001) | |||||||||
1998–99 | Marc Comstock | 10–16 | |||||||
1999–2000 | Marc Comstock | 14–16 | |||||||
2000–01 | Marc Comstock | 9–17 | |||||||
Marc Comstock: | 33–49 | ||||||||
David Moe (MIAA) (2001–2011) | |||||||||
2001–02 | David Moe | 7–19 | |||||||
2002–03 | David Moe | 16–12 | |||||||
2003–04 | David Moe | 22–7 | |||||||
2004–05 | David Moe | 16–12 | |||||||
2005–06 | David Moe | 18–13 | |||||||
2006–07 | David Moe | 21–8 | |||||||
2007–08 | David Moe | 14–16 | |||||||
2008–09 | David Moe | 18–10 | |||||||
2009–10 | David Moe | 14–15 | |||||||
2010–11 | David Moe | 16–14 | |||||||
David Moe: | 162–126 | ||||||||
Total: | 195–175 | ||||||||
National champion
Postseason invitational champion
|
2011–present
In April 2011, Shaun Vandiver was hired as Emporia State's next coach.[19] Currently, Vandiver has an overall record of 67–82, and a record of 38–64 in the MIAA.
Seasons under Vandiver
Season | Coach | Overall | Conference | Standing | Postseason | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emporia State Hornets (MIAA) (2011–present) | |||||||||
2011–12 | Emporia State | 9–18 | 5–17 | ||||||
2012–13 | Emporia State | 13–14 | 8–11 | ||||||
2013–14 | Emporia State | 18–13 | 10–10 | ||||||
2014–15 | Emporia State | 12–16 | 5–14 | ||||||
2015–16 | Emporia State | 13–16 | 10–12 | ||||||
2016–17 | Emporia State | 2–5 | 0–0 | ||||||
Emporia State: | 67–82 | 38–64 | |||||||
Total: | 67–82 | ||||||||
National champion
Postseason invitational champion
|
Record vs. MIAA opponents
Current MIAA Members | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emporia State vs. | First Game | Overall Record | Last 5 Meetings | Last 10 Meetings | Current Streak | Since Joining the MIAA |
Central Missouri | 1906–07 | UCM, 41–69 | UCM, 2–3 | UCM, 2–8 | L 1 | UCM, 18–30 |
Central Oklahoma | 1930–31 | UCO, 5–17 | UCO, 1–4 | UCO, 2–8 | W 1 | UCO, 2–6 |
Fort Hays State | 1916–17 | FHSU, 85–95 | FHSU, 1–4 | FHSU, 2–8 | W 1 | FHSU, 7–14 |
Lincoln† | 1992–93 | ESU, 17–7 | ESU, 3–2 | ESU, 6–4 | L 2 | ESU, 7–2‡ |
Lindenwood | 2012–13 | LWU, 1–3 | LWU, 1–3 | LWU, 1–3 | L 3 | LWU, 1–3 |
Missouri Southern | 1968–69 | MSSU, 30–50 | MSSU, 0–5 | MSSU, 1–9 | L 5 | MSSU, 19–29 |
Missouri Western | 1976–77 | MWSU, 40–43 | ESU, 4–1 | ESU, 6–4 | W 1 | MWSU, 17–33 |
Nebraska–Kearney | 1974–75 | UNK, 17–20 | ESU, 3–2 | ESU, 8–2 | W 1 | Tied, 3–3 |
Northeastern State | 1952–53 | ESU, 7–5 | NSU, 2–3 | Tied, 5–5 | L 2 | NSU, 2–4 |
Northwest Missouri State | 1926–27 | NWM, 24–39 | NWM, 0–5 | NWM, 3–7 | L 1 | NWM, 16–26 |
Pittsburg State | 1919–20 | ESU, 98–92 | ESU, 4–1 | ESU, 6–4 | W 2 | PSU, 20–22 |
Southwest Baptist | 1971–72 | SBU, 20–28 | ESU, 4–1 | ESU, 6–4 | W 2 | ESU, 24–20 |
Washburn | 1905–06 | WU, 102–105 | WU, 1–4 | WU, 2–8 | L 3 | WU, 16–34 |
Former MIAA Members | ||||||
Emporia State vs. | First Game | Overall Record | Last 5 Meetings | Last 10 Meetings | Current Streak | While in the MIAA |
Missouri–Rolla | 1991–92 | ESU, 15–8 | ESU, 5–0 | ESU, 7–3 | W, 7 | ESU, 13–8 |
Missouri–St. Louis | 1967–68 | Tied, 3–3 | UMSL, 2–3 | Tied, 3–3 | L, 1 | UMSL, 2–3 |
† – Lincoln left the MIAA after the 1998–99 season and rejoined in the 2010–11 season. ‡ – Does not include the 1991–1999 seasons. | ||||||
Venue and culture
Home arena
Since 1940, home basketball games have been played at William L. White Auditorium, a 5,000-seat arena which is named after William Lindsay White, son of William Allen White.[23] The auditorium is also home to the men's basketball team and the Lady Hornets volleyball team since the program started in 1973.[24] In 2008, White Auditorium received an upgrade with a new scoreboard and video board, as well as a new color scheme on the arena floor and the throughout the entire building.[23]
School colors
Black | Gold |
Emporia State's official school colors are black and gold.[25] They have been the colors since the school was founded in 1863, and until recently, the gold was Old gold.[26]
Mascot
Corky the Hornet is Emporia State University's mascot.[27] In 1923 when the Emporia State was named to the Kansas State Teachers College, the athletic teams were known as the "Yaps". Many people were not fond of the name, most notably Emporia State coach, Vic Trusler.[28] Trusler suggested to Cecil Carle of the Emporia Gazette that the university's athletic teams should be called the "Yellow Jackets". However, the name changed to "Hornets" due to the lack of newspaper space.[28]
In 1933, the Teachers College had a student contest where students and staff could design a mascot for the college. Sophomore Paul Edwards, who graduated in 1937, designed Corky. Although hundreds of drawings were submitted, Edwards' Corky, a "human-like" hornet was selected. Corky was published in The Bulletin, the student newspaper for Emporia State University.[28]
References
- ↑ "Color - Marketing & Media Relations - Emporia State University". Retrieved 2016-01-27.
- ↑ "Vandiver named ESU basketball coach". CJOnline.com.
- ↑ "Moe steps down as ESU coach". CJOnline.com.
- ↑ "Emporia State University Athletics – 2014–15 Men's Basketball Schedule". esuhornets.com.
- ↑ "Emporia State University Athletics – 2012–13 Men's Basketball Schedule". esuhornets.com.
- 1 2 3 4 2011 MBB Media Guide (PDF). 2011-12-16. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
- ↑ "Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletic Association – Conference History". Themiaa.com. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
- ↑ Emporia State University
- 1 2 3 4 2010 MBB Media Guide (PDF). 2011-12-16. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
- ↑ "Reading Eagle – Google News Archive Search". google.com.
- ↑ "Emporia State University Athletics – Hall of Fame". esuhornets.com.
- ↑ "ESU basketball court to be named for award-winning coach". CJOnline.com.
- 1 2 "Kansas Sports Hall of Fame – Slaymaker, Ron". kshof.org.
- ↑ "CMUCHIPPEWAS.COM Comstock Named Men's Basketball Assistant Coach – Official Athletic Site – Men's Basketball". cstv.com.
- ↑ BRENT MAYCOCK. "Emporia State hires Moe as men's coach". cjonline.com.
- ↑ "DenverPost.com – College Sports". denverpost.com.
- ↑ ESU Athletics. "Emporia St. Basketball Coach Steps Down". kake.com.
- ↑ "ESU men's basketball coach David Moe stepping down". Emporia Gazette.
- ↑ "Emporia State names Vandiver new basketball coach". Retrieved 2016-11-27.
- ↑ 2012–13 Media Guide (PDF). 2012-12-04. Retrieved 2016-06-23.
- ↑ "Emporia State University Athletics – 2013–14 Men's Basketball Schedule".
- ↑ "Emporia State University Athletics – 2014–15 Men's Basketball Schedule". esuhornets.com.
- 1 2 "History". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- ↑ ESU Volleyball at White Auditorium
- ↑ "Emporia State Colors: Marketing & Media Relations". Emporia.edu. Emporia State University. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
- ↑ "2013 ESU Football Media Guide" (PDF). 2013-09-19. Retrieved 2015-11-14.
- ↑ "Corky the Hornet". Retrieved 13 October 2014.
- 1 2 3 "The Legend of Corky the Hornet". 2010-09-18. Retrieved 2016-06-06.