Gaki Sherocho

Tato Gaki Sherocho, king of Kaffa, in chains after his defeat against Ras Wolde Giyorgis in 1897

Gaki Sherocho (died 1919) was the last king of the Kingdom of Kaffa (6 April 1890 – 10 September 1897) in what is now Ethiopia. He is usually called by the Kaffa "Chinito", the diminutive of Taten Chini ("King Chini").[1]

According to Amnon Orent's informants, Gaki Sherocho had many more fields cleared from the jungles during his reign than any of his predecessors, and that he organized the districts of Kaffa to destroy the wildlife that harmed the crops and livestock. The tradition also reports that he ruled with an iron hand, and traveled widely in the countryside to enforce his laws.[1]

In January 1897, Emperor Menelik II sent out three armies under the leadership of Ras Walda Giyorgis (who was appointed ahead of time governor of Kaffa), Dejazmach Demissew Nassibu, and Dejazmach Tessema Nadew to conquer Kaffa. King Abba Jifar II of Jimma supported the Ethiopian forces with his own troops. Ras Walda Giyorgis attacked Gaki Sherocho's kingdom from Konto to the southeast, which was not as strongly fortified as the Jimma-Kaffa boundary along the Gojeb River.[2]

Against an army of 31,000 men, 20,000 armed with rifles, king Gaki Sherocho could marshal about 300 obsolete firearms. Despite this, according to historian Harold Marcus, he called up all men between the ages of eight and 80 "for what was to become a guerilla struggle against overwhelming outside forces." He took the precaution of burying his crown on Mount Butto, trusting in the legend that the kingdom would not fall as long as this royal symbol remained in Kaffa.[3] A more pragmatic tactic is recorded by Alexander Bulatovich, who visited Kaffa and met with some of the Ethiopian participants: destroying the grain supplies. "Knowing very well that the Abyssinians during campaigns supplied themselves exclusively with the provisions of the region under attack," wrote Bulatovich, "Tato Chenito [Gake Sherocho] issued an edict which prohibited producing any crops, even planting. He hoped that the lack of provisions would force the Abyssinians to retreat, and that only the Kaffa, who were used to it, could nourish themselves."[4]

Upon the fall of his capital Anderaccha, Gaki Sherocho fled into the wilderness of his kingdom, where he was able to elude capture for nine months. Chris Proutky claims that he was able to do this because he was "loved by his people"; Bahru Zewde, on the other hand, describes him as despotic and states that this quality led to his downfall.[5]

Captured 11 September, Gaki Sherocho was brought in silver chains (forged out of silver looted from his own treasury) to Addis Ababa, where he lived in captivity for the rest of his life.[6] Ras Walda Giyorgis had forced informants to reveal the location of the crown.[7] Werner Lange writes that the former king died at Ankober, perhaps from poisoning.[8] Athill relates that "so much prestige was attached to the royal crown that Menelik had it sent to Switzerland for fear that its presence in Abyssinia should encourage the descendants of Galito [Gaki Sherocho] to rise in rebellion for its recovery." The king was survived by a son, Bazabi, who accompanied Athill for two days as he travelled through the devastated kingdom in 1920.[9]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Amnon Orent, " Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes", African Historical Studies, 3 (1970), p. 282
  2. ↑ Bahru Zewde (2001). A History of Modern Ethiopia (second ed.). Oxford: James Currey. pp. 65f. ISBN 0-85255-786-8.
  3. ↑ Marcus, Harold G. (1995). The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia 1844-1913. Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press. p. 185. ISBN 1-56902-010-8.
  4. ↑ "With the Armies of Menelik II, emperor of Ethiopia", translated by Richard Seltzer
  5. ↑ Proutky, Empress Taytu and Menilek II: Ethiopia 1883-1910 (Trenton: The Red Sea Press, 1986), p. 204. ISBN 0-932415-11-3; Bahru Zewde, p. 66.
  6. ↑ Bahru Zewdu, p. 66.
  7. ↑ Marcus, Menelik II, p. 186.
  8. ↑ Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 215.
  9. ↑ L. F. I. Athill, "Through South-Western Abyssinia to the Nile", Geographical Journal, 56 (November, 1920), p. 356
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