Podujevo bus bombing
| Podujevo bus bombing | |
|---|---|
| Location | Near Podujevo, Kosovo, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia |
| Date |
16 February 2001 12:00 p.m. (Central European Time) |
| Target | Serbs |
Attack type | Bombing |
| Deaths | 12 |
Non-fatal injuries | 40 |
Suspected perpetrators | Kosovo Albanian extremists |
The Podujevo bus bombing was an attack on a bus carrying Serb civilians near the town of Podujevo in Kosovo on 16 February 2001. The bombing killed twelve Serb civilians who were travelling to Gračanica and injured dozens more. Albanian extremists are suspected of being responsible for the attack. Gračanica is a predominantly Serb-populated town in central Kosovo, near the regional capital Pristina, in a predominantly Albanian-populated area. Following the Kosovo War in 1999 it became an enclave within Albanian-controlled territory. Relations between the two communities were tense and occasionally violent.
Background
In early 1998, Serbian police forces moved to put down an uprising by ethnic Albanians in central Kosovo. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) responded by launching a bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 24 March 1999. The campaign lasted for 78 days and ended when the Yugoslav Army (VJ) left the province on 12 June. The 40,000 withdrawing Yugoslav soldiers were replaced by an estimated 50,000 NATO troops.[1] The 848,000 Albanians who were displaced from their homes during the war quickly returned as about 230,000 Serbs, Roma and other non-Albanians fled for fear of retaliatory attacks.[2] An estimated 300 Serbs were killed by Kosovo Albanians in attacks following the war.[3] Approximately 100 Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were damaged or destroyed in the region by the end of 1999. Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) officials condemned some of the attacks while Albanian media organizations attempted to justify them, calling the churches "symbols of Serbian fascism". Serbian authorities urged international forces to prevent further attacks from occurring.[4]
Attack
The so-called Niš Express was a convoy of five[5] or seven[6] buses which carried 200 ethnic Serbs from Kosovo[5] to the southeastern Serbian city of Niš and back.[7] The convoy was under the protection of a British unit of KFOR and was escorted by five Swedish armoured vehicles.[5] A remote-controlled bomb exploded in its vicinity at noon on 16 February 2001 as it passed through the Albanian-populated town of Podujevo while returning from Niš to the Serbian enclave in Gračanica.[8] The Serbs were travelling to visit family graves in Gračanica on the Orthodox Christian Day of the Dead.[9] The first bus took the full force of the blast.[6] It contained 57 passengers and most of those killed or wounded in the attack were sitting in it.[5] KFOR had received advance warning of the attack and conducted a search of the bus route but failed to uncover any explosive devices.[7] The youngest victim was Danilo Cokic (1999-2001) [7] Reports suggested that the patrol conducting the search was distracted just prior to the explosion by two men acting suspiciously.[6]
The explosion caused many injuries and United Nations helicopters were used to airlift at least three victims to hospital. The buses not affected by the blast were able to drive away from the scene. The two men who were spotted by the KFOR patrol before the attack were taken into custody.[6]
Aftermath
Kosovo Albanian extremists were suspected of orchestrating the attack.[6][10] Initial reports suggested that 7 people were killed by the blast. Two wounded Serbs died en route to the hospital and the body parts of two others were found amongst the debris of the bus.[10] Eleven people were killed and 40 were injured by the blast.[7] According to KFOR's regional commander, the bomb was made of 100–200 pounds of high explosive.[11] The explosion created a crater that was six feet deep and twelve feet wide.[10]
Serbs living in Kosovo enclaves began forming crowds and attacking Albanians within one hour of the attack. Serbs in the enclave of Čaglavica blocked the road leading to Macedonia and pulled ethnic Albanians out of their cars and assaulted them.[5] The relatives of the victims reacted by staging violent protests in Gračanica.[6]
NATO leaders condemned the blast and called it "premeditated murder". NATO peacekeepers on the ground described the bombing as an indiscriminate attack. NATO Secretary General George Robertson responded to the blast by saying "NATO did not conduct its air campaign in order to see ethnic cleansing by one group replaced by the ethnic attacks and intimidation of another". He warned that Kosovo was in danger of losing the support of the international community if violence continued. The Parliament of Yugoslavia protested the bombing—which it deemed an act of terrorism—by cutting short its session.[6]
Arrests
Controversy surrounds the arrests and subsequent release of the suspects.[12] Five Albanian men were arrested for the attack.[13] Four men were later suspected of committing the attack, but they escaped from a U.S. detention facility in 2002. One Albanian, Florim Ejupi, was convicted in 2008 of planting the bomb and sentenced to 40 years in prison.[14] However, he was released on 13 March 2009.[15] On 5 June 2009, EULEX's chief prosecutor announced that the EU mission had opened a new inquest into the case that had been given to the special prosecutor's office in charge of war crimes cases.[16]
Notes
- ↑ "Wave of Yugoslav troops, trucks leave Kosovo". CNN. 11 June 1999. Retrieved 8 March 2014.
- ↑ Judah 2000, p. x.
- ↑ Radu 2006, p. 129.
- ↑ Herscher 2010, p. 131.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Russell 2006.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BBC 16 February 2001.
- 1 2 3 4 Boyle 2011, p. 107.
- ↑ See:
- Boyle 2011, p. 107;
- BBC 16 February 2001.
- ↑ BBC News
- 1 2 3 Carlotta Gall (18 February 2001). "Death Toll in the Kosovo Bomb Attack on Serbs Rises to 11". The New York Times.
- ↑ "Ruthless murder of Serbs on road to family graves", The Birmingham Post, 17 February 2001
- ↑ Aaron Fitchtelberg (9 June 2015). Hybrid Tribunals: A Comparative Examination. Springer. pp. 173–. ISBN 978-1-4614-6639-0.
- ↑ Jennings, Christian (28 March 2001). "SAS troops seize Kosovo bomb suspects". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ↑ http://www.javno.com/en-world/kosovo-albanian-gets-40-years-for-serb-bus-bombing_154191
- ↑ 'Panel frees Albanian jailed for Kosovo bus bombing' Reuters
- ↑ "New probe into 2001 bus bombing". B92. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
References
- "Serbs die in Kosovo bus blast". BBC. 16 February 2001.
- Boyle, Michael J. (2011). "Revenge and Reprisal in Kosovo". In Suhrke, Astri; Berdal, Mats. The Peace In Between: Post-War Violence and Peacebuilding. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-80892-4.
- Herscher, Andrew (2010). Violence Taking Place: The Architecture of the Kosovo Conflict. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-6935-8.
- Judah, Tim (2000). The Serbs: History, Myth and the Destruction of Yugoslavia. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08507-5.
- Radu, Michael (2006). Dilemmas of Democracy and Dictatorship: Place, Time and Ideology in Global Perspective. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 0-7658-0313-5.
- Russell, Lawrence Richard (2006). The Mammoth Book of Special Ops. London: Constable & Robinson. ISBN 978-1-78033-698-5.
Coordinates: 42°55′N 21°12′E / 42.917°N 21.200°E