Hadendoa
 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Sudan,  Egypt,  Eritrea | |
| Languages | |
| Bedawi | |
| Religion | |
| Islam[1] |
Hadendoa is the name of a nomadic subdivision of the Beja people, known for their support of the Mahdiyyah rebellion during the 1880s to 1890s.[2] The area historically inhabited by the Hadendoa is today parts of Sudan, Egypt and Eritrea.
Etymology
According to Roper (1930), the name Haɖanɖiwa is made up of haɖa 'lion' and (n)ɖiwa 'clan'. Other variants are Haɖai ɖiwa, Hanɖiwa and Haɖaatʼar (children of lioness).[3]
Language
The language of the Hadendoa is a dialect of Bedawi.[4][1]
History
The southern Beja were part of the Christian kingdom of Axum during the 6th to 14th centuries. In the 15th century, Axum fell to the Islamization of the Sudan region, and although the Beja were never entirely subjugated, they were absorbed into Islam via marriages and trade contracts. In the 17th century, some of the Beja expanded southward, conquering better pastures. These became the Hadendoa, who by the 18th century were the dominant people of eastern Sudan, and always at war with the Bisharin tribe.[4]
The Hadendoa were traditionally a pastoral people, ruled by a Hereditary Chief, called a Ma'ahes. One of the best-known chiefs was a Mahdist general named Osman Digna. He led them in the battles, from 1883 to 1898, against the Anglo-Egyptian- Britain and Egypt were exercising joint sovereignty in Sudan.[5] They fought the British infantry square in many battles, such as in the Battle of Tamai in 1884 and in the Battle of Tofrek in 1885[6] and earned an unenviable reputation for their savagery. After the reconquest of the Egyptian Sudan (1896–98),[7] the Hadendoa accepted the new order without demur.[8][9]
In World War II, the Hadendoa allied themselves with the British against the Italians who were in turn supported by the Beni-Amer tribe.[1][10]
In popular culture
Their elaborately styled hair gained them the name Fuzzy-Wuzzy among British troops during the Mahdist War after which Rudyard Kipling wrote the poem by same name.[11]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Orville Boyd Jenkins , Profile of the Beja people (1996, 2009)
- ↑ Martin, Hugh (1899) Kassala: An Historical Sketch in The United Service Magazine. London: William Clowes & Son. 1899. pp. 58–.
- ↑ Roper, E. M. (1928). Tu Bedawie: an elementary handbook for the use of Sudan government officials. Hertford: Stephen Austin and Sons, Ltd. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- 1 2 Burckhardt, John Lewis (1819). Travels in Nubia: by the late John Lewis Burckhardt. Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ↑ "Anglo-Egyptian Sudan". World Digital Library - Library of Congress. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ↑ Monick, S. (1985). "The Political Martyr: General Gordon and the Fall of Kartum". Military History Journal. 6 (6).
- ↑ Allen, W.H. (1887). The Battle of Tofrek (4th ed.). Galloway. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ↑ F.R. Wingate, "The True Story of Osman Dinga", The Graphic, June 16, 1923.
- ↑ "Hadendoa". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
- ↑ "Africa - The Impact of Firearms". Weapons and Warfare. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
- ↑ Hitchens, Christopher (June 2002). "A Man of Permanent Contradictions". The Atlantic. Retrieved 5 October 2016.
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- Attribution
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hadendoa". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. This work in turn cites: - Count Gleichen, ed., Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (London, 1905)
- F. R. Wingate, Mahdism and the Egyptian Sudan (London, 1891)
- G. Sergi, Africa: Anthropology of the Hamitic Race (1897)
- A. H. Keane, Ethnology of the Egyptian Sudan (1884)