Erdington

Erdington
Erdington
 Erdington shown within the West Midlands
Population 22,828 (2011Ward)[1]
   – density  4,910 per km²
OS grid referenceSP111919
Metropolitan boroughBirmingham
Metropolitan county West Midlands
RegionWest Midlands
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town BIRMINGHAM
Postcode district B23, B24
Dialling code 0121
Police West Midlands
Fire West Midlands
Ambulance West Midlands
EU Parliament West Midlands
UK ParliamentBirmingham Erdington
WebsiteErdingtonTownCentre.com
List of places
UK
England
West Midlands

Coordinates: 52°31′25″N 1°50′16″W / 52.523611°N 1.837778°W / 52.523611; -1.837778

Erdington is a suburb of Birmingham that is historically part of Warwickshire. It is 5 miles (8 km) northeast of central Birmingham, England and borders Sutton Coldfield. It is also a council constituency, managed by its own district committee. The formal council constituency the smaller ward of Erdington, and the wards of Tyburn, (formerly Kingsbury), Stockland Green and Kingstanding, although all of Kingstanding and most of both Tyburn and Stockland Green wards lie outside the historical boundaries of Erdington.

History

Erdington Manor

Erdington had its own manor house, Erdington Hall, which was protected on three sides by a double moat and on the fourth by the River Tame. It had developed from a small fortified homestead constructed by an Anglo-Saxon named Eardwulf in the area of Bromford.[2] Demolished in the 17th century, it stood on a hill at the junction of what are now Wheelwright Road and Tyburn Road. The double moat was drained in the 18th century by Sir Charles Holte. Until 1912 another building stood, but this was demolished for the construction of the Tyburn Road, though a small section remained until World War I.

Other moated properties included one at Fern Road, one at the junction of Moor End Lane and Berkswell Road, and another that surrounded a large farm called Pipe Orchard, the site of which can be seen in the Erdington Grammar School playing fields.

Middle Ages

Erdington developed as a village as a result of settlers travelling up the course of the River Tame from Tamworth in the 9th century. The settlements of Minworth and Curdworth were also established. It is believed that the Roman track 'Ridgeway', now Chester Road, was another route for settlers, since the early nucleus of the village which was a very short distance from the path.[2]

At the time of the Norman conquest the Earls of Mercia had possession of the village: Edwin, grandson of Lady Godiva, owned the property. He tried to resist the Normans' attempts to gain possession of Erdington; but he was executed in 1071. The earldom then passed to William I who placed the manor and village in the possession of William Fitz-Ansculf, a powerful Norman baron who lived at Dudley Castle. He then gave the manor to Peter de Erdington.[3]

Erdington was mentioned in the Domesday Book under the name Hardintone and was under the possession of Peter. It had arable land for six ploughs, a mill and 5 acres (2.0 ha) of meadows and woodland. It was valued at 30 shillings and was one mile (1.6 km) in length and half a mile in breadth.

As Erdington was near Sutton Forest, the Normans imposed strict laws on the village forbidding the hunting of wild animals and the keeping of sheep. Tenants were permitted an allowance of timber from the forest, but with limitations to protect royal game. Erdington remained within the precincts of Sutton Forest until 1126, when Henry I exchanged the Manor of Sutton, with forest, for two manors in Rutland belonging to Roger, Earl of Warwick. The forest became a chase and the woodland laws were relaxed.[2]

The mill mentioned in the Domesday Book was located in Bromford, close to the manor house at a loop in the river, where a straight channel was cut to facilitate the milling of corn. The mill was owned by the lord of the manor and the tenants were obliged to grind their corn there. Erdington was connected to Bromford via Bromford Lane, which still exists today in the middle of a 1960s council estate.

In the 15th century, a chapel was built at the side of the manor house for the residents of Erdington. However, attendance was low and the chapel fell into decay. The residents were then urged to travel to the parish church in Aston; however, again the attendance was low. A south aisle was therefore added to the church and became known as the Erdington chantry.[2]

The Black plague affected Erdington severely as indicated in the 14th century local records. Henry de Pipe, owner of the Manor of Pipe (now Pype Hayes Hall), lost his wife and all but one child. His second wife, Maud, was the daughter of George de Castello of Castle Bromwich. However he soon discovered that she was pregnant with a child of another man, and he then died.

Tudor period

Around the 1500s the Gravelly Hill area began to become mentioned in documents. John Leland described the area as "by sandy ground, better wooded than fertile of wheat... the soil is sandy and good for conyes." Thus there were many rabbits (conyes) and it is known that it remained as a rabbit warren for a while, as it was deemed unsuitable for cultivation. At the foot of Gravelly Hill was the River Tame, which was spanned by Salford Bridge. Salford Bridge was first mentioned as Shrafford Brugge during the reign of Henry III. It was originally a footbridge; however in 1810 it was improved to allow the crossing of vehicles. The word Shrafford was of Saxon origin, meaning "the ford by the caves". These caves were cavities in the nearby Copeley escarpment. The caves were artificially enlarged, and survived World War II. During the war, they were used as air raid shelters. After the war they were completely destroyed for the construction of the Gravelly Hill Interchange.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, new families lived at Erdington Hall. The Dymocks moved in: they were a prominent family, including several knights. However their strict manorial laws made them unpopular amongst the residents of Erdington.

English Civil War

As the English Civil War erupted, Erdington was expanding rapidly through the purchase of land for agricultural purposes. In 1643, Birmingham was plundered by the Royalists. After his victory in Birmingham, Prince Rupert passed through Erdington and Sutton Coldfield with his troops on their way to Lichfield.[2]

18th and 19th centuries

In 1759, a turnpike act was passed for the Chester Road and another act was passed in 1807 for a road that passed through Erdington village from Birmingham. This resulted in Erdington being a stop-off location for stage coaches which passed along the Chester Road to Chester from London. In 1783, the Birmingham-Fazeley Canal was completed. It passed along the southern boundary of Erdington at Tyburn. Planning requests included that the canal should not pass within 500 metres of Pype Hayes Hall.[2]

By the mid-1700s, Erdington had a population of under 700 and within its boundaries were 52 roads, one forge, 40 farms, 96 cottages, two smithies and a shop. By 1832, it had a population of 2,000.

Erdington has had historic ties with both Castle Bromwich and Water Orton through administration, governance and land ownership whilst being part of Aston Parish. In 1894 Erdington broke from Aston to become an urban district. Administrative offices were established at the Rookery on Kingsbury Road, which have since become Rookery Park.[2] In 1911, the urban district council of Erdington and that of Aston Manor were absorbed into the growing city of Birmingham.

Erdington shopping centre formed the core of the area with most of the older housing being located close to it. The railway alongside also attracted the development of many Victorian and Edwardian houses.

Highcroft Hospital

Highcroft Hospital was a former Poor Law institution, and then a psychiatric hospital. There was a social stigma to being treated there. Other large psychiatric institutions in Birmingham have been broken up.[4] All of the old Highcroft Hospital grounds have been used for new housing. The main hospital building has been renovated into luxury apartments and has been named Highcroft Hall. Highcroft Hall was built between 1869 and 1871 by Victorian architect Yeoville Thomason.

The building, sanctioned by the Poor Law Board, was originally a workhouse providing housing to paupers, idiots, tramps, seniles, lunatics and imbeciles (terms used at the time with distinctive definitions).

The building was originally named the Aston Union Workhouse, but was renamed over the years as Erdington House (1912 – following the City boundary changes), and then Highcroft Hall Hospital (1942); and was more commonly referred to in later years as just Highcroft Hospital.

Over the years, the hospital has generally provided care for the mentally ill. In 1994, the hospital became part of the Northern Birmingham Mental Health NHS Trust. During the following two years, the facilities were gradually rehoused in more modern units nearby and in 1996, the building was declared closed. The site was derelict for the next eight years, before being refurbished by property developers between 2004 and 2006.

Lyndhurst estate

On the Sutton Road, a number of houses were demolished in 1957 for the construction of the Lyndhurst Estate. Number 44 was retained as it was an old building considered to be of interest. The demolished houses were detached post 1840 Victorian villas.[5] Constructed on the site were six tower blocks and numerous low rise maisonettes. The tallest of these, Harlech Tower, was 16 storeys and at the time it was the tallest tower block in Birmingham, though many taller blocks were later built. In 1961, the estate won the Civic Award for Housing for the retention of the original trees from the villas and the architectural qualities of the tower blocks which included an exposed concrete frame, a sweeping staircase and a false upper storey to hide the laundry facilities on the roof.[6]

The Lyndhurst estate is now the focus of a redevelopment scheme in Erdington. The low rise maisonettes will be demolished as well as Harlech and Burcombe Towers. Modern residential properties will be built on the site and the money raised from this will be used to refurbish the remaining tower blocks.

Pitts Farm estate

Pitts Farm estate is off Chester Rd in some places bordering Pype Hayes Park.[7] There are plans to develop and improve the area.[8]

Etymology

Though referred to as Hardintone in the Domesday Book, it is widely accepted that the name comes from a reference to a fortified homestead established by Eardwulf in Anglo Saxon times, with 'ton' or 'tun' being an Anglo-Saxon suffix for a settlement of that period. This homestead developed into a large house in the area of Bromford and became Erdington Hall.

However the name "Yenton" also applies to the possible corruption of "Yerdington", an enclosure, which could apply to a moated homestead.[2]

Features

Erdington's history is documented well through its buildings. One of the most well-known features in the area is Spaghetti Junction, situated on the southern edge of the district and on the border of Aston and Gravelly Hill. As well as being a road interchange, two railway lines, three canals, and two rivers also converge on that location. Britain's longest bridge, Bromford Viaduct starts here, carrying the M6 to Junction 5, Castle Bromwich. It has long been a historic crossing point in Birmingham, with the incorporation of Salford Bridge, which was first mentioned in a deed in 1490, although a bridge is believed to have been at this location since 1290.[9]

Fort Dunlop

Nearby is Fort Dunlop, former home of Dunlop Rubber, a relic of Erdington's industrial past. At its peak, it employed 10,000 people but its industrial usage has declined since, with Dunlop maintaining only a small presence in the area. The factory closed in September 2014.[10]

The main building was redeveloped from 2005 to 2006 into office and retail space by Urban Splash. The area surrounding Fort Dunlop is used by logistics companies and also features showrooms operated by several car manufacturers, including Birmingham's only Lamborghini dealership.

Shopping

Fort Dunlop lends its name to the nearby The Fort Shopping Park, constructed on reclaimed land by the Birmingham Heartlands Development Corporation in 1996.

The Parish Church, following the fire

Erdington has a distinct concentration of retail space, known as Erdington town centre or Erdington village, the main focus of which is Erdington High Street. There is also a market located on Barnabas Road and another market, Wilton Market, between Sutton New Road and the High Street, next to Witton Market is Swannies which is intermediate between a market and a shopping centre. Opposite Witon Market and Swannies on the High Street is as Cooperative Store which has been there since at least the 1950s and is the largest Supermarket in the town centre. Erdington town centre is now a Business Improvement District.[11] With the support of Quest Micro Technology Ltd, Erdington Town Centre has embarked on improving local business economy via their official website portal http://www.ErdingtonTownCentre.com.

Other features in central Erdington

Also on the High Street is Erdington Parish Church, and nearby on Sutton Road is The Abbey Church. The Parish Church was severely damaged by fire on the morning of 4 October 2007.[12] Also nearby, on Mason Road, is Erdington Swimming Baths which were constructed by the Birmingham Baths Committee, this is a complex including Saunas and a fitness centre as well as a swimming pool, Erdington Library, Opened in 1907 as a Carnegie library, is a public library operated by Birmingham City Council. It is the meeting place of the Erdington Historical Society on the second Monday of every month.

Other features in Erdington

Josiah Mason Campus, a campus forming Birmingham Metropolitan College, was formerly a further education college by the name of Josiah Mason College that merged with Sutton Coldfield College in 2006.

To the north of Erdington, within the area of Pype Hayes on the border with Walmley, is Pype Hayes Park and Pype Hayes Hall, the former home of the Bagot family. A smaller park in the area is Sorrel Park.

The Old Green Man on Bromford Lane (now known as the Lad in the Lane) is one of the oldest public houses in Birmingham.

Hospitals

Erdington is served by the Good Hope Hospital in neighbouring Sutton Coldfield. Erdington is also served by the John Taylor Hospice and by Northcroft Hospital built on the edge of the site of the former Highcroft Hospital.

Geography

Erdington itself borders the traditionally working class areas of Aston, Perry Barr and Hodge Hill as well as Kingstanding, Tyburn, and Stockland Green and the affluent, spacious districts of Sutton Coldfield, Minworth, Castle Bromwich and Water Orton (North Warwickshire). It is located approximately five miles north east of Birmingham City Centre.

The borders of Erdington are:

Erdington also includes Pype Hayes. This was formerly a working class area of Council houses built between World War I and World War II. These houses had to be demolished due to problems with the concrete used in their construction. Pype Hayes is now an area with modern houses, some are owner occupied, others belong to Housing associations. One tower block, Sorrel House, was retained and refurbished.

Brookvale Park Lake and surrounding land is a park that was formally a drinking water reservoir until the steadily encroaching city made the water unfit for human consumption. It was briefly converted into an outdoor pool until that was also abandoned after health and safety concerns.

Demographics

At the time of the 2001 Population Census there were 22,626 people living in Erdington. The area where Chester Road crosses Birmingham Road and Sutton Road is called "The Yenton". The area had a population density of 50.7 people per hectare and the ward covers an area of 446.2 hectares. Erdington had a slightly higher proportion of females, at 52%, to males. This followed the city trend as 51.6% of the population of Birmingham are females. 98.6% of the population of Erdington lived in households whilst the remaining 1.4% lived in communal establishments. This is 0.3% above and 0.3% below the city average, respectively. There were a total of 10,547 households in Erdington, producing an average of 2.2 persons per household. This is below the city average of 2.5 and national average of 2.4. 63.4% of the households are owner occupied, above the city average of 60.4%. The local authority rented out 19.2% of the population. 5.8% of the households were rented from housing associations and 8% were rented privately. 459 of households were vacant, which accounted for 4.4% of the total number of houses in Erdington. The most common housing type was semi-detached properties, whilst purpose built blocks of flats were the second most common.[13]

The age patterns of Erdington are very similar to that of the England. 29.7% of the residents were in the 25–44 age bracket, above the city average of 28.3% and the nationwide average of 29.3%. 19% of residents were of a pensionable age, above the city average of 16.7%. 60% of the population were of a working age (16–65 years of age), above the city average of 59.8% but below the national average of 61.5%.[13]

Erdington has relatively little ethnic diversity for a suburb of a major English city. Some 8.9% of the population were born outside of the country, below the city average of 16.5% and national average of 9.3%. 89% of the population are white, well above the city average of 70.4% and just below the national average of 90.9%. Black ethnic groups were the second largest in Erdington, representing 3.9% of the population. 3.8% were from Asian ethnic groups and 2.8% were from mixed ethnic backgrounds. The remaining 0.5% were from Chinese and other ethnic groups. More specifically, the British White ethnic group represented 81.7% of the population and the Irish White represented 6%. 3.2% of the population were of Black Caribbean descent and 1.8% were of Indian descent.[13]

71.% of the population of Erdington stated themselves as Christians, the same figure for the rest of the country although higher than the Birmingham average of 59.1%. 14.9% of the population stated that they were of no religion. Muslims represented only 2.2% of the population, below the Birmingham average of 14.3% and the lowest number in the city (together with the Sutton Coldfield wards).[13]

Erdington had an unemployment rate of 8.1%, below the city rate of 9.5% but above the national average of 5%. 65.5% of the population were economically active. Of the economically inactive, 36.2% were retired and 10.7% were students. 33% were long term unemployed and 9.9% had never worked. Of the economically active, 17.5% worked in the Manufacturing sector.[13] The largest employers in the area were the Education Department of Birmingham City Council, Colliers Peugeot dealers and Cincinnati Machine (UK) Ltd. all of which employed 200 people between them.[14]

Erdington's best known resident was Josiah Mason, the philanthropist whose bust now stands at the centre of the roundabout at the junction of Chester Road and Orphanage Road, so named because he founded an Orphanage there in 1860.

Transport

The bridge at Erdington, showing the old LMS lettering.

Erdington railway station lies on the Cross-City Line, which runs northwards to Lichfield and southwards to Redditch via Birmingham New Street. The line and station opened in 1862.[15] Erdington is also served by the two adjacent stations on the line, Gravelly Hill, which was also opened in 1862,[16] and Chester Road, which opened in 1863.[17]

Important roads that access the area include A38 (Birmingham to Derby road), A5127 (Gravelly Hill) and the A47 Spine Road. The M6 motorway forms the southern border of the district, with connections at Junction 6 (Gravelly Hill Interchange). There is a well-established network of bus routes through Erdington with connections to Birmingham city centre and Sutton Coldfield, the majority of which are operated by National Express West Midlands.

In the southern area of the district is the Birmingham Fazeley Canal which helped develop that area as a major employment sector. The River Tame added to this, and with the introduction of the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway the area became a prominent industrial area.

Politics

Erdington constituency shown within Birmingham.

Erdington has long been represented by the Labour Party. There was much surprise when Conservative Robert Alden won a seat in Erdington ward de-seating the Labour candidate Susannah McCory in 2006. Again in 2007, McCory lost to the Conservatives, this time to Gareth Compton who replaced the retiring long serving Labour councillor Renee Spector. The other seat in the ward was won, again by the Conservatives, by Bob Beuchamp, an Erdington garage owner.

Candidate Political party Votes
 2006[18]
Robert James Cambray Alden[19] Conservative Party 2,210
Gareth Andrew Hardy Liberal Democrats 559
Susanna Loretta McCorry Labour Party 1,889
Mark Adam Oley Green Party of England and Wales 321
Elizabeth Jane Wainwright British National Party 826
Candidate Elected – Robert James Cambray Alden
Majority – 321
Candidate Political party Votes
 2007[20]
Gareth Francis Thomas Compton Conservative Party 2,588
Gareth Andrew Hardy Liberal Democrats 453
Susanna Loretta McCorry Labour Party 1,701
Mark Adam Oley Green Party of England and Wales 295
Terence Raymond Larkin British National Party 494
Candidate Elected – Gareth Francis Thomas Compton
Majority – 887
Candidate Political party Votes
 2008[21]
Bob Beauchamp[22] Conservative Party 2,678
Philip David Mills Liberal Democrats 330
Christopher Peter Hilcox Labour Party 1,187
Mark Adam Oley Green Party of England and Wales 185
Simon Briscoe British National Party 317
Umar Malik United Kingdom Independence Party 82
Candidate Elected – Bob Beauchamp
Majority – 1,491

Birmingham Erdington is a constituency, its Member of Parliament is Jack Dromey. Noted members of parliament have included Robin Corbett and Julius Silverman. Previously the areas Member of Parliament have included Sutton Coldfield to form a singular constituency. In addition to Erdington, the constituency includes the wards of Kingstanding, Stockland Green and Tyburn all outside the traditional Erdington boundaries.

Erdington has adopted a Ward Support Officer with the current holder of the title being Alison Nicholls.

Culture and sport

It was formerly home to the famous rock music venue, Mothers (previously the Carlton Ballroom), which from 1968 until it closed in 1971 played host to bands such as Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin and The Who.[23] The resident band were Erdington locals The Moody Blues and the DJ was John Peel. The club was located opposite St Barnabus Church on the High Street above a furniture store. Other local Erdington artists included The Spencer Davis Group and Black Sabbath.

Erdington has two cricket teams: Highcroft and Great Barr Unity (formed in 2003 by the merger of Highcroft CC and Great Barr CC)[24] and Erdington Court.[25] It also has a Gaelic football team, Erin Go Bragh[26] and a successful non-league football Club, Paget Rangers FC.[27] It is also home to Birmingham's American Football team, the Birmingham Bulls.

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "Birmingham Ward population 2011". Retrieved 14 December 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Douglas V. Jones (1989). The Story of Erdington – From Sleepy Hamlet to Thriving Suburb. Westwood Press. ISBN 0-948025-05-0.
  3. ↑ Hutton, William (1836). The History of Birmingham. J. Guest.
  4. ↑ History of Highcroft Hospital (.ppt file)
  5. ↑ Frank E. Joyce (1977). Metropolitan Development and Change: West Midlands – A Policy Review. University of Aston in Birmingham with Teakfield Ltd for the British Society for the Advancement of Science. ISBN 0-566-00193-4.
  6. ↑ Bigger is Better? Local authority housing and the strange attraction of high-rise, 1945–70, Phil Jones – Urban Morphology Research Group, University of Birmingham, 2002
  7. ↑ Birmingham A-Z published 2007, page 86 2A
  8. ↑ Pitts Farm Development Brief – Supplementary Planning Guidance
  9. ↑ Stephens, W.B. (1964). "Communications". A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 7: The City of Birmingham. British History Online. pp. 25–42. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
  10. ↑ Dunlop Motorsport Manufacturing Plant to Close – Sportscar365, 3 February 2014
  11. ↑ Birmingham.gov.uk: Erdington Business Improvement District
  12. ↑ "Fire destroys 150-year-old church". BBC News. 4 October 2007.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 "Ward Profiles" (pdf). Birmingham City Council. November 2005. pp. 37–40. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  14. ↑ "Erdington" (pdf). Birmingham Economy. Retrieved 6 June 2008.
  15. ↑ "Rails Around Birmingham: Erdington Station". Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  16. ↑ "Rails Around Birmingham: Erdington Station". Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  17. ↑ "Rails Around Birmingham: Erdington Station". Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  18. ↑ Elections 2006 – Results, Birmingham City Council
  19. ↑ Erdington Conservatives – Cllr Robert Alden
  20. ↑ Elections 2007 – Results, Birmingham City Council
  21. ↑ Elections 2008 – Results, Birmingham City Council
  22. ↑ Erdington Conservatives – Cllr Bob Beauchamp
  23. ↑ Mothers in Erdington
  24. ↑ Highcroft and Great Barr Unity Cricket Club: About us
  25. ↑ Erdington Court
  26. ↑ Erin Go Bragh GAA
  27. ↑
  28. ↑ Burkeman, Oliver (7 June 2013). "John Oliver: a very British coup". The Guardian.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Erdington.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/13/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.