Imphal

Imphal City
ইম্ফল
Capital city of Manipur
Imphal City
Imphal City

Location of Imphal in Manipur

Coordinates: 24°49′N 93°57′E / 24.82°N 93.95°E / 24.82; 93.95Coordinates: 24°49′N 93°57′E / 24.82°N 93.95°E / 24.82; 93.95
Country India
State Manipur
District Imphal West, Imphal East
Elevation 786 m (2,579 ft)
Population (2011 census)
 • Total 264,986 (City), 414,288 (Metropolitan area)[1]
Languages
 • Official Meiteilon (Manipuri)
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 795001
Telephone code 3852
Vehicle registration MN01
Website www.imphalwest.nic.in

The city of Imphal (/ˈɪmpəl/,  Imphal.ogg ) is the capital of the Indian state of Manipur. The ruins of the Palace of Kangla, the royal seat of the erstwhile Kingdom of Manipur, are in the city centre, surrounded by a moat.

History

The Battle of Imphal took place between March and July 1944, during World War II.[2]

Geography and climate

Imphal
Climate chart (explanation)
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
12
 
 
22
4
 
 
31
 
 
23
7
 
 
92
 
 
27
12
 
 
133
 
 
28
16
 
 
159
 
 
29
18
 
 
225
 
 
29
21
 
 
223
 
 
29
22
 
 
195
 
 
29
21
 
 
147
 
 
29
20
 
 
112
 
 
28
17
 
 
46
 
 
25
11
 
 
15
 
 
22
5
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: IMD[3]

Imphal is located at 24°49′N 93°57′E / 24.82°N 93.95°E / 24.82; 93.95 in extreme eastern India,[4] with an average elevation of 786 metres (2,579 ft). It has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa)[5] with mild, dry winters and a hot monsoon season. July temperatures average about 29 °C (84 °F); January is the coldest month, with average lows near 4 °C (39 °F). The city receives about 1,320 mm (52 in) of rain, with June the wettest month. The highest recorded temperature was 35.6 °C (96.1 °F), most recently on 22 May 2009, and the lowest average temperature was −2.7 °C (27.1 °F) on 10 January 1970.[3][6]

Climate data for Imphal
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.8
(82)		 31.5
(88.7)		 35.0
(95)		 34.4
(93.9)		 35.6
(96.1)		 35.6
(96.1)		 35.7
(96.3)		 34.0
(93.2)		 34.4
(93.9)		 33.5
(92.3)		 30.7
(87.3)		 28.9
(84)		 35.7
(96.3)
Average high °C (°F) 21.7
(71.1)		 23.4
(74.1)		 26.9
(80.4)		 28.4
(83.1)		 28.9
(84)		 29.4
(84.9)		 29.0
(84.2)		 29.2
(84.6)		 29.0
(84.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 25.4
(77.7)		 22.4
(72.3)		 26.9
(80.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 14.5
(58.1)		 16.3
(61.3)		 20.0
(68)		 22.7
(72.9)		 24.1
(75.4)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.5
(76.1)		 24.6
(76.3)		 24.4
(75.9)		 22.8
(73)		 19.0
(66.2)		 15.6
(60.1)		 21.1
(70)
Average low °C (°F) 4.3
(39.7)		 7.2
(45)		 11.6
(52.9)		 15.7
(60.3)		 18.4
(65.1)		 21.2
(70.2)		 21.5
(70.7)		 21.3
(70.3)		 20.1
(68.2)		 16.6
(61.9)		 11.0
(51.8)		 5.3
(41.5)		 14.6
(58.3)
Record low °C (°F) −2.7
(27.1)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 2.4
(36.3)		 6.2
(43.2)		 11.1
(52)		 14.7
(58.5)		 15.4
(59.7)		 14.6
(58.3)		 14.3
(57.7)		 7.8
(46)		 1.5
(34.7)		 −1.7
(28.9)		 −2.7
(27.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 11.7
(0.461)		 30.8
(1.213)		 91.6
(3.606)		 132.7
(5.224)		 158.6
(6.244)		 224.9
(8.854)		 222.8
(8.772)		 194.8
(7.669)		 147.3
(5.799)		 111.5
(4.39)		 46.0
(1.811)		 15.1
(0.594)		 1,387.7
(54.634)
Average precipitation days 1.2 3.3 6.6 9.8 11.5 15.3 15.7 13.0 9.9 6.8 3.1 1.0 97.2
Source #1: IMD (period: 1971–2000, record low and high up to 2010)[3][6]
Source #2: Climate-Data.org for mean temperatures (altitude: 779m)[5]

Landmarks of Imphal

Kangla

Kangla Fort is on the banks of the Imphal River, and is also known as the Palace of Kangla. Kangla means "dry land" in the Meitei language. The fort was the palace of King Pakhangba, and also has religious significance. In the fort are a number of temples, and it is surrounded on three sides by a lake.

Hiyangthang Lairembi Temple Complex

A religious site and a tourist attraction, the temple complex is noted for its annual Durga Puja festival in September or October.

Shree Govindajee Temple

The temple was considered the apex of cultural activity during the reign of the Maharajas. Near the palace, it has two domes and a raised congregation hall.

Imphal War Cemetery

Cemetery with trees and monuments at ground level
Imphal War Cemetery

This cemetery remembers British and Indian soldiers who fought and died in the Second World War (1944).

Women's Market (Ima Keithel)

The market stalls are all run by women, and it is reportedly the only such market in the world.[7]

Market, seen from above, with colourful textiles
Women's Market (Ima Keithel)

Transport

Air

Dark highway, with oncoming headlights
National Highway 150 in Imphal
Green buildings with pyramid-shaped roofs
Imphal Airport
Street, with older buildings on each side
Pouna Bazar Market, Imphal

Imphal International Airport is 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) south of the city.[8]

Rail

In October 2012, India's Cabinet Committee on Infrastructure approved an extension of the Jiribam-Silchar railway to Imphal. The extension is expected to reach the city by March 2016.[9]

Demographics

The Imphal metropolitan area is made up of Bijoy Govinda, Chingangbam Leikai, Imphal, Khongman, Khurai Sajor Leikai, Kiyamgei, Kongkham Leikai (portion), Laipham Siphai, Lairikyengbam Leikai, Lamjaotongba, Lamshang (core town), Langjing, Langthabal Kunja, Langthabal Mantrikhong (portion), Lilong (Imphal West) (core town), Lilong (Thoubal), Naorem Leikai, Naoria Pakhanglakpa, Oinam Thingel, Porompat, Porompat Plan Area, Sagolband (portion), Takyel Mapal, Thongju and Torban (Kshetri Leikai).[1]

Education

Universities

Yellow-and-green buildings forming a narrow archway
Manipur University main gate

Technical colleges

Medical colleges

Rectangular pink building with glass front
City Convention Centre

References

  1. 1 2 Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  2. ↑ "Imphal and Kohima". Britain's Greatest Battles. National Army Museum. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 "Imphal, India". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  4. ↑ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Imphal, India". Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  5. 1 2 "Climate: Imphal - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  6. 1 2 "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures upto 2010". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 21 May 2013. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
  7. ↑ "Ima Keithel – A market by women". She. msn. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  8. ↑ "Imphal". Airports Authority of India. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  9. ↑ "Govt approves rail link to Imphal". The Indian Express. 26 October 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  10. ↑ "Manipur University". Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  11. ↑ "Welcome To NIT Manipur". Retrieved 10 June 2015.
  12. ↑ "Regional Institute of Medical Sciences". Retrieved 28 January 2014.
  13. ↑ "JNIMS". Retrieved 28 January 2014.
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