Internment camps in Sweden during World War II

A number of internment camps were operated by Sweden during World War II. These camps were used for internment of, among others, suspected criminals, German refugees, anarchists and Swedish communists.

The camps were claimed to have been a decision necessary in the ambition to keep Sweden out of the war. It was made by the then-ruling grand coalition government under social democrat prime minister Per Albin Hansson, which all included all parties in the Parliament of Sweden, with the exception of the Communists.

Camps during the war

An internment camp in 1940

In February 1940, the decision was made to build fourteen internment camps, which are believed to have held around 3,000 inmates between the years 1940-1948.[1]

- Axmar (1945)

- Ede (1943–1948)

- Florsberg (1943–1948)

- Hälsingmo (1943–1948)

- Ingels (1942–1946)

- Kusfors (1944–1945)

- Långmora (March 1940-1945)

- Rengsjö (1942–1945)

- Smedsbo (March 1940-1945)

- Sunnerstaholm (1945–1946)

- Säter (1943–1946)

- Sörbyn (1944–1945)

- Tjörnarp (1945–1946)

- Vägershult (1942–1945)[2]

Internees

Internees were commonly suspected criminals, German refugees, left-wing activists or anti-Nazis. They were imprisoned without trial and without being informed of the accusations made against them. Most of these were foreigners.[3][4]

Treatment

Wardens were instructed to ensure humane treatment of internees. All internees were forced to wear certain uniform and submit daily routines. Internees in Smedsbo internment camp had a typical daily routine of being woken up at 7.15am, they were then escorted to the dining room where they were expected to have their breakfast in complete silence followed by working passes. They were not permitted to leave their working station at any time. Jobs like road building, repair duty and woodcutting were commonly adopted. With one break for lunch, work proceeded until 2.45pm, after which internees were more or less free for the rest of the day.[5]

Internment of Allied air crews

A number of British and US servicemen, primarily crew members of the aircraft damaged during bombing missions over Germany, found themselves on Swedish soil, and were interned by the Swedish authorities. Unlike civilian refugees from Germany, who were kept in internment camps, British and American airmen were placed in hotels and bed and breakfast establishments in the Falun area, and enjoyed relative freedom. They received their regular military pay from their home countries, which allowed them to be much better off than the local Swedish residents.[6]

“Disclosure”

In 2008, Swedish journalist Niclas Sennerteg and researcher Tobias Berglund published Swedish Concentration Camps in the Shadow of the Third Reich (Swedish title: “Svenska koncentrationsläger i tredje rikets skugga”), where they claim to be exposing what the government had kept secret regarding the presence of Swedish concentration camps. After the discovery was brought to media and thus public attention, the use of the term concentration camp has been highly debated.

Post-war use of Swedish internment camps

After the war the internment camps were used to store foreigners that the Swedish government deemed dubious. However, details regarding much of this have still not been uncovered.[7]

Quotes

"Den svenska staten använder sig av brutala tvångs- och våldsmetoder för att eftertryckligt trampa ned den utländska antifascisten som likt en vrakspillra efter den tyska demokratins skeppsbrott kastats upp på svensk strand" [8]

Translation:

"The Swedish government is using brutal methods to forcefully crush the foreign antifascists who like remnants after the shipwreck of the German democracy was washed upon Swedish shores.”
"Det svenska folket får inte tolerera att oskyldiga människor kastas i fängelse och kvarhålles där på obestämd tid.”[9]

Translation:

”The Swedish people must not tolerate the imprisonment of innocent people for an undetermined time.”

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ Berglund, Tobias . Interview. "45." En bok - en författare. SVT. 26 Jan. 2009 < http://svt.se/svt/road/Classic/shared/mediacenter/index.jsp?d%3D37875%26a%3D1291295%3E. Retrieved January 29, 2009. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  2. ↑ Berglund, Tobias; Sennerteg, Niclas (2008). Svenska koncentrationsläger i Tredje rikets skugga [Swedish Concentration Camps in the Shadow of the Third Reich] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Natur och kultur. pp. 12–14. ISBN 9789127026957. LIBRIS 10654055.
  3. ↑ Berglund, Tobias; Sennerteg, Niclas (2008). Svenska koncentrationsläger i Tredje rikets skugga [Swedish Concentration Camps in the Shadow of the Third Reich] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Natur och kultur. p. 54. ISBN 9789127026957. LIBRIS 10654055.
  4. ↑ Berglund, Tobias . Interview. "45." En bok - en författare. SVT. 26 Jan. 2009 < http://svt.se/svt/road/Classic/shared/mediacenter/index.jsp?d%3D37875%26a%3D1291295%3E. Retrieved January 29, 2009. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  5. ↑ Berglund, Tobias; Sennerteg, Niclas (2008). Svenska koncentrationsläger i Tredje rikets skugga [Swedish Concentration Camps in the Shadow of the Third Reich] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Natur och kultur. pp. 77–83. ISBN 9789127026957. LIBRIS 10654055.
  6. ↑ Jöran Granberg, [Memories of the Framby Internment Camp in Falun Sweden, 1942-1944], 2008
  7. ↑ Berglund, Tobias; Sennerteg, Niclas (2008). Svenska koncentrationsläger i Tredje rikets skugga [Swedish Concentration Camps in the Shadow of the Third Reich] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Natur och kultur. p. 229. ISBN 9789127026957. LIBRIS 10654055.
  8. ↑ Arbetaren, 21 mars 1940”.
  9. ↑ "En skam för Sverige". Ny Dag (in Swedish). 15 December 1942.

External links

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