Oneiroi

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In Greek mythology, the Oneiroi or Oneiri (Ὄνειροι, "Dreams") were, according to Hesiod, sons of Nyx (Night), and were the brothers of Hypnos (Sleep), Thanatos (Death), Geras (Old Age) and other beings, all produced via parthenogenesis^[1] Cicero follows this tradition, but describes the sons of Nyx as fathered by Erebus (Darkness).;^[2] according to Ovid they were the sons of Hypnos and his wife, Pasithea (therefore making them Nyx's and Erebus' grandsons).

Euripides calls them instead sons of Gaia (Earth) and pictures them as black-winged daemons.

In the Metamorphoses

The Latin poet Ovid presents them not as brothers of Hypnos, but as some of his thousand sons. He mentions three/four by name: Morpheus was identified as the god of dreams, Phobetor as the god of nightmares, Icelos/Ikelos as the god of people in prophetic dreams, and Phantasos as the god of inanimate objects in Prophetic dreams. Alternately, Morpheus (who excels in presenting human images), Phobetor (also known as Icelos, and presents images of beasts, birds and serpents), and Phantasos (who presents images of inanimate objects in prophetic dreams, such as earth, rock, water and wood).^[3]

In the Iliad & the Odyssey

In Homer's Iliad, an Oneiros is pictured as summoned by Zeus, receiving from him spoken instructions, and then going to the camp of the Achaeans and entering the tent of Agamemnon to urge him to warfare.^[4]

The Odyssey speaks of the land of dreams as past the streams of Oceanus, close to where the spirits of the dead are led (Hades).^[5] Statius pictures the Dreams as attending on slumbering Hypnos (Somnus in Latin) in a cave in that region.^[6]

In another passage of the Odyssey, dreams (not personified) are spoken of, by a double play on words, as coming through a gate of horn if true (a play on the Greek words for "horn" and "fulfil") or a gate of ivory if false (a play on the Greek words for "ivory" and "deceive"). For this image and its echoes in later literature, see Gates of horn and ivory.

Hyponyms

Morpheus (god of dreams).
Phobetor (god of nightmares).
Icelos/Ikelos (god of people in prophetic dreams).
Phantasos (god of inanimate objects in prophetic dreams).

Sources

Smith, William. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology.

References

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