Horns Rev

For the second Horns Rev wind farm, see Horns Rev 2.
Horns Rev 1
Location of Horns Rev 1 in North Sea
Country Denmark
Location Horns Rev, East North Sea
Coordinates 55°31′47″N 7°54′22″E / 55.52972°N 7.90611°E / 55.52972; 7.90611Coordinates: 55°31′47″N 7°54′22″E / 55.52972°N 7.90611°E / 55.52972; 7.90611
Status Operational
Commission date 2002
Owner(s) Vattenfall (60%)
DONG Energy (40%)
Operator(s) Vattenfall
Wind farm
Type Offshore
Max. water depth 6–14 m (20–46 ft)
Distance from shore 14–20 km (9–12 mi)
Hub height 70 m (230 ft)
Rotor diameter 80 m (262 ft)
Rated wind speed 9.7 m/s (32 ft/s)
Power generation
Units operational 80
Make and model Vestas Wind Systems: V80-2.0
Nameplate capacity 160 MW[1]
Average generation 600 GW·h[2]
Website
www.hornsrev.dk
Horns Rev's location in relation to the wind farms of the German Bight

Horns Rev (also known as Horns Reef) is a shallow area (glacial and sea deposits of sand[3]) in the eastern North Sea, about 15 km / 10 miles off the westernmost point of Denmark, Blåvands Huk.

Horns Rev 1 offshore wind farm

The reef contains the first large scale offshore wind farm in the world, Horns Rev 1 (160 MW from 2002),[1][4] and is four times larger than the previous largest offshore wind farm in the world, the Middelgrunden at 40MW.[5][6]

At Horns Rev the Danish Energy company Elsam (now DONG Energy) built the first offshore wind farm in the North Sea. A total of 80 Vestas V80-2.0 MW units, capable of producing 160 MW, were installed by the Danish offshore wind farms services provider A2SEA in 2002 with the last turbine coming into operation on 11 December 2002. It receives a guaranteed price of 0.453 DKK/kWh for the first 42,000 hours, paid by electricity consumers.[7] Since 2005, the wind farm has been owned and operated by Vattenfall. It cost DKK2bn.[8] A radar has shown details of the wind patterns, improving local short-term forecasting.[9][10]

Turbines are laid out as an oblique rectangle of 5 km x 3.8 km (8 horizontal and 10 vertical rows). The distance between turbines is 560 m in both directions.

The main method of transport to the first wind park is an adapted Eurocopter EC-135 helicopter when winds are less than 19 m/s.[11] Hoisting the workers to and from a small platform on each turbine allows access to the park regardless of sea conditions which would otherwise prevent sailing in the area for a large part of the year.

Vattenfall can change a gearbox in a day, and the farm has an availability of 96-97%. Two turbines are burnt out, and are uneconomic to replace with less than 10 years left.[11]

Horns Rev 2 offshore wind farm

Main article: Horns Rev 2

Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm

In April 2012, most of the Danish Folketing (parliament) agreed to send out tenders in 2013 for a 400 MW wind farm at Horns Rev called Horns Rev 3, and a 600 MW at Kriegers Flak in the Baltic Sea, both likely receiving 90 øre/kWh for the first 50,000 hours.[7] This is expected to raise wind power in Denmark above the current 39% of annual electricity production,[12] which includes the 400 MW Anholt Offshore Wind Farm.[13][14] The Danish Energy Agency expects construction candidates for Horns Rev 3 to have experience with installing and operating a large offshore wind farm.[15][16] Some of the area is an old minefield from World War Two.[17] Four bidders were qualified for the tender.[18]

Vattenfall won the tender in February 2015, at a price of 77 øre/kWh, well below the 105 øre at Anholt.[19] Vattenfall states that they bid unaggressively against strong competition without sacrificing margins.[20] The price reduction contributes to a smaller "green subsidy" (PSO) over the next years.[21][22] A total of 49 Vestas V164-8.3 MW units, capable of producing 406.7 MW, will be installed.[23] Three transformers were installed in July 2016.[24]

Report

Findings released from an eight-year study about offshore wind farms in Denmark show that the projects "operate in harmony with the surrounding environment".[25] The 2006 report confirms that both the Horns Rev and Nysted offshore wind farms will double in size in the coming years.[26]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Horns Rev Wind Farm, Horns Rev web site. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  2. ↑ "Horns Rev". Vattenfall. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  3. ↑ Horns Rev, GEUS News nr 4, 2003. Retrieved March 2010.
  4. ↑ Horns Revolution, Modern Power Systems 5 October 2002. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  5. ↑ Morgan, Colin. Offshore Wind - State of the Art page 24 Garrad Hassan, 20 October 2004. Retrieved: 19 November 2010.
  6. ↑ Larsen, Jens H. The World´s largest off-shore windfarm, Middelgrunden 40MW Copenhagen Environment and Energy Office (CEEO), 2001. Retrieved: 19 November 2010.
  7. 1 2 "Fremskrivning af PSO-udgifter" page 4. Danish Energy Agency, 19 May 2014. Accessed: 17 January 2015.
  8. ↑ "Horns Reef Wind Farm, Denmark". power-technology.com. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  9. ↑ Pinson, Pierre. Radar@Sea
  10. ↑ PossPOW: Possible Power of Offshore Wind power plants Technical University of Denmark
  11. 1 2 http://ing.dk/artikel/horns-rev-laerte-vattenfall-lektien-173671
  12. ↑ Rasmussen, Jesper Nørskov. "Vindmøller slog rekord i 2014 " Energinet.dk, 6 January 2015. Accessed: 6 January 2015.
  13. ↑ Dyrskjøt, Mette. "Two giant offshore wind park tenders in 2013" Dagbladet Børsen, 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  14. ↑ "Energinet kicks off 1GW offshore work" reNews, 23 April 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2012.
  15. ↑ "Danish Officials Seek Experienced Bidders" OffshoreWind, 11 October 2013. Retrieved: 12 October 2013.
  16. ↑ "Draft for prequalification criteria for the tender of Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm" Danish Energy Agency, 10 October 2013. Retrieved: 12 October 2013.
  17. ↑ Wittrup, Sanne. "70 tyske miner kan forsinke kommende havmøllepark " Ingeniøren, 23 February 2015. Accessed: 23 February 2015.
  18. ↑ Wittrup, Sanne. "Horns Rev 3 er en godbid " Ingeniøren, 16 February 2015. Accessed: 12 March 2015.
  19. ↑ Wittrup, Sanne. "Svenske Vattenfall skal bygge Danmarks næste havmøllepark " Ingeniøren, 26 February 2015. Accessed: 26 February 2015.
  20. ↑ Nielsen, Michael Korsgaard. "Vattenfall: Vi har ikke presset indtjeningen" Berlingske, 12 March 2015.
  21. ↑ Wittrup, Sanne. "Regnefejl, billig vind og sene kystmøller sænker prisen på grøn omstilling " Ingeniøren, 27 March 2015. Accessed: 27 March 2015.
  22. ↑ PSO prediction
  23. ↑ "Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm" Vattenfall, 27 June 2016. Accessed: 29 October 2016.
  24. ↑ http://www.4coffshore.com/windfarms/transformer-units-sent-to-horns-rev-3-nid4077.html
  25. ↑ http://www.ens.dk/en/supply/renewable-energy/wind-power/offshore-wind-power/environmental-impacts
  26. ↑ Denmark to Increase Wind Power to 50% by 2025, Mostly Offshore
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