Gynacantha

Gynacantha
G. subinterrupta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Family: Aeshnidae
Genus: Gynacantha
Rambur, 1842

Gynacantha is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae. The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment.[1] This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners. They are also commonly known as duskhawkers.

The genus contains the following species:[2]

  • Gynacantha adela Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha africana (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) - Giant Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha albistyla Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha alcathoe Lieftinck, 1961
  • Gynacantha apiaensis Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha apicalis Fraser, 1924
  • Gynacantha arnaudi Asahina, 1984
  • Gynacantha arsinoe Lieftinck, 1948
  • Gynacantha arthuri Lieftinck, 1953
  • Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha bainbriggei Fraser, 1922
  • Gynacantha bartai Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005
  • Gynacantha basiguttata Selys, 1882
  • Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 (= G. furcata?)
  • Gynacantha bifida Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha biharica Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha bispina Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha bullata Karsch, 1891 - Black-kneed Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha burmana Lieftinck, 1960
  • Gynacantha calliope Lieftinck, 1953
  • Gynacantha calypso Ris, 1915
  • Gynacantha caudata Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha chelifera McLachlan, 1895
  • Gynacantha comorensis Couteyen & Papazian, 2009
  • Gynacantha constricta Hämäläinen, 1991
  • Gynacantha convergens Förster, 1908
  • Gynacantha corbeti Lempert, 1999
  • Gynacantha croceipennis Martin, 1897
  • Gynacantha cylindrata Karsch, 1891 - Greater girdled Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911
  • Gynacantha dobsoni Fraser, 1951 – lesser duskhawker[3]
  • Gynacantha dohrni Krüger, 1899
  • Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck, 1960
  • Gynacantha ereagris Gundlach, 1888
  • Gynacantha francesca (Martin, 1909)
  • Gynacantha furcata Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha gracilis (Burmeister, 1839)
  • Gynacantha helenga Williamson & Williamson, 1930
  • Gynacantha hova Fraser, 1956
  • Gynacantha hyalina Selys, 1882
  • Gynacantha immaculifrons Fraser, 1956 - Pale Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha incisura Fraser, 1935
  • Gynacantha interioris Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha japonica Bartenev, 1909
  • Gynacantha jessei Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha khasiaca McLachlan, 1896
  • Gynacantha kirbyi Krüger, 1898 – slender duskhawker[3]
  • Gynacantha klagesi Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha laticeps Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha limbalis Karsch, 1892
  • Gynacantha litoralis Williamson, 1923
  • Gynacantha maclachlani Förster, 1899
  • Gynacantha malgassica Fraser, 1962
  • Gynacantha manderica Grünberg, 1902 – little duskhawker[4]
  • Gynacantha membranalis Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha mexicana Selys, 1868 – bar-sided darner[1][5]
  • Gynacantha mocsaryi Förster, 1898 – paddle-tipped duskhawker[3]
  • Gynacantha musa Karsch, 1892
  • Gynacantha nausicaa Ris, 1915
  • Gynacantha nervosa Rambur, 1842 – twilight darner[6]
  • Gynacantha nigeriensis (Gambles, 1956) – yellow-legged duskhawker[5][7]
  • Gynacantha nourlangie Theischinger & Watson, 1991 – cave duskhawker[3]
  • Gynacantha odoneli Fraser, 1922
  • Gynacantha pasiphae Lieftinck, 1948
  • Gynacantha penelope Ris, 1915
  • Gynacantha phaeomeria Lieftinck, 1960
  • Gynacantha radama Fraser, 1956
  • Gynacantha rammohani Mitra & Lahiri, 1975
  • Gynacantha remartinia Navás, 1934
  • Gynacantha risi Laidlaw, 1931
  • Gynacantha rolandmuelleri Hämäläinen, 1991
  • Gynacantha rosenbergi Kaup in Brauer, 1867 – grey duskhawker[3]
  • Gynacantha rotundata Navás, 1930
  • Gynacantha ryukyuensis Asahina, 1962
  • Gynacantha saltatrix Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha sextans McLachlan, 1896 - Dark-rayed Duskhawker
  • Gynacantha stenoptera Lieftinck, 1934
  • Gynacantha stevensoni Fraser, 1927
  • Gynacantha stylata Martin, 1896
  • Gynacantha subinterrupta Rambur, 1842
  • Gynacantha tenuis Martin, 1909
  • Gynacantha tibiata Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909 – Usambara duskhawker[8]
  • Gynacantha vesiculata Karsch, 1891
  • Gynacantha villosa Grünberg, 1902 – hairy duskhawker[9]

References

  1. 1 2 Paulson, Dennis R. (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-12281-4.
  2. ↑ Martin Schorr; Martin Lindeboom; Dennis Paulson. "World Odonata List". University of Puget Sound. Retrieved 3 Oct 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Günther Theischinger; John Hawking (2006). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-09073-8.
  4. ↑ Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Gynacantha manderica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  5. 1 2 "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  6. ↑ Paulson, D. R. (2007). "Gynacantha nervosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  7. ↑ Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Gynacantha nigeriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  8. ↑ Clausnitzer, V. & Suhling, F. (2009). "Gynacantha usambarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
  9. ↑ Clausnitzer, V., Suhling, F. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2009). "Gynacantha villosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 13 December 2010.
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