Japanese Fifteenth Area Army
| Japanese Fifteenth Area Army | |
|---|---|
| Active | February 1, 1945 - August 15, 1945 |
| Country | Empire of Japan |
| Branch | Imperial Japanese Army |
| Type | Infantry |
| Role | Field Army |
| Garrison/HQ | Osaka |
| Nickname(s) | 楠 (Kusu = "camphor") |
| Engagements | Operation Downfall |
The Japanese Fifteenth Area Army (第15方面軍 Dai jyūgo hōmen gun) was a field army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the closing stages of World War II.[1]
History
The Japanese 15th Area Army was formed on February 1, 1945 under the General Defense Command as part of the last desperate defense effort by the Empire of Japan to deter possible landings of Allied forces in central Honshū during Operation Downfall (or Operation Ketsugō (決号作戦 Ketsugō sakusen) in Japanese terminology). It was transferred to the newly formed Japanese Second General Army on April 8, 1945. The Japanese 15th Area Army was responsible for the Kansai and Chugoku regions of Honshū and the island of Shikoku. It was headquartered in Osaka. The 15th Area Army leadership also held equivalent posts in the Central District Army, and had the honor of receiving their appointments personally from Emperor Hirohito rather than the Imperial General Headquarters.
The 15th Area Army consisted mostly of poorly trained reservists, conscripted students and home guard militia. In addition, the Japanese had organized the Patriotic Citizens Fighting Corps — which included all healthy men aged 15–60 and women 17–40 — to perform combat support, and ultimately combat jobs. Weapons, training, and uniforms were generally lacking: some men were armed with nothing better than muzzle-loading muskets, longbows, or bamboo spears; nevertheless, they were expected to make do with what they had.[2]
The 15th Area Army was demobilized at the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945 without having seen combat.
List of Commanders
Commanding officer
| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | General Masakazu Kawabe | 1 February 1945 | 7 April 1945 |
| 2 | Lieutenant General Eitaro Uchiyama | 7 April 1945 | 15 August 1945 |
Chief of Staff
| Name | From | To | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lieutenant General Michio Kunitake | 1 February 1945 | 15 August 1945 |
References
Books
- Drea, Edward J. (1998). "Japanese Preparations for the Defense of the Homeland & Intelligence Forecasting for the Invasion of Japan". In the Service of the Emperor: Essays on the Imperial Japanese Army. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-1708-0.
- Frank, Richard B (1999). Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41424-X.
- Jowett, Bernard (1999). The Japanese Army 1931-45 (Volume 2, 1942-45). Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-354-3.
- Madej, Victor (1981). Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945. Game Publishing Company. ASIN: B000L4CYWW.
- Marston, Daniel (2005). The Pacific War Companion: From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-882-0.
- Skates, John Ray (1994). The Invasion of Japan: Alternative to the Bomb Downfall. New York: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-972-3.
External links
- Wendel, Marcus. "Axis History Factbook". Japanese Fifteenth Area Army.