Heart of Oak (1762 ship)
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name: | Heart of Oak |
| Namesake: | Heart of Oak |
| Builder: | South Carolina |
| Launched: | 1762 |
| Fate: | No longer listed in Lloyd's Register in 1790 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen: | 300 (bm) |
| Propulsion: | Sail |
| Armament: | 20 × 6-pounder guns |
Heart of Oak, of 300 tons (bm), was launched in South Carolina in 1762. She spent most of her career as a merchant vessel, though between 1777 and 1782 she served the Royal Navy as a hired armed ship.[1] She was last listed in 1789.
Lloyd's List for 29 May 1764 reported that Heart of Oak, Gwinn, master, sailing from South Carolina to London, had arrived off Beachy.[2]
Hired armed ship
Heart of Oak was commissioned in November 1777 under Commander Nathaniel Crosby, and served in the Liverpool area.[3]
When the French attempted to invade Jersey in 1779, Admiral Mariot Arbuthnot, who had left Spithead with a squadron escorting a convoy en route to North America, sent the convoy in to Torbay and proceeded to the relief of Jersey with his ships. However, when he arrived he found that Captain Ford of HMS Unicorn had the situation well in hand.[4] The French flotilla retreated to Saint-Malo, but then anchored at Coutances. A British squadron under Captain Sir James Wallace in HMS Experiment attacked the French on 13 May 1779 at Cancale Bay. The British managed to set Valeur (6 guns), Écluse (8), and Guépe (6) on fire, though the French were able to salvage Guépe after the British withdrew. The British also captured Danaé (26 or 32 guns), a brig, and a sloop.[5] Heart of Oak apparently was present in some capacity both at the relief and the subsequent action.[3]
In October 1779, Captain Nathaniel Crosby underwent a court martial for embezzlement. He was found guilty, cashiered, and barred from any further employment in the Royal Navy. The purser, who testified against the captain, was discharged without court martial, but it was later established that he had not benefited from the fraud.[6]
Heart of Oak shared with Eagle and Mary in the salvage money paid in January 1780 for the recapture of the brig Thames.[7] The prize money notice, though, does not specify that Heart of Oak was the armed ship, and not the privateer by the same name.
From October 1779 to 1780 she served in the Bristol area under the command of W. Reman. He was still her commander into 1782.[3] Lloyd's List for 14 December 1781 reported that HMS Aurora and Heart of Oak had sent the Three Sisters, Cornelieson, master, into Penzance. Three Sisters had been carrying a cargo of planks from Bruges to Nantes.[8]
At the end of the American Revolutionary War the Royal Navy returned its hired armed vessels to their owners. Heart of Oak then resumed her mercantile career.
Lloyd's Register
The information in Lloyd's Register is only as accurate and up-to-date as the information owners vessels bothered to provide. One finds, therefore, information that is stale-dated and inaccurate (i.e., contradicted in later listings). In the listing below, there is clearly a confusion of names between 1784 and 1787.
| Year | Vessel | Master | Owner | Trade | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1764 | Heart of Oak[9] | H. Gunn | Grubb & Co. | London | 200 tons (bm); South Carolina-built (1763) |
| 1765-1775 | Not available on-line | ||||
| 1776 | Heart of Oak[10] | Henry Gunn | Alex. Watson | Carolina-London | 200 tons (bm); Carolina-built (1762) |
| 1777 | Not available on-line | ||||
| 1778 | Heart of Oak[11] | Hr. Gunn | A. Watson | Carolina-London | 200 tons (bm); Carolina-built (1762) |
| 1779 | Heart of Oak[12] | Crosbie | J Mather | London transport | 300 tons (bm); South Carolina built; 20 x 9-pounder guns |
| 1780 | Heart of Oak[13] | W. Redman | J. Mather | London armed ship | 300 tons (bm); South Carolina built; 20 x 9-pounder guns |
| 1781 | Heart of Oak[14] | W. Redman | J. Mather | London armed ship | 20 x 9-pounder guns |
| 1782 | Heart of Oak[15] | W. Redman | J. Mather | London armed ship | South Carolina built; 20 x 9-pounder guns |
| 1783 | Heart of Oak[16] | W. Redman | J. Mather | London armed ship | South Carolina built; 20 x 9-pounder guns |
| 1784 | Heart of Oak Now - illegible[17] |
Grandwater? Rogers |
J. Mather | Africa-London | 300 tons; Americas built |
| Heart of Oak[18] | R. Redman J. Mather |
J. Mather | London | 300 tons; South Carolina built (1762) | |
| Hannibal | No entry | ||||
| Prince of Wales | No entry | ||||
| 1785 | Not available on line | ||||
| 1786 | Hannibal[19] | J. Banfield | J. Mather | London-Africa | 310 tons (bm); Sidmouth built (1779); great repair 1784 |
| Hannibal[20] | J. Bamfield | J. Mather | Antigua-London | 300 tons (bm); South Carolina built (1762); former Heart of Oak | |
| 1787 | Hannibal[21] | J. Banfield | J. Mather | London-Africa | 310 tons (bm); Sidmouth-built (1779); great repair 1784; "now Prince of Wales" |
| Hannibal[22] | J. Bamfield | J. Mather | Antigua-London | 300 tons (bm); South Carolina-built (1762); great repair 1784; ex-"Heart of Oak" | |
| Prince of Wales | J. Mason | J. Mather | London - Botany Bay | 300 tons (bm); almost rebuilt 1786; named Hannibal in 1786 | |
| 1788 | Not available on-line | ||||
| 1789 | Heart of Oak Now: illegible |
W. Gillis | J. Mather | London - Quebec | 300 tons (bm); South Carolina-built (1762) |
Citations and references
- Citations
- ↑ Winfield (2007), p.353.
- ↑ Lloyd's List, n° 2961.
- 1 2 3 "NMM, vessel ID 368348" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol i. National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 11976. pp. 2–3. 4 May 1779.
- ↑ Clowes et al. (1899), p.25.
- ↑ Steel (1805), pp.18-21.
- ↑ The London Gazette: no. 12047. p. 2. 8 January 1780.
- ↑ Lloyd's List, n° 1318.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1764).
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1776), seq. no. H136.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1780), seq. no. H116
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1780), seq. no. H97.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1780), seq. no. H100.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1781), seq. non. H100.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1782), seq. no. H92.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1783), seq. no. H97.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1784), seq. no.H101.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1784), seq. no.H105.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1786), Seq. no. H402.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1786), Seq. no. H403.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1787), seq. no. H446.
- ↑ Lloyd's Register (1787), seq. no. H447.
- References
- Clowes, W. Laird, et al. (1897-1903) The royal navy: a history from the earliest times to the present. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co.; London: S. Low, Marston and Co.).
- Steel, P. (1805) A Treatise on Naval Courts Martial.
- Winfield, Rif (2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1844157006.
This article includes data released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported UK: England & Wales License, by the National Maritime Museum, as part of the Warship Histories project