Gaussian (software)
| Original author(s) | John Pople |
|---|---|
| Developer(s) |
Carnegie Mellon University Gaussian, Inc. |
| Initial release | 1970 |
| Stable release |
Gaussian 09
/ 2009 |
| Website |
www |
Gaussian /ˈɡaʊsɪən/ is a computer program for computational chemistry initially released in 1970 by John Pople[1][2] and his research group at Carnegie Mellon University as Gaussian 70.[3] It has been continuously updated since then.[4] The name originates from Pople's use of Gaussian orbitals to speed up calculations compared to those using Slater-type orbitals, a choice made to improve performance on the limited computing capacities of then-current computer hardware for Hartree–Fock calculations. The current version of the program is Gaussian 09.[5] Originally available through the Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, it was later licensed out of Carnegie Mellon University, and since 1987 has been developed and licensed by Gaussian, Inc.
Gaussian quickly became a popular and widely used electronic structure program. Prof. Pople and his students and post-docs were among those who pushed the development of the package, including cutting-edge research in quantum chemistry and other fields.
Standard abilities
According to the most recent Gaussian manual, the package can do:[6]
- Molecular mechanics
- AMBER
- Universal force field (UFF)
- DREIDING force field
- Semi-empirical quantum chemistry method calculations
- Self-consistent field (SCF methods
- Hartree–Fock method: restricted, unrestricted, and restricted open-shell.
- Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2,[9] MP3, MP4, MP5).
- Built-in density functional theory (DFT) methods
- B3LYP and other hybrid functionals
- Exchange functionals: PBE, MPW, PW91, Slater, X-alpha, Gill96, TPSS.
- Correlation functionals: PBE, TPSS, VWN,[10] PW91, LYP, PL, P86, B95
- ONIOM (QM/MM method) up to three layers
- Complete active space (CAS) and multi-configurational self-consistent field calculations
- Coupled cluster calculations
- Quadratic configuration interaction (QCI) methods
- Quantum chemistry composite methods – CBS-QB3, CBS-4, CBS-Q, CBS-Q/APNO, G1, G2, G3, W1 high-accuracy methods
Official release history
Gaussian70, Gaussian76, Gaussian80, Gaussian82, Gaussian86, Gaussian88, Gaussian90, Gaussian 92, Gaussian 92/DFT, Gaussian 94, Gaussian 98, Gaussian 03, Gaussian 09
Other programs named 'Gaussian XX' were placed among the holdings of the Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange. These were unofficial, unverified ports of the program to other computer platforms.
License controversy
In the past, Gaussian, Inc. has attracted controversy for its licensing terms that stipulate that researchers who develop competing software packages are not permitted to use the software. Some scientists consider these terms overly restrictive. The anonymous group bannedbygaussian.org[11] has published a list of scientists whom it claims are not permitted to use GAUSSIAN software. These assertions were repeated by Jim Giles in 2004 in Nature.[12] The controversy was also noted in 1999 by Chemical and Engineering News[13][14] (repeated without additional content in 2004), and in 2000, the World Association of Theoretically Oriented Chemists Scientific Board held a referendum of its executive board members on this issue with a majority (23 of 28) approving the resolution opposing the restrictive licenses.[15]
Gaussian, Inc. disputes the accuracy of these descriptions of its policy and actions,[16] noting that all of the listed institutions do in fact have licenses for everyone but directly competing researchers. They also claim that not licensing competitors is standard practice in the software industry and members of the Gaussian collaboration community have been refused licenses from competing institutions.
See also
References
- ↑ "Publisher's note: Sir John A. Pople, 1925-2004". Journal of Computational Chemistry. 25 (9): fmv–vii. 2004. doi:10.1002/jcc.20049. PMID 15116364.
- ↑ "John Pople and Gaussian".
- ↑ W. J. Hehre, W. A. Lathan, R. Ditchfield, M. D. Newton, and J. A. Pople, Gaussian 70 (Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, Program No. 237, 1970)
- ↑ Young, David (2001). "Appendix A. A.2.4 Gaussian". Computational Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience. p. 336.
- ↑ "Gaussian Citation".
- ↑ "Gaussian online manual".
- ↑ Michael J. S. Dewar; Eve G. Zoebisch; Eamonn F. Healy; James J. P. Stewart (1985). "Development and use of quantum molecular models. 75. Comparative tests of theoretical procedures for studying chemical reactions". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 107 (19): 3902–3909. doi:10.1021/ja00299a024.
- ↑ James J. P. Stewart (1989). "Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods I. Method". Journal of Computational Chemistry. 10 (2): 209–220. doi:10.1002/jcc.540100208.
- ↑ C. Møller; M. S. Plesset (1934). "Note on an Approximation Treatment form Many-Electron Systems". Physical Review. 46 (7): 618–622. Bibcode:1934PhRv...46..618M. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.46.618.
- ↑ Vosko, S.H.; L. Wilk; M. Nusair (1980). "Accurate spin-dependent electron liquid correlation energies for local spin density calculations: a critical analysis". Canadian Journal of Physics. 58 (8): 1200–1211. Bibcode:1980CaJPh..58.1200V. doi:10.1139/p80-159.
- ↑ "Banned By Gaussian".
- ↑ Jim Giles (2004). "Software company bans competitive users". Nature. 429 (6989): 231. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..231G. doi:10.1038/429231a. PMID 15152213.
- ↑ "Grumblings about Gaussian". Chemical and Engineering News. 82 (10): 29. 2004.
- ↑ "Quantum Chemistry Uproar". Chemical and Engineering News. 77 (36): 27–30. 1999. doi:10.1021/cen-v077n036.p027.
- ↑ "WATOC discussion on Computational Software".
- ↑ "Comments on the "Banned by Gaussian" Website".