Governor Simcoe (1793 ship)
 The North West Company schooner Governor Simcoe was pursued by an American squadron while trying to enter Kingston harbour. | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name: | Governor Simcoe |
| Namesake: | John Graves Simcoe, first lieutenant governor of Upper Canada. |
| Builder: | Richard Cartwright |
| Launched: | Kingston, 29 October 1793 |
| Maiden voyage: | Kingston to Niagara, 28 April 1797 |
| Fate: | Sold to Provincial Marine, March 1813 |
| Notes: | merchantman schooner |
| Great Britain | |
| Acquired: | March 1813 |
| Renamed: | Sir Sydney Smith |
| Fate: | Sold to Royal Navy, 1814 |
 Great Britain | |
| Acquired: | 1814 |
| Renamed: | HMS Magnet 11 January 1814 |
| Fate: | Blown up 5 August 1814 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen: | 187 (bm) |
| Length: | 74 ft (23 m) (deck) |
| Beam: | 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m) |
| Sail plan: | Schooner and later Brig (HMS Magnet) |
| Complement: | 75-80 + 29 marines (HMS Magnet) |
| Armament: |
|
Governor Simcoe was a merchant schooner launched in 1793 that the Provincial Marine acquired in 1813 and named after the British naval officer Sir Sidney Smith. She saw service on Lake Ontario during the War of 1812. The Royal Navy acquired her in 1814 and renamed her HMS Magnet, a few months before her captain had to blow her up to prevent the Americans from capturing her.
Governor Simcoe
Governor Simcoe served the North West Company (NWC) fur trade on Lake Ontario from her launch at Kingston, Ontario, Upper Canada, in 1793.[1] She was built for a group of merchants with ties to the North West Company, principally Richard Cartwright. As was common for most NWC ships at the start of the war, she was then likely hired out as a supply ship for the Provincial Marine and remained unarmed until a survey and refit in March 1813.[2][3]
For some years prior to the outbreak of war, and for at least the first five months of the war, her captain was James Richardson (1759–1832), an ex-Provincial Marine Officer. "On the eve of the Battle of Queenston Heights on 13 October 1812 he delivered a shipment of gunpowder to Niagara and afterwards returned to York with prisoners and the news of Major-General Sir Isaac Brock’s death."[4]
On her last merchant voyage, on 11 November 1812 Commodore Isaac Chauncey's United States Navy (USN) Lake Ontario squadron then patrolling off Kingston spotted Governor Simcoe and chased her. Governor Simcoe "evaded capture but ran too closely over a shoal and sank at its berth in Kingston from the damage it had incurred."[5]
Sir Sydney Smith
Early in 1813, despite Governor Simcoe being the oldest vessel on the lakes at the time, the British acquired her (whether by purchase or hire). After a survey and extensive refitting in March 1813 she was renamed Sir Sydney Smith. Sir Sydney Smith was not a commissioned warship of the Royal Navy and so was not entitled to the prefix 'HMS'. She was under the command of Lieutenant G. Marjoribanks.[6]
She set sail on 27 May 1813 with the rest of Commodore Yeo’s British Provincial Marine Lake Ontario Squadron. As Sir Sydney Smith she took part in attacks on Sackets Harbor and Oswego, as well as engagements against the USN on 10–11 August 1813.[7] She also was briefly involved in a chase near Burlington, Ontario by the American schooner Julia.
HMS Magnet
The Royal Navy took command of all Provincial Marine vessels in 1814, renamed them, and replaced their crews with Royal Navy crews. Sir Sydney Smith was refitted as a brig and renamed HMS Magnet, the Admiralty not liking to name vessels after living people. Her captain was Lieutenant George Hawkesworth.
On 5 August 1814 she was carrying munitions from York to Niagara when Chauncey’s squadron arrived to block her access to safe anchorage on the Niagara River. Fearing capture, Hawkesworth drove Magnet ashore 10 miles (16 km) west of the mouth of the Niagara River, salvaged what munitions he could, and then set a fuse to destroy Magnet and the remaining cargo in an enormous explosion which observers said could be heard and felt at York - approximately 30 miles (48 km) across Lake Ontario.[8][9]
Citations and references
- Citations
- ↑ Malcomson (2001a), p.327.
- ↑ Malcomson (2001b), p.42.
- ↑ Malcomson (2001b), p.70.
- ↑ Biography – RICHARDSON, JAMES (d. 1832) – Volume VI (1821-1835) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography. - accessed 31 July 2014.
- ↑ Malcomson (2001b), p. 68.
- ↑ "NMM, vessel ID 375858" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol iii. National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ↑ Malcomson (2001b), pp.71 & 78.
- ↑ Malcomson (2006), p.311.
- ↑ Malcomson (2001a), p.292.
- References
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
- Malcomson, Robert (2001a). Lords of the Lake (Paperback ed.). Robin Brass Sudio. p. 327. ISBN 1-896941-24-9.
- Robert Malcomson (2001b). "Warships of the Great Lakes, 1754-1834". Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-55750-910-7.
- Robert Malcomson (2006). "The A to Z of the War of 1812". Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6838-0.
- Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 1-86176-246-1.
- Julia DANFS entry on USS Julia
- Ken R. Macpherson, "List of Vessels Employed on British Naval Service on the Great Lakes, 1755-1875," Ontario History,vol. LV (1963): 173-79
- David Lyon & Rif Winfield (2004). The Sail & Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815-1889. London. ISBN 1-86176-032-9.
- David Lyon (1997). The Sailing Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy, Built, Purchased and Captured, 1688-1860. London. ISBN 0-85177-864-X.
This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales License, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project