Grieg's music in popular culture

The music of the Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg has been used extensively in media, music education, and popular music.

Music education

For the 150th anniversary of his birth, Norway organized a huge celebration, "Grieg in the Schools", which included programs for children from pre-school to secondary school in 1993. The programs were repeated in 1996 in Germany, and called "Grieg in der Schule", in which over a thousand students participated. There were Grieg observances in 39 countries, from Mexico to Moscow.[1]

Further celebrations of Grieg and his music were held in 2007, the 100th anniversary of his death. Bosnia and Herzegovina held a large-scale celebration, featuring Peer Gynt and the Piano Concerto a public concert for children and adults.[2][3] The July 2007 Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference featured Grieg's works.[4]

The Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery in Nebraska presented a chamber music concert that featured one of Grieg's string quartets.[5] Annual conferences are held for continuing education of music teachers and music therapists in the United States.[6]

The New York Times reviewed one of many concerts for young people with Grieg's music, made popular for today's audiences.[7] The reviewer noted, "Kurt Masur has put youth high on his agenda at the New York Philharmonic, and he was conspicuously present at the orchestra's first Young People's Concert at Avery Fisher Hall on Saturday afternoon.... Children and parents came in fair numbers."[7] However, "the enormous grip of popular culture under which such elements are subsumed and it looks like Mr. Masur and the Philharmonic will have the fight of their lives."[7] Masur the teacher-conductor "wisely called for the Grieg themes about to be heard. His delivery was warm, not without humor and occasionally muddled by struggles with the language." He even "stopped in mid-performance to admire Irene Breslaw's viola solo [in Peer Gynt] and to point out its connection to the American hoedown tradition."[7] In conclusion, The Times asserted that "the melodies, already identified by instrument, emerged from the larger mass and did their work. There is a directness in Grieg's music that travels well across cultural divides."[7]

The Bergen University College, and later, the University of Bergen both named their tertiary music departments "Griegakademiet", in honor of Grieg.[8]

Neopaganism

See also: Paganism

Grieg is alleged to have created the neopagan neologism Ásatrú in his 1870 opera Olaf Tryggvasson.[9]

References to Grieg's music in popular culture

Peer Gynt

Main article: Peer Gynt (Grieg)

In 1960 Duke Ellington recorded a jazz interpretation of "Peer Gynt" in his Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G. album. A struggle ensued in Norway between the Grieg Foundation and its supporters, who found the recordings offensive to Norwegian culture, and Norwegian supporters of Ellington. Ellington's versions were withdrawn from distribution in the country until 1967, when Grieg's copyrights expired.[10]

"In the Hall of the Mountain King"

Music

British rock band The Who recorded another performance of "Hall of the Mountain King" in 1967. This version went unreleased until 1995, when it appeared as a bonus track on a CD reissue of The Who Sell Out.[11][12][13] Tucson Weekly has called this cover a "Who-freakout arrangement"[14] One reviewer calls The Who's version the "weirdest of these" covers on the CD, and claims it is "a rendition of the corresponding extract from Grieg's Peer Gynt suite ... [yet] it hardly sounds like Grieg here, anyway..." Another claims that "the main function of the composition is to evoke thoughts of (naturally) King Crimson and (unnaturally) Pink Floyd, because in parts it sounds exactly like 'Interstellar Overdrive'."[15]

Electric Light Orchestra recorded a 6:37 long version of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" in 1973 as the concluding selection of their album, On the Third Day.

Progressive metal band Savatage's song "Prelude to Madness" is an arrangement of Grieg's "In the Hall of the Mountain King". It is included on their 1985 album Hall of the Mountain King which also includes a song of the same name which, however, is an original composition.[16]

The music of Foetus's song "Enter the Exterminator" from his 1985 album Nail is based on Grieg's "In the Hall of the Mountain King". [17]

Film and TV

D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915) used the song to build up to the Union attack on Atlanta. The song had by that time already been used in film scores, whether for Ibsen's play or other works; yet the popularity of Griffith's film helped to establish it in American popular imagination.[18][19]

"In the Hall of the Mountain King" plays a major plot point in Fritz Lang's early sound film M. Peter Lorre's character of child killer Hans Beckert whistles the tune whenever he is overcome with the urge to commit murder. However, Lorre himself could not whistle – it is actually Lang who is heard.[20] The film was one of the first to use a leitmotif, associating "In the Hall of the Mountain King" with the Lorre character. Later in the film, the mere sound of the song lets the audience know that he is nearby, off-screen. This association of a musical theme with a particular character or situation, a technique borrowed from opera, is now a film staple.[18][21]

It was also used in the 2001 film Rat Race[18] and during the depiction of the Henley Royal Regatta in the 2010 film The Social Network[22] where it is arranged, produced and performed by Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross.

The song was used in the Beavis and Butt-Head episode Beavis and Butt-Head Are Dead when Principal McVicker has flashbacks of the duo's antics.

The main melody of "In the Hall of the Mountain King" appears as part of the theme song to the TV show Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog.

On television, the tune is often heard when The Smurfs are in danger.

It is also used as the theme music on advertisements for Alton Towers.

The song was used to title an episode of Mad Men, where the protagonist flashes back to the time spent with Anna Draper, the widow of his superior officer whom he had committed identity theft against. When Dick is in California he pays her a visit where she is teaching a piano lesson. The boy is playing Grieg's piece, to which Dick comments the song is scary.

The song is used as the intro theme for The Dudesons.

It appears in a 2016 TV commercial for Hanes underwear.

Other uses

In the safety demonstration animation that states the illegality of smoking in the CRH (China Railway High-Speed) the "In the Hall of the Mountain King" from the Peer Gynt Suite No. 1 is applied as the background music to accompany a smoker's behaviors before attempting smoking and while smoking, followed by the emergency brake of the train and finally the crying smoker under arrest by 2 policemen.

The theme is also used in the video game Manic Miner. In the final challenge of the 2016 video game "The Witness", the song is utilized to make the player feel a sense of urgency. In the TI-99/4a video game, "Alpiner", the similar tune "Anitra's Dance" from Peer Gynt is used.

"Morning"

Many people first heard "Morning" and "In the Hall of the Mountain King" when it was used in Warner Brothers cartoons featured in The Bugs Bunny Show in the 60s.

"Morning" was later used in the 1973 film Soylent Green as the music selected by Edward G. Robinson's character to listen to as he lay dying.

It was used in an episode of The Wonder Years where Kevin gets up in the morning and proudly faces the day. It changes to darker music, but not "Mountain King", when Kevin realizes he has acne.

In 1998, The Simpsons episode "Bart Carny" paid homage to its use in older cartoons in a sequence where a cheeseburger unwraps in the early sunlight.[23]

Later in the same year, German musical project In-Mood feat. Juliette sampled the theme for their song "Ocean of Light."[24][25]

It appears in the 1999 video game Army Men II.

It is also used as the opening theme music in PopCap Games' video game Peggle, accompanying the animation of a rising sun.

"Death of Åse"

This piece appears as the main menu theme in the WWII MMO War Thunder.

A fast version of "The Death of Åse" is a piece of the background music for level 8 of the video game Descent.

The main melody of "The Death of Åse" is used in the song "Thokk" by the black metal band Pensées Nocturnes and in the song "Dolls and Ravens" by the doom metal band Consummatum Est.

Piano Sonata

The motion picture The First Legion used Grieg's Piano Sonata in E minor as a way to introduce a Jesuit priest's prayer. The priest, Father Fulton, plays the sonata as a way of connecting himself to the other Jesuits, when "forced to revise their standards of belief after experiencing first a makeshift and later a 'real' miracle."[26]

"Brothers, Sing On!"

The folk song "Brothers, Sing On!" ( EG 170 - in the original Norwegian "Sangerhilsen") was written by Grieg with lyrics by Sigv. Skavlan, with English language lyrics by Herbert Dalmas and/or Howard McKinney.[27][28] The Mohawk-Hudson Male Chorus Association (MHMCA) presented a massed concert, with 90 male singers, at the historic Troy Savings Bank Music Hall on May 3, 2008, entitled "Brothers, Sing On!", with the titular song, which was also adopted as the organization's theme song in 1974.[29] They had previously performed the same song in the same venue in 2002.[30]

The University of Northern Iowa has gone so far as to name its web site and to start every concert with this song:

What if all men, everywhere in the world, could get together and sing? If there was just one song that could be sung, in a true spirit of peace and brotherhood, "Brothers, Sing On!" by Edvard Grieg would be it. "Brothers, Sing On!" is the timeless gem in many men’s choral repertoire. It has been called the ‘international anthem’ of men’s choral singing. For nearly 50 years, "Brothers, Sing On!" has been the mainstay of our Glee Club’s repertoire. We have sung it from the top of Mount Vesuvius; a glacier in the Tyrolean Alps; the ancient castles and underground slate mines of Wales; the deck of a ship on the tossing Irish Sea; the Coliseum in Rome, and a great many places in between. We salute the many excellent men’s choirs throughout the world, especially the collegiate men’s glee clubs, those ‘wandering troubadours’ whom we hope will inspire future generations of singers.
— the Brothers, Sing On! web site, [27]

Other pieces

The musical Song of Norway, based very loosely on Grieg's life and using his music, was created in 1944 by Robert Wright and George Forrest and a film version was released in 1970. The 1957 made-for-TV movie musical The Pied Piper of Hamelin uses Grieg's music almost exclusively, with "In the Hall of the Mountain King" being the melody that the Piper (Van Johnson) plays to rid the town of rats.

Eric Morecambe famously played "all the right notes, just not necessarily in the right order" in a sketch on the 1971 Morecambe and Wise Christmas special that featured Andre Previn.

See also

References

  1. ↑ MNC Web Site, Edvard Grieg Remembered
  2. ↑ Grieg07 - English - Home
  3. ↑ Norveska Official web site for Bosnia-Herzegovina
  4. ↑ Australasian Piano Pedagogy Conference web site
  5. ↑ Quartet will 'string' at the Sheldon, by Ted Taylor, Daily Nebraskan, November 14, 1997 , found at Dail Nebraskan web site
  6. ↑ Grieg Music web site
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Classical Music in Review , by Bernard Holland, October 1, 1991, found at NY Times official web site
  8. ↑ "Griegakademiets historie". Griegakademiet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  9. ↑ A Brief Overview of the Heathen Revival web page
  10. ↑ Cooke, Mervyn and David Horn (2003) The Cambridge Companion to Jazz
  11. ↑ The Who dot Net web site
  12. ↑ 200th Anniversary celebration of Grieg
  13. ↑ NNdB web site
  14. ↑ Tucson Weekly
  15. ↑ Only Solitaire
  16. ↑ Phillips, Fred (28 September 2015). "Savatage, "Prelude to Madness / Hall of the Mountain King" (1987): One Track Mind". Something Else! Reviews. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  17. ↑ Duxbury, Janell R. (2000). "Rockin' the Classics and Classicizin' the Rock: A Selectively Annotated Discography: Second Supplement". Retrieved 10 August 2016.
  18. 1 2 3 Powrie, Phil and Robynn Jeananne Stilwell (2006) Changing Tunes: The Use of Pre-existing Music in Film
  19. ↑ Barbara Saltzman, "Griffith's 'Birth of a Nation' Reborn on Lumivision Disc," Los Angeles Times, June 21, 1991. Found at LA Times archives. Accessed May 23, 2011.
  20. ↑ Falkenberg, Paul (2004). "Classroom Tapes — M". The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
  21. ↑ Costantini, Gustavo. "Leitmotif revisited". Filmsound. Retrieved 2006-05-10.
  22. ↑ Edvard Grieg at the Internet Movie Database
  23. ↑ "The Simpsons (Classic): "Bart Carny"". avclub.com. Retrieved 20 Sep 2015.
  24. ↑ "In-Mood; Juliette - Musik / Poplexikon.de". SWR 3 (in German). August 7, 2007. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  25. ↑ "In-Mood feat. Juliette - Ocean Of Light". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  26. ↑ Lutz Koepnick, The Dark Mirror: German Cinema between Hitler and Hollywood, Weimar and Now: German Cultural Criticism, 32, found at U.C. Press web site.
  27. 1 2 University of Northern Iowa Varsity Men’s Glee Club (Brothers Sing On!) official web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
  28. ↑ Choralnet ideas web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
  29. ↑ "In 1974 'Brothers, Sing On!,' by Edvard Grieg, was adopted as the organization's theme song." See Conductor's Club web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
  30. ↑ BH Singing web site. Accessed May 5, 2008.
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