Giš

A common form of giš, is, iz, iṣ, and sumerogram GIŠ, etc.

(A typical Amarna letter.)
Amarna letter EA 365-(Reverse), by Biridiya of Magiddo, title: "Furnishing Corvee Workers";^[1]
(Very high resolution exandable photo.)

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The cuneiform giš sign, (also common for is, iṣ, and iz), is a common, multi-use sign, in the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Amarna letters, and other cuneiform texts. It also has a major usage as a sumerogram, GIŠ, (capital letter (majuscule)) for English language "wood", and is used as a determinative at the beginning of words, for items made of wood. The 12 Chapters (Tablets) of the Epic of Gilgamesh lists 16 named items beginning with "GIŠ".

For giš/(is/iz/iṣ) in the construction of words it is used syllabically for giš, and syllabically for the three other constructs; also for eṣ/ez. Besides "giš", it can alphabetically be used for: e, i, s, ṣ, or z.

Epic of Gilgamesh sign usage

The usage numbers for giš in the Epic of Gilgamesh are as follows:^[2] eṣ-(2) times, ez, (3), giš, (1), is, (46), iṣ, (77), iz, (17), and GIŠ (355) times.

Epic words with determinative GIŠ

The following list of Akkadian language words are from the sumerograms used in the Epic of Gilgamesh.^[3]

--GIŠ.APIN, epinnu ("plow")
--GIŠ.BAN, qaštu (?)
--GIŠ.BANŠUR, paššūru ("table")
--GIŠ.ERIN, erēnu ("cedar")
--GIŠ.GAG, sikkatu ("flask (of perfume)")
--GIŠ.GIGIR, mugirru (?)
--GIŠ.GU.ZA, kussû ("throne", "seat")
--GIŠ.IG, daltu ("door")

--GIŠ.MÁ, eleppu ("boat, ship")
--GIŠ.NIM, baltu ("thornbush")
--GIŠ.SAR, kirû ("garden", "orchard")
--GIŠ.ŠEM.GIR, asu ("myrtle")
--GIŠ.ŠUR.MÌN, šurmenu ("cypress")
--GIŠ.TIR, qištu ("forest")
--GIŠ.TUKUL, kakku ("weapon")
--GIŠ.Ú.GIR, ašagu ("thistle", "thorn bush")

References

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↑ Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. EA 365, Furnishing Corvee Workers, p. 362.
↑ Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Sign List, pp. 155-165, Sign No. 296, giš, p. 159.
↑ Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Glossary and Indices, Logograms and Their Readings, pp. 117-18, p. 117.

Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
Parpola, 197l. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.

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