Open format

An open format is a file format for storing digital data, defined by a published specification usually maintained by a standards organization, and which can be used and implemented by anyone. For example, an open format can be implemented by both proprietary and free and open source software, using the typical software licenses used by each. In contrast to open formats, closed formats are considered trade secrets. Open formats are also called free file formats if they are not encumbered by any copyrights, patents, trademarks or other restrictions (for example, if they are in the public domain) so that anyone may use them at no monetary cost for any desired purpose.[1]

Specific definitions

Sun Microsystems

Sun Microsystems defines the criteria for open formats as follows:[2]

US government

Within the framework of Open Government Initiative, the federal government of the United States adopted the Open Government Directive, according to which: "An open format is one that is platform independent, machine readable, and made available to the public without restrictions that would impede the re-use of that information".[3]

State of Minnesota

The State of Minnesota defines the criteria for open, XML-based file formats as follows:[4]

Commonwealth of Massachusetts

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts "defines open formats as specifications for data file formats that are based on an underlying open standard, developed by an open community, affirmed and maintained by a standards body and are fully documented and publicly available."[5]

The Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM) classifies four formats as "Open Formats":

  1. OASIS Open Document Format For Office Applications (OpenDocument) v. 1.1
  2. Ecma-376 Office Open XML Formats (Open XML)
  3. Hypertext Document Format v. 4.01
  4. Plain Text Format

The Linux Information Project

According to The Linux Information Project, the term open format should refer to "any format that is published for anyone to read and study but which may or may not be encumbered by patents, copyrights or other restrictions on use"[1] – as opposed to a free format which is not encumbered by any copyrights, patents, trademarks or other restrictions.

Examples of open formats

Main article: List of open formats

Open formats include:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Free File Format Definition". LINFO.org. Retrieved 2007-02-11.
  2. ↑ Open Document Format for Office Applications (OpenDocument) v1.0 – OASIS Standard, 1 May 2005
  3. ↑ "Open Government Directive". The White House.
  4. ↑ Meanwhile, Deep Down in Texas: An Open Format Bill is Filed – Tuesday, 6 February 2007 @ 03:55 PM PST Contributed by: Andy Updegrove – ConsortiumInfo.org
  5. ↑ Major Revision of Massachusetts Enterprise Technical Reference Model (ETRM). Robin Cover, Editor – Created: 3 July 2007. – Cover Pages

External links

Wikiversity has learning materials about Open format
Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: FOSS Open Standards
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