Fort Defiance (Ohio)

Fort Defiance
Part of the Northwest Territory of the United States
present day Defiance, Ohio

Fort Defiance[1]
Site history
Built 1794
Battles/wars Northwest Indian War, Tecumseh's War, War of 1812
Garrison information
Past
commanders		 Anthony Wayne
Occupants United States troops
Fort Defiance Park

Overview of the fort site
Location Fort St., Defiance, Ohio
Coordinates 41°17′15″N 84°21′25″W / 41.28750°N 84.35694°W / 41.28750; -84.35694Coordinates: 41°17′15″N 84°21′25″W / 41.28750°N 84.35694°W / 41.28750; -84.35694
Area 1.3 acres (0.53 ha)
Built 1794
Architect Major Henry Burbeck
NRHP Reference # 80002989[2]
Added to NRHP June 23, 1980

Fort Defiance was ordered built by General "Mad" Anthony Wayne in August 1794 at the confluence of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers. It was the last of a line of defenses constructed by American forces in the campaign leading to the Northwest Indian War's Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794.

Work began on August 9, 1794 and was completed by August 17. The name was derived from a declaration by Charles Scott, who was leading a band of Kentucky militiamen in support of Wayne, that: "I defy the English, Indians, and all the devils of hell to take it."[3] The post was considered one of the strongest fortifications built in that period.

Following the Battle of Fallen Timbers, Wayne used Fort Defiance as his base of operations and ordered the destruction of all Native American villages and their crops within a 50-mile (80 km) radius of the fort. Under terms of the Treaty of Greenville, signed on August 3, 1795, the native nations ceded six square miles around the fort and allowed the Americans to maintain a trading post there, even though it was within the area of land defined by the "Greenville Treaty Line", beyond which Americans had agreed not to settle.

Until the War of 1812, Fort Defiance was one of the westernmost outposts in Ohio. William Henry Harrison used it as one base for his attacks against Native Americans during Tecumseh's War, and the fort played a role in the War of 1812 as well.

The city of Defiance, Ohio, was founded at the fort's location. In 1904, the site of the fort was chosen for the Defiance Public Library.

Fort Defiance served as a reference point for defining the boundary line of land cession in the Treaty of Detroit in 1807. This north-south line would be used again as the Michigan Meridian in the survey of lands in Michigan.

Today, a park occupies the site of the fort, which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.[2]

References

  1. ↑ Lossing, Benson (1868). The Pictorial Field-Book of the War of 1812. Harper & Brothers, Publishers. p. 330.
  2. 1 2 National Park Service (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
  3. ↑ Nelson, p. 246
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