Grouse Creek block

Fig. 1. Location of the Grouse Creek block and relevant adjacent geologic and geographic landmarks.[1]

The Grouse Creek block is a block of 2.5 to 2.6 billion year old orthogneisses (a type of gneiss) and similar metasedimentary rocks. The Grouse Creek block is one of several Proterozoic and Archean accreted terranes that lie to the north and west of the Wyoming craton, including the Farmington Canyon Complex (<2.5 Ga), the Selway terrane (2.4-1.6 Ga), the Medicine Hat block (2.6-3.3 Ga) and the Priest River complex (>2.6-1.5 Ga).[1] Together, these terranes comprise part of the basement rock of the North American continent[1] and have been critical to studies of crustal accretion in the Precambrian. Ongoing study of the Grouse Creek block will contribute to understanding the paleogeography of the Wyoming craton prior to its incorporation into the supercontinent Laurentia approximately 1.86 billion years ago. The name was proposed by David Foster and others.[1]

Geographic and geologic boundaries

The location of the Grouse Creek block has been determined at some points by determining the age when minerals were metamorphosed through isotopic analysis of uranium, strontium, neodymium and lead.[2] The ages matched characteristic outcropping Archean orthogneisses.[3] Outcrops have been sampled in the Pioneer Mountains,[3][4] the Albion Range,[5] the East Humboldt Range,[6][7] and the Grouse Creek Range.[8] Results indicate that while surface exposures of the Grouse Creek block are rare, the extent of the block is large, reaching from southern Idaho to northeastern Nevada and northwestern Utah (Fig. 1).[9][10] The boundaries of the block remain a topic of significant study.

North Boundary: Lies within or north of the Snake River Plain of Idaho.[1][3][4]
East Boundary: It is generally accepted that the eastern edge is separated from the Wyoming craton by Paleoproterozoic rocks of the Farmington Canyon Complex[11] in the Wasatch Range of Utah.[12][13]
South Boundary: May occur between the East Humboldt Range and Ruby Mountains in Nevada where U-Pb geochronology and Sr, Nd and Pb isotope analysis of intrusive rocks indicate Archean basement is truncated by Proterozoic basement of the Cheyenne Belt.[6][7]
West Boundary: Not well defined largely due to a lack of outcropping rock, though it has been hypothesized that the block could extend to the Neoproterozoic Cordilleran rift margin.[1]

History of study

Initial geochronology of the Grouse Creek block in 1967 provided age dates identical to those of the Wyoming craton, causing the margin between the two to be blurred.[9][13] The Grouse Creek block was later proposed as a separate terrane following the discovery of outcropping 2.45 to 1.6 billion year old Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks[14] of the Farmington Canyon Complex in the Wasatch Range of Utah separating the block from the Wyoming craton.[12][13] There is still debate as to whether the Grouse Creek block is distinct from the Wyoming Craton at depth.[11][15] Geologists proposed three hypotheses for the provenance of the Grouse Creek block:[1][11]

  1. The Grouse Creek block could be an accreted Archean block.
  2. It may be a re-accreted rifted fragment of the Wyoming craton.
  3. Or the block could be a part of the Wyoming craton separated by a younger intracratonic rift.

Geo- and thermochronologic data indicates mountain building and magmatism in the Farmington Canyon Complex at 2.45 and 1.8 billion years ago[1][12] can be attributed to accretion of the Grouse Creek block to the Wyoming craton in the Paleoproterozoic.[14][15] The Wyoming craton can be differentiated from other Archean terranes by an enriched 207Pb/204Pb ratio that is hypothesized to represent early crustal extraction, as well as samarium and neodymium ratios providing rock ages of up to 4.0 Ga.[11] Investigation of lead and neodymium isotope ratios in the Grouse Creek block provide evidence that it is chemically unique with respect to the Wyoming craton, corroborating past studies indicating the accretion of the terrane to the western margin of the Wyoming craton in the Paleoproterozoic (Fig. 2).[11]

Fig. 2. Possible sequence of an accretionary event involving an exotic terrane and a continental landmass. Accretion of the Grouse Creek block onto the Wyoming craton is proposed to occur through this process.[16]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Foster, David A; Paul A Mueller; David W Mogk; Joseph L Wooden; James J Vogl (2006). "Proterozoic evolution of the western margin of the Wyoming craton: implications for the tectonic and magmatic evolution of the northern Rocky Mountains" (PDF). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 43 (10): 1601–1619. doi:10.1139/E06-052. ISSN 0008-4077. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
  2. ↑ Leeman, William P.; Martin A. Menzies; David J. Matty; Glen F. Embree (1985). "Strontium, neodymium and lead isotopic compositions of deep crustal xenoliths from the Snake River Plain: evidence for Archean basement". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 75 (4): 354–368. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90179-7. ISSN 0012-821X.
  3. ↑ Armstrong, R.L.; and Hills, F.A. "Rb–Sr and K–Ar geochrono- logic studies of mantled gneiss domes, Albion Range, southern Idaho, USA." Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 3: 114–124 (1967).
  4. 1 2 Wright, J.E.; and Snoke, A.W. "Tertiary magmatism and mylonitization in the Ruby – East Humboldt metamorphic core complex, northeastern Nevada; U–Pb geochronology and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope geochemistry." Geological Society of America Bulletin, 105: 935–952 (1993).
  5. 1 2 Premo, W.R.; Howard, K.A.; and Castineiras, P. "New SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages and Nd isotopic signatures for plutonism in the northern Ruby – East Humboldt Ranges of NE Nevada: implications for the timing of Tertiary core complex formation." Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 37: 359 (2005).
  6. ↑ Hoisch, Thomas D.; Michael L. Wells; Marty Grove (2008). "Age trends in garnet-hosted monazite inclusions from upper amphibolite facies schist in the northern Grouse Creek Mountains, Utah". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 72 (22): 5505–5520. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.08.012. ISSN 0016-7037.
  7. 1 2 Fleck, R.J.; and Wooden, J.L. "Isotopic identification of the Archean/Proterozoic lithosphere." Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 29:70-71 (1997).
  8. ↑ Wolf, D.E.; Leeman, W.P.; and Vervoort, J.D. "U–Pb zircon geochronology of crustal xenoliths confirms presence of Archean basement beneath the central and eastern Snake River Plain." Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 37: 60 (2005).
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Foster, D.A.; Mueller, P.A.; Kamenov, G.D.; and Stroud, M. "Isotopic analyses of the Grouse Creek Block; A link to the Wyoming Craton?" Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 41: 270 (2009).
  10. 1 2 3 Nelson, S.; Harris, R.; Dorais, M.; Heizler, M.; Constenius, K.; and Barnett, D. "Basement complexes in the Wasatch fault, Utah, provide new limits on crustal accretion." Geology. 30:831–834 (2002).
  11. 1 2 3 Bryant, B. 1988. "Geology of the Farmington Canyon complex, Wasatch Mountains, Utah." US. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1476.
  12. 1 2 Barnett, D.; Bowman, J.; and Smith, H. "Petrologic and geo- chronologic studies in the Farmington Canyon complex, Wasatch Mountains, Utah." Utah Geological Survey Contract Report 93-5 (1993).
  13. 1 2 Mueller, P.; Foster, D.; Mogk, D.; and Wooden, J. "New insights into the Proterozoic evolution of the western margin of Laurentia and their tectonic implications." Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, 36: 404 (2004).
  14. ↑ 2006. Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Coordinates: 41°N 115°W / 41°N 115°W / 41; -115

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