Hiltonius
| Hiltonius | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Order: | Spirobolida |
| Family: | Spirobolidae |
| Genus: | Hiltonius Chamberlin, 1918 |
| Type species | |
| Hiltonius pulchrus | |
| Species | |
|
c. 10, see text | |
Hiltonius is a genus of cylindrical millipedes in the family Spirobolidae comprising 10 species ranging from the southwestern United States to Guatemala, with most species being found in Mexico. The genus was named by Ralph Vary Chamberlin in 1918, after Professor William A. Hilton of Pomona College who collected the type specimen of H. pulchrus.[1]
Description
Species of Hiltonius range from 35–70 mm (1.4–2.8 in) long and 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) wide, with 40–49 body segments. The eyes are composed of patches of ocelli, widely spaced, containing 21 to 37 ocelli per patch. The legs are short, usually not reaching the sides of the body when held horizontally. Like many other spirobolids, color ranges from brown to nearly black, and thin bands of red or yellow may occur on the rear margins of each segment.[2]
Species
Hiltonius contains 10 named species. Some have wide distributions while others are known only from the type locality- the place where the type specimens were initially discovered.[2] The northernmost species are H. pulchrus and H. carpinus, ranging into southern California and northern Arizona, respectively. A subspecies of H. carpinus occurs in an isolated population in Guatemala.[2]
| Species[3] | Taxon author[3] | Geographic range[3] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| H. australis | (Grinnell, 1908) | Los Angeles County, California. | This species may be a synonym of H. pulchrus or Tylobolus claremontus.[3] |
| H. carpinus | Chamberlin, 1943 | The subspecies H. carpinus carpinus ranges from southeast Arizona to the Mexican states of Guerrero and Mexico.[4] H. carpinus volcans is known only from Volcán Tajumulco, southwestern Guatemala.[2] | |
| H. erythrotypus | Chamberlin, 1943 | Mexico City | Possibly a synonym of H. mexicanus.[2] |
| H. flavocinctus | Loomis, 1968 | Nuevo Leon, Mexico | |
| H. fossulifer | (Pocock, 1908) | Guerrero, Mexico | Possibly a synonym of H. carpinus.[4] |
| H. hebes | (Bollman, 1887) | San Diego County, California to Baja California Norte, Mexico | |
| H. mexicanus | (DeSaussure), 1859 | Michoacan to Veracruz, Mexico | |
| H. mimus | Chamberlin, 1941 | San Diego County, California | |
| H. pulchrus (type) |
Chamberlin, 1918 | Kern County to San Diego County, California | |
| H. reptans | (von Porat, 1888) | Guanajuato, Mexico | |
Similar species
Hiltonius co-occurs with some species of Tylobolus in southern California. Tylobolus species can be distinguished by larger maximum size (up to 92 mm or 3.6 in long), having more ocelli per eye patch (27–50), a larger hooked process on the coxa of the third leg in males, and in details of the gonopods, male reproductive structures.[2]
References
- ↑ Chamberlin, R. V. (1918). "New spiroboloid diplopods". Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31: 165–170.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Keeton, William T. (1960). "A taxonomic study of the milliped family Spirobolidae (Diplopoda; Spirobolida)". Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. 17: 1–146.
- 1 2 3 4 Hoffman, R. L. (1999). "Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America". Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publications. 8 (1–553).
- 1 2 Shelley, Rowland M (2010). "Occurrence of the milliped, Hiltonius carpinus carpinus Chamberlin, 1943 (Spirobolida: Spirobolidae), in the United States and new records from Mexico". Insecta Mundi. 0116: 1–3.