Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm

Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm

Location of Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm in Romania
Country	Romania
Location	Fântânele / Cogealac
Coordinates	44°35′25″N 28°33′55″E / 44.59028°N 28.56528°E / 44.59028; 28.56528Coordinates: 44°35′25″N 28°33′55″E / 44.59028°N 28.56528°E / 44.59028; 28.56528
Status	Operational
Construction began	2008
Commission date	2012
Owner(s)	CEZ Group
Wind farm
Type	Onshore
Site area	110 km² (42 sq mi)
Hub height	100 m (328 ft)
Rotor diameter	99 m (325 ft)
Power generation
Units operational	240
Make and model	General Electric: 2.5XL
Nameplate capacity	600 MW
Website http://www.cez.cz/en/power-plants-and-environment/wind-power-plant/fantanele-cegealac-wind-park.html

The Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm is the largest onshore wind farm in Romania, with installed nameplate capacity of 600 MW from 240 General Electric 2.5xl wind turbines.^[1] The wind farm has been built for the ČEZ Group.

History

The project was first envisioned by United States developer Continental Wind Partners, a renewable energy partnership backed by private equity fund Good Energies Investments with operations in several countries including Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, Australia and New Zealand.^[2] In 2008 Continental Wind Partners agreed to sell the 600 MW wind farm project to the Czech energy utility ČEZ Group.

Planning permission was granted in 2007 and construction began in September 2008, with the first turbine being erected by August 2009. The first stage of the project, the Fântânele farm, was finished in December 2010 with the erection of 139 turbines. The second phase of the project involved the construction of another 101 wind turbines erected in Cogealac and has a nominal power output of 252.5 MW and was completed in November 2012.^[3]

Description

The wind farm occupies 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres) of open field, 600 hectares (1,500 acres) in Fântânele and 500 hectares (1,200 acres) in Cogealac communes.^[3] The wind farm is north of Constanţa, 17 kilometres (11 mi) west from the shore of the Black Sea.^[4]

The entire project required a capital investment of approximately €1.1 billion.^[5] Fântânele-Cogealac wind farm is the largest onshore wind farm in Europe surpassing the 322 MW Whitelee Wind Farm in Scotland, United Kingdom.^[6]^[7] The wind farm will account for 10% of the total green energy production in Romania at completion.^[8]

As the figures given above were published before the turbines had been operational for a full year they are projected rather than recorded figures. Wind speed is not constant, therefore, a wind farm's annual energy production never achieves the sum of the generator nameplate ratings multiplied by the total hours in a year. The ratio of actual productivity in a year to this theoretical maximum is called the capacity factor. Typical capacity factors are 20–40%, with values at the upper end of the range achieved on particularly favourable sites.^[9]^[10] The expected capacity factor for Fântânele-Cogealac Wind Farm, calculated from the company's projected figures, is 30%.

Construction

The wind farm was constructed in two phases in Fântânele and Cogealac on an area of 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres).^[3] The construction of the first phase of the wind farm on a 600 hectares (1,500 acres) plot of land started at Fântânele in October 2008 with the construction of 137 kilometres (85 mi) of access roads as well as the foundations for the wind turbines leaving a distance of 700 metres (2,300 ft) between them.^[11] The land on which the wind farm is built is partially owned by the CEZ Group but most of it is leased for a period of 49 years from local land owners, who receive around €3,000 per year each in royalties.^[8] For the connection of the individual turbines and the transportation of electricity 150 kilometres (93 mi) of cables were laid.^[12] CEZ also built four electric power transformation substations that are used to increase the voltage from 33kV to 110 kV and one main transformation station used to further increase the voltage to 400 kV so it can be suitable for use by Transelectrica, the national electric power transmission company of Romania.^[13] For the construction of the 137 kilometres (85 mi) of roads 950,000 tonnes of crushed rock was used, and for the construction of a single wind turbine foundation 40 tonnes of rebar and 400 cubic metres of concrete were used as well as 105 pilings used to stabilise the structure driven into the earth at depths of up to 24 metres (79 ft).^[4] All of the infrastructure from the site was designed and constructed by a joint venture Viarom Construct SA -roads and concrete foundations- and Energobit SA -electric cabling and electric substations-.

The project's components were manufactured in several countries. Blades were manufactured in Brazil, Spain and Germany; nacelles in Germany; towers segments in Germany and China, with many internal electrical components coming from the United States.^[4] According to the rhythm of construction as much as 50 trucks enter and leave the site on an average day transporting around 8,000 tonnes of materials on a weekly basis, but figures were as high as 10,000 tonnes per day at the beginning of the construction.^[4] For the assembly of the wind turbines giant cranes are used with lifting capacities between 500 and 700 tonnes.^[4] The Fântânele wind farm was expected to cost around €600 million.^[14] The first wind turbine at Fântânele to be connected to the national grid was commissioned on 1 June 2010 having the number FE-28.^[15]

The construction of the second phase of the wind farm on a 500 hectares (1,200 acres) plot of land at Cogealac started in 2010 but was postponed due to issues and conflicts with the mayor of Cogealac, Cati Hristu.^[14] This phase included the erecting of 101 General Electric 2.5xl wind turbines with a nominal power output of 252.5 MW.^[11] The Cogealac wind farm involves capital investments of around €500 million and was complete in November 2012.

References

↑ CEZ Group: The Largest Wind Farm in Europe Goes Into Trial Operation
↑ "CEZ Purchases F&C Wind Farms from Continental". Invest IQ. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
1 2 3 "Cel mai mare parc eolian din Europa se construieşte în judeţul Constanţa". Wind Power Energy. 2009. Archived from the original on December 26, 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
1 2 3 4 5 "Primul parc eolian din Dobrogea". Masura Media. 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
↑ "CEZ va investi 1,1 miliarde euro într-un parc eolian în România". money.ro. 2008. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
↑ "Romanian village hosts Europe's largest wind farm". Digital Journal. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
↑ "GE supplying turbines to Europe's largest wind farm". businessgreen.com. 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
1 2 Bran, Mirel (2010-08-31). "Windfarms bring renewable energy and good fortune to Romania". Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
↑ American Wind Energy Association (1998). "How Does A Wind Turbine's Energy Production Differ from Its Power Production?". awea.org. Archived from the original on March 13, 2008. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
↑ Center for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "Wind Power: Capacity Factor, Intermittency, and what happens when the wind doesn't blow?" (PDF). ceere.org. Retrieved 19 December 2008.
1 2 "Prima etapa a parcului eolian de la Constanta va fi gata cu cateva luni intarziere". ziare.com. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
↑ "Parcul eolian Fantanele si Cogealac, de trei mai mare decat cel din Spania". Graiul Dobrogei. 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
↑ "Parcul eolian de la Fântânele şi Cogealac, cel mai mare din Europa". Ziarul Cuget Liber. 2009. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
1 2 "Bătălia turbinelor eoliene: Cinci oameni împuşcaţi. De ce s-a tras la Cogealac?". Adevarul. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
↑ "First turbine of Fantanele wind farm was connected to the grid". CEZ Group. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-21.

External links

Official website

High Capacity Power stations in Romania

(more than 100 MW installed capacity)

Thermal	Turceni - 1,650 MW Rovinari - 1,320 MW Mintia-Deva - 1,285 MW Crivina - 990 MW Brazi - 950 MW Petrom Brazi - 860 MW Luduș-Iernut - 800 MW Sărdănești - 700 MW Borzești - 655 MW Brăila - 646 MW Ișalnița - 630 MW Bucharest South - 550 MW Galați - 535 MW Doicești - 320 MW Bucharest West - 310 MW Craiova II - 300 MW Paroșeni - 300 MW Alum Tulcea - 250 MW Borzești II - 250 MW Fântânele - 250 MW Halânga - 247 MW Buzău - 207 MW Oradea - 205 MW Govora - 200 MW Progresu - 200 MW Brazi II - 150 MW Giurgiu - 150 MW Iaşi I - 150 MW Pitești Sud - 136 MW Arad - 112 MW Brașov - 100 MW Grozăvești - 100 MW Iaşi II - 100 MW Holboca - 100 MW Palas - 100 MW Suceava - 100 MW

Hydroelectric	Iron Gate I - 2,192 MW Tarniţa - Lăpuşteşti - 1,000 MW Iron Gate II - 591 MW Lotru-Ciunget - 510 MW Râul Mare - 335 MW Mărișelu - 221 MW Vidraru - 220 MW Bicaz-Stejaru - 210 MW Ruieni - 153 MW Nehoiaşu - 152 MW Oaşa - 150 MW Şugag - 150 MW Remeți - 146 MW Brădişor - 115 MW Tismana - 106 MW

Nuclear	Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant - 1,400 MW

Wind farms	Sinus Holding - 700 MW Fântânele-Cogealac - 600 MW Blackstone - 500 MW Deleni - 500 MW Eolica Cogealac - 448 MW Mărişelu - 300 MW Eolica Sǎcele - 252 MW Eolica Casimcea - 244 MW Văcăreni - 240 MW Verbund Casimcea - 225 MW Green Energy - 200 MW Pechea - 150 MW Sabloal Valea Dacilor - 147 MW EDP Cernavodă - 138 MW Eolica Beidaud - 128 MW Eolica Baia - 126 MW Eolica Sarichioi - 102 MW Gheorgheni - 100 MW

Wind farms in Romania

≥ 100 MW	Sinus Holding - 700 MW Fântânele-Cogealac - 600 MW Blackstone - 500 MW Deleni - 500 MW Eolica Cogealac - 448 MW Mărişelu - 300 MW Eolica Sǎcele - 252 MW Eolica Casimcea - 244 MW Văcăreni - 240 MW Verbund Casimcea - 225 MW Alpha Wind Casimcea - 201 MW Green Energy - 200 MW Pechea - 150 MW Sabloal Valea Dacilor - 147 MW EDP Cernavodă - 138 MW Eolica Beidaud - 128 MW Eolica Baia - 126 MW Eolica Sarichioi - 102 MW Gheorgheni - 100 MW

50-100 MW	EDP Peştera - 90 MW Râmnicu Sărat - 80 MW Eolica Mihai Viteazu - 80 MW Eolica Istria - 74 MW Enel Corugea - 70 MW Eximprod Galaţi - 70 MW Sălbatica I - 70 MW Eolica Corbu - 68 MW Eolica Pantelimon - 66 MW Auşeu-Borod - 65 MW Eolica Grǎdina - 62 MW Valea Nucarilor - 60 MW

≤ 50 MW	Corbiţa - 50 MW EOL Săcele - 50 MW Babadag - 48 MW Roşieşti - 46 MW Activ Business Casimcea - 45 MW Dorobanţu - 45 MW Mereni - 45 MW Eolgen Racoviţeni - 45 MW Blue Investment Baia - 35 MW Orşova - 35 MW Enel Agichiol - 34 MW EDP Sarichioi - 33 MW Eolus Vind - 30 MW

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