Fort Peck Lake

Fort Peck Lake

The lake seen from the Lewis and Clark Overlook east of the dam
Location Montana, United States
Coordinates 47°46′41″N 106°40′53″W / 47.77806°N 106.68139°W / 47.77806; -106.68139Coordinates: 47°46′41″N 106°40′53″W / 47.77806°N 106.68139°W / 47.77806; -106.68139[1]
Lake type Reservoir
Primary inflows Missouri River, Musselshell River, Fourchette Creek, Dry Creek
Primary outflows Missouri River
Catchment area 57,500 sq mi (149,000 km2)[2]
Max. length 134 mi (216 km)[2]
Surface area 245,000 acres (99,000 ha)
Average depth 76.3 ft (23.3 m)
Max. depth 220 ft (67 m)[2]
Water volume 18,687,731 acre·ft (23.050977 km3)[2]
Surface elevation 2,250 feet (690 m)[2]
Frozen Winter
Islands York Island, others unnamed
Settlements Fort Peck

Fort Peck Lake, or Lake Fort Peck, is a major reservoir in Montana, formed by the Fort Peck Dam on the Missouri River. The lake lies in the eastern prairie region of Montana approximately 140 miles (230 km) east of Great Falls and 120 miles (190 km) north of Billings, reaching into portions of six counties.[1]

The dam and reservoir were built in the 1930s to enhance navigation on the Missouri River, and supply enough water to provide a 9-foot deep channel from Sioux City, Iowa, to the mouth of the Missouri just above St. Louis. Following severe flooding along the Missouri River in 1943, which hampered the economic development of the Missouri River Valley and damaged production of military supplies for then-ongoing World War II, five additional dams were added when the federal government adopted the Pick-Sloan Plan, calling for a series of dams and reservoirs to be built along the Missouri and its tributaries.[3] Fort Peck Dam was built from 1933 to 1940 by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; water impoundment began in 1937 and the reservoir was first filled to capacity in 1947.[4]

With a volume of 18,700,000 acre feet (23.1 km3) when full, Fort Peck is the fifth largest artificial lake in the United States. It extends 134 miles (216 km) through central Montana, and its twisting, inlet-studded shoreline has a total length of some 1,520 miles (2,450 km).[5] Along with the Missouri River, smaller tributaries such as the Musselshell River, Fourchette Creek, Timber Creek, Hell Creek and Dry Creek feed the reservoir; the latter forms the longest side arm of the reservoir, which reaches some 30 miles (48 km) southwards. The lake covers an area of 245,000 acres (99,000 ha), making it the largest in Montana by surface area, although Flathead Lake has a larger volume due to its greater depth.[6][7]

The reservoir is also a tourist attraction, with 27 designated recreational sites bordering its shores.[8] Bordering nearly the entire reservoir is the 1,719-square-mile (4,450 km2) Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, which has preserved much of the high prairie and hill country around the lake in a more or less natural state.[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Fort Peck Lake". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. 1980-04-04. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fort Peck Dam and Reservoir Fact Sheet" (PDF). Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  3. ↑ "Pick Sloan Missouri Basin Program". U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 2010-08-03. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  4. ↑ "Missouri River: The Pick-Sloan Plan" (PDF). Missouri National Recreational River. U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  5. ↑ "Welcome to the Fort Peck Dam/Lake Fort Peck Homepage". Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  6. ↑ "Montana". Archeology Program. U.S. National Park Service. 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  7. ↑ "About Flathead Lake". Flathead Lake Biological Station. University of Montana. 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  8. ↑ "Fort Peck Lake Recreational Opportunities". Omaha District. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
  9. ↑ "Welcome to Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge". Mountain-Prairie Region. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
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