Great St Bernard Tunnel

Great St Bernard Tunnel

Italian side of the tunnel
Overview
Location   Switzerland
 Italy
Coordinates 45°51′52″N 7°10′22″E / 45.8645°N 7.17266°E / 45.8645; 7.17266Coordinates: 45°51′52″N 7°10′22″E / 45.8645°N 7.17266°E / 45.8645; 7.17266
Status Active
Route E27
RN 27
Start Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses
End Bourg-Saint-Pierre
Operation
Work begun 1958
Opened 1964
Toll

16,40 € (A1)[nb 1]

27,90 € (A2)[nb 2]
Technical
Length 5,798 m (6,341 yd)
Highest elevation 1918
Lowest elevation 1875

The Great St Bernard Tunnel (French: Tunnel du Grand Saint-Bernard), Italian: Traforo del Gran San Bernardo, German: Grosser-Sankt-Bernhard-Tunnel) is a road tunnel complementing the Great St Bernard Pass, linking Martigny (in the Swiss canton of Valais) with Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses (in the Aosta Valley, in north western Italy).

Description

There is a toll to use the tunnel, payable in full even for drivers who already display on their vehicles a Swiss motorway sticker. The tunnel comprises a section of the E27 route linking Belfort with Aosta.

For most of its 5,798-metre (6,341 yd) length the tunnel runs in a straight line, but incorporating a gentle slope. The northern end is 1,918 m (6,293 ft) above sea level while the southern end is only 1,875 m (6,152 ft) above sea level. At both ends, the approach road to the tunnel is covered by a gallery / avalanche shelter in order to minimize the risk of access to the tunnel being temporarily blocked during bad weather. Any frontier formalities are handled at the tunnel's north end, although the actual national frontier is 2,938 m (3,213 yd) from the Swiss tunnel entrance and 2,860 m (3,130 yd) from the Italian entrance.

The name of the tunnel comes directly from that of the Grand St Bernard Pass, and thereby indirectly from the saint who in AD 1049 founded the hospice high above the tunnel, that also bears his name. Tourists on the Swiss side additionally find themselves reminded by road side billboards of the saint's association with St Bernard dogs.

History

Before the tunnel was constructed, the frontier was passable here only using the Great St Bernard Pass. The pass remains an option in summer, but is normally closed by snow between October and May, and sometimes for longer. The tunnel is intended to be usable for 365 days every year.

The tunnel was opened to traffic on 19 March 1964, having been under construction since 1958. It became the longest road tunnel in the world, replacing the Vielha tunnel which was opened in 1948.

The approach roads have been progressively improved, and most recently the avalanche covers extended on the southern side. The Mont Blanc tunnel tragedy of 1999 prompted a major review of road tunnel safety in several countries including Switzerland, and significant safety upgrades are planned for the Grand St Bernard Tunnel. A speed limit of 80 km/h (50 mph) is already in force inside the tunnel.

Access and popularity

The tunnel itself, and most of the connecting road between Aosta and Martigny are only single carriageway roads, and for most relevant city destinations in Switzerland and Italy the toll free St Gotthard Tunnel and Simplon Pass offer more direct or at least faster routes. This and the toll ensure that the Grand San Bernard Tunnel rarely suffers from the levels of holiday season congestion that plague the more popular Alpine crossing routes, however.

Notes

  1. ↑ Motor bike, motor bike with sidecar, motor bike with trailer.[1]
  2. ↑ Vehicles with 2 or more axles, height measured at front axle, lower than 1.30m and total height lower than or equal to 2 m.[1]</ref>
    43,40 € (B1)[nb 3]
    167,00 € (4)<ref group='nb'>Vehicles with four or more axles with total height over 3m[1]
  3. ↑ Vehicles with two or more axles with height exceeding 2 m, lower or equal to 3 m.[1]</ref>
    75,50 € (B2,B3)[nb 4]
    110,00 € (3A,3B)<ref group='nb'>Three axle truck, total height over 3 m; three axle bus, total height over 3 m.[1]
  4. ↑ Two axle truck , total height over 3 m; two axle bus with total height over 3 m.[1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tolls
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Great St Bernard Tunnel.
Records
Preceded by
Alfonso XIII (Vielha) Tunnel
5.24 km (3.26 mi)		 World's longest road tunnel
1964–1965 		Succeeded by
Mont Blanc Tunnel
11.61 km (7.22 mi)
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/20/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.